145
quCebSi sami dRis ganmavlobaSi aTries. puSkini
1
Sexvda glexebs,
romelTac griboedovis sxeuli TbilisSi gadmoasvenes, romelic misi
meuRlis gverdiT dakrZales TbilisSi, erovnul panTeonSi. 37 rusidan
mxolod erTi gadarCa, romelic daimala da paskeviCs yvelaferi mouyva.
rusebma iranis Sahisgan patiebis TxovniT msoflioSi yvelaze didi
brilianti miiRes
2
.
paskeviCma myisierad es ambavi britanelebs daabrala. magram
gadarCenili mdivnis moxsenebis mixedviT, yvela im daskvnamde mivida,
rom mizezi griboedovis utaqto gadawyvetileba iyo. marTlac, bri ta
neTis diplomatiis moqceva am incidentSi keTilganwyobilad CaiTvala
ruseTis oficialuri politikiT. mkvlelobis Semdeg makdo
naldi
paskeviCs swerda: `sawyali madam griboedova itanjeba SesaniSnavi da
erTguli qmris dakargviT. magram axla is CvenTan cxovrobs da Tqveno
aRmatebulebav, garwmunebT Tqven da mis mSoblebs, rom is iRebs
saTanado yuradRebas da srulebiT usafrTxod aris~.
1920 wlis saomari gegma TurqeTis winaaRmdeg CaiSala. imperatori
sTxovda galaSqrebas Tavrizis an Teiranis mimarTulebiT, magram
paskeviCi imperators werda, erTdroulad TurqeTisa da iranis winaaR
mdeg omis wamowyebis SeuZleblobaze. moulodnelad aWarlebi, 15 aTasi
kacis raodenobiT, gamoCndnen axalcixesTan. maT dablokes rusebis
garnizoni qalaqis cixesimagreSi, xolo qalaqi gaZarcves da gaiqcnen.
gegmis ganxorcieleba gvian zafxulSi daiwyo da 1829 wlis ivnisSi
paskeviCma wamoiwyo laSqroba TurqeTis erzerumisken. rogorc
1
1829 wels puSkini kavkasiaSi ewvia paskeviCis jars, romelic erevans iRebda.
man gamoaqveyna Tavisi leqsebi da moTxroba `mogzauroba arzrumSi~, magram
ZiriTadad is iyo specialuri samxedrosadazvervo misia. amiT aixsneba,
rom misi megobroba dekabristebTan aranairad ar aisaxa uaryofiTad
mis karieraze. aseTive specialuri agenti iyo misi kolega griboedovi.
ruseTis centraluri televizia dResac aCvenebs griboedovis saflavs
sxva adgilas da ara TbilisSi, sadac is ubralod ar dabrunda.
2
rodesac TiTqmis imave dros iranis elCi iyo mokluli britaneTis indoeTSi
da britaneTma Sahs Zvirfasi saCuqrebiT bodiSi mouxada, gakvirvebulma
Sahma upasuxa, rom aseTi SesaniSnavi saCuqrebis Semdeg britanelebs
SeeZloT moeklaT imdeni iraneli, ramdensac moisurvebdnen. marTlac,
incidenti Zalzed SemTxveviTi iyo. iranis elCi didi pativiT miiRes da mas
200 adgilobrivi msroleli icavda. erT jariskacs SemTxveviT gauvarda
tyvia da mas iqve sikvdiliT dasjas upirebdnen. iranelebi cdilobdnen
daecvaT sawyali jariskaci da sTxovdnen, rom epatiebinaT misTvis, magram
radgan ar icodnen ena, yvelaferi qaosiT dasrulda, rodesac kidev erTma
SemTxveviTma tyviam elCi mokla.
146
dagegmili iyo, jari 18 000 kacisa da 70 zarbaznisgan Sedgeboda.
qalaqis SesasvlelTan brZola moxda. axlad Camoyalibebuli muslimTa
kavaleria mamacurad ibrZoda da erTmorwmuneebi ise gaanadgures, rom
rusebs uZneldebodaT tyveebis ayvana. am brZolis Semdeg anatoliis
dedaqalaqi erzerumi Erzurum brZolis gareSe danebda. qalaqis
farglebSi, sul cota 5 saukunis manZilze, bizantiis Semdeg, aravis
daunaxavs qristiani jariskaci. maT Soris, vinc triumfiT Sevida
qalaqSi, iyo poeti puSkini. baiburti da yarsi Baiburt and Kars sivasken
Sivas mimaval gzaze aiRes. magram SemaSfoTebeli axali ambebis gamo,
rom erTiandeboda mtrebis Zalebi jaris zurgSi, paskeviCi iZulebuli
iyo, uari eTqva Semdgom gadaadgilebaze, gansakuTrebiT trapizonisken
Trebizond, radgan imedi ar hqonda, rom mougebda meomar lazebs.
TurqebTan adrianoplis SeTanxmebis Treaty of Adrianople mixedviT, 1829
wlis seqtemberSi, awyuris, axalqalaqis da axalcixis Adsquri, Akhalkalaki,
Akhaltsikhe cixesimagreebi, aseve foTisa da anapis Poti and Anapa portebi,
ruseTis mflobelobaSi gadavida. magram amis sanacvlod, erzerumi,
baiazidi, yarsi, ardahani, baTumi da guria Erzurum, Bayazid, Kars,
Ardahan, Batumi and Guria TurqeTs daubrunda. imperatorisgan paskeviCma
ufleba miiRo, aseve ukan waeyavana somxebi da Secbunebuli iyo amdeni
ltolviliT. 90 000 meti adamiani gadmosaxlda.
25 000 qarTveli ibrZoda ruseTis armiaSi. Tumca qarTveli glexebi
ar mihyavdaT ruseTis jarSi, isini mudmivad iaraRiT xelSi brZolisTvis
mzadyofnaSi iyvnen. qarTveli glexic ki inaxavda an Tan atarebda
iaraRs miwaze muSaobis drosac ki (xmali, fari, SaSxana, revolveri).
mokle xanjali qarTuli nacionaluri tansacmlis ganuyofeli nawili
iyo saukuneebis manZilze.
ase rom, kavkasiis frontis warmatebis Semdeg SesaZlebeli gaxda
serbeTisa da saberZneTis avtonomia da qristiani lodovisa da valaCias
ganTavisufleba.
5 wlis ganmavlobaSi (182731 w.Si) paskeviCma daipyro Semdegi
qalaqebi: erevani, naxiCevani, axalcixe, axalqalaqi, foTi, anaklia,
soxumi, biWvinTa, sujuki, anapa da Savi zRvis sanapiro Erevan, Nakhichevan,
Akhaltsikhe, Akhalkalaki, Poti, Anaklia, Sukhum, Pitsunda, Sudjuk, Anapa, Black Sea
coast. am efeqturma kampaniam xeli Seuwyo saqarTvelos, gamxdariyo
mniSvnelovani qveyana. daiwyo inteleqtualuri gamococxleba,
Tbilisi kosmopolitur centrad iqca. karbonarebis moqmedebebma
neapolSi, saberZneTSi ganmaTavisuflebelma moZraobam, dekambristebis
warumatebelma ajanyebam, 1830 wlis parizis revoluciam, vaSingtonis
patriotulma omma da erovnulma ajanyebam poloneTSi gavlena iqonies
147
ruseTisa da saqarTvelos inteleqtualur cxovrebaze. amasTanave,
mefe iyenebda kavkasias ufro msubuq alternativad dekabristebis
gacimbirebasTan SedarebiT da bevri maTgani msaxurebda paskeviCis
armiaSi.
1831 wels paskeviCi gadaiyvanes evropaSi, da rogorc poloneTis
generalgubernatorma CaaxSo polonelebisa da ungrelebis ajanyebebi.
igi gardaicvala Zveli sabrZolo Wrilobebisgan zustad yirimis omis
dawyebamde. paskeviCis adgilas dainiSna baroni rozeni Baron rosen. amave
wels man daipyro afxazeTis sanapiro bomboramde, daaSoSmina jaro
belokani da daamyara ruseTis mtkice xelisufleba oseTis orive,
CrdiloeT da samxreT nawilebSi.
paskeviCTan SedarebiT baroni rozeni ufro naklebad warmatebuli
da ganaTlebuli iyo. TurqeTTan da iranTan sazRvrebi gamagrebuli
iyo da despoti mefis nikoloz Iis davalebiT ZiriTadma samxedro
moqmedebebma gadainacvla kavkasiis CrdiloeTiT, sadac meti
winaaRmdegoba Sexvda mTieli xalxisgan, vidre Turqebisa an
iranelebisgan. Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi progresi yvelamxriv SeCerebuli
iyo. daiwyo reqciuli bneli xana, romlis Sedegad CrdiloeT kavkasiis
xalxi TiTqmis ganadgurda.
Samili
miuridizmi Muridism (an ezoTeruli kavkasiuri sufizmi Sufism)
CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi (CeCneTsa da daRestanSi) Semovida Siituri Shiite
sparseTidan, sadac sufistebi ara marto didi poetebi iyvnen, aramed
bevri mmarTvelic, magram politikurad sunituri Sunnite TurqeTi
ufro metad aqtiuri iyo am regionSi. isini rusebs miiCnevdnen, rogorc
mavne parazitebs, romlebic jansaR xes mTlianad edebian. miuridizmi
gulisxmobda yvela rusis mokvlas
1
.
1
rusebsac gacnobierebuli hqondaT CeCnebisgan safrTxe da warmoudgenel
ramesac ar Takilobdnen. maT aracivilizebuli yalmuxi tomebic ki
gadmoasaxles saratovidan kavkasiaSi 1770 wlidan, raTa mudmivad
daeSinebinaT CeCneTi da daRestani, dezorganizacia SeetanaT maT
ekonomikur cxovrebaSi da gaewiraT maTi arseboba. Zalian male, 1771
wels, yalmuxebis umetesobam dainaxa ruseTis realuri mizani da saerTod
moscildnen iqaurobas. Tavi Seafares CineTs. mxolod patara nawili
dasaxlda CrdiloeT kaspiis zRvis napirebze, sadac maTi STamomavlebi
dRemde cxovroben. komunisti revolucioneri lideri lenini warmoSobiT
iyo yalmuxis, Svedis, germanelis da ebraelis narevi.
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