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razmis damarcxeba yarabaRis SuSaSi. danayofis droSebi sparselebs
CauvardaT xelSi, faqti TiTqmis uprecendentoa kavkasiis omebis
istoriaSi. monteis Monteith cnobebiT, am brZolaSi sparselebis
warmateba ganpirobebuli iyo britaneli oficris darsi todis D’Arcy
Todd xelmZRvanelobiT.
1812 wlis oqtombris yvela problemis miuxedavad, rusebma qarTveli
generlis orbelianis xelmZRanelobiT daamarcxes aleqsandre da
misi daRestnis urdo siRnaRSi. ramdenime dReSi rusma generalma
kotliarevskim gadakveTa mdinare araqsi da sabolood daamarcxa
sparseTis mTavari armia aslanduzSi, sadac brZolis velze 10 000
gvami darCa. 11 inglisuri qvemexi CauvardaT xelSi, romelsac hqonda
warwera `SahTa Sahs mefeTa mefisgan~. sparseTSi moRvawe ori britaneli
oficeri maiori kristi da artileristi kapitani lindsi Major Christie
and artillery Captain Lindsey am brZolaSi daiRupnen. daWrili maiori
kristi diliT ipova rusma oficerma, romelmac daxmareba SesTavaza,
magram man gadawyvita, rom ar Cabarebuliyo cocxlad da sastiki
winaaRmdegoba gauwia. sanam kazaki mas esroda, mokla 6 kaci, iuwyeba
montei. britaneTis mediaSi kristis sikvdilis lord kerzonis mier
aRwera, rom is iyo `mokluli rusi oficris mier, rodesac daWrili
iwva miwaze~, Tumca WeSmarit simarTles warmoadgenda, sinamdvileSi
mainc sxvagvarad iyo. kotliarevski ramdenjerme iyo daWrili momdevno
brZolaSi lenkoranTan 1812 wels. cixesimagre axali aRdgenili iyo
ingliseli inJinrebis gegmis mixedviT. daWrili generali TadarigSi
gavida da Tbilad iyo miRebuli mefis mier peterburgSi.
amis Semdeg pauluCi gadavida ruseTis dasavleT armiaSi, magram
kvlav gadainacvla fineTis generalgubernatoris postze barklai de
tolisTan uTanxmoebis gamo. man momavalSi datova samsaxuri ruseTSi
da ramdenime xnis ganmavlobaSi iyo genuas mmarTveli.
evropaSi napoleonTan omma didi moTxovna gaaCina resursebze, rac
kavkasiaSi didi Zalebis ganlagebas SeuZlebels xdida. Sesabamisad,
axali generalgubernatori rtiCSevi rtischev, romelmac ZiriTadi
samxedro kariera gaikeTa baltiis regionSi, gulwrfeli da miamiti
plitikosi iyo da britaneTs sTxova Suamavloba iranTan mSvidobis
damyarebaze. ingliselebs sWirdebodaT ruseTis mxardaWera evropaSi
da uSuamdgomla kavkasiaSi mSvidobas. iranelebi blokirebulni
iyvnen. garda amisa, rusebis sabednierod, xorasanSi didi ajanyeba
daiwyo Cineli `meomari jariskacis~ meTaurobiT, rac iranis armiis
mniSvnelovani nawilis kavkasiis frontidan gadanacvlebas iwvevda.
miRweul iqna gulistanis (1813 w.) samSvidobo xelSakruleba da
SeTanxmebis mixedviT ruseTs daukanonda aziuri saxanoebi – yarabaRi,
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ganja, Saqi, Sirvani, derbenti, yuba, baqo, TaliSi, lenkorani, daRestani
da mTliani saqarTvelo samegrelosTan, imereTTan, guriasa da
afxazeTTan erTad. xevsurebmac ki naxes rusebi simonoviCis meTaurobiT
1813 wlis gazafxulze, romelmac SeaRwia SatilSi, maT cixesimagreSi.
samwuxarod, am nusxaSi ver moxvda somxeTi, Tumca somxebs miecaT
SesaZlebloba, muslimur teritoriebidan gadmosaxlebuliyvnen dabr
kolebis gareSe (samwuxarod, aman sasikvdilo gavlena iqonia rusi
mwerlis griboedovis pirad bedze). teqsti moamzada britanelma
diplomatma ser jor oslim Sir Gore Ouseley, romelmac moipova didi
gavlena sparseTis samefo karze. ruseTi sapasuxod hpirdeba, rom mxars
dauWers abas mirzas, rogorc sparseTis samefo gvirgvinis memkvidres,
fat ali Sah yajaris Fat’hAli Shah Qajar sikvdilis Semdgom.
1816 wels mefe aleqsandre Ima, evropaSi didi gamarjvebiT
STagonebulma, gadawyvita civilizacia da saboloo mSvidoba Seetana
velur kavkasiaSi da kutuzovisa da bagrationis Semdeg gaegzavna
kavkasiaSi misi saukeTeso generali aleqsei ermolovi Yermolov (Ermoloff)
napoleonis omebis erTerTi gmiri, austerlicisa da borodinos
brZolebis monawile, daniSnuli iyo prokonsulad saqarTveloSi
1816dan 1827 wlamde. man Tavisi kariera daiwyo suvorovis dros,
romelmac mianiWa wm. giorgis jvari gmiruli saqacielisTvis varSavis
Sturmis dros, 16 wlis asakSi. Semdeg is wavida italiaSi da msaxurobda
avstriis razmSi frangebis winaaRmdeg. 1796 wels monawileoba miiRo
sparseTis omSi zubovis meTaurobiT derbentis aRebis dros. magram
imperatorma pavlem is daapatimra, radgan eWvmitanili iyo samxedro
SeTqmulebis mowyobaSi da peterburgis cixesimagreSi patimrobis
Semdeg gadaasaxles kostromaSi. magram male, mefe aleqsandres dros,
1805 wels man monawileoba miiRo austerilicis brZolaSi da moipova
barkli de tolis Stabis ufrosis Tanamdeboba 1812 wlis samamulo omis
dros. 1814 wels rusma da prusielma gvardielebma misi meTaurobiT
daikaves parizi. 1816 wels igi dainiSna saqarTveloSi 56 000kaciani
armiis meTaurad.
ermolovi iyo napoleonis antimonarqistuli ideologiis gavlenis
qveS, misi wodeba `prokonsulic~ niSandoblivi iyo. napoleonmac Tavisi
kariera daiwyo egviptis prokonsulis tituliT. aravin icoda, Tu
rogor SeiZleboda situacia hipoTeturad ganviTarebuliyo dekambrist
antimonarqistebis ajanyebis gamarjvebis da `rusi napoleonis~
moTxovnis SemTxvevaSi. im dros, napoleonis damarcxebis Semdeg, bevri
rusi axalgazrda generali ocnebobda monawileoba mieRo balkaneTze
revoluciur qmedebebSi da mogvianebiT ki TviT ruseTSi. baironi
ibrZoda saberZneTSi. puSkinic ocnebobda saberZneTSi gamgzavrebaze.
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mefe aleqsandre I bevrs sZulda ruseTSi, misi winaaRmdegobis gawevis
gamo, rom gagzavniliyo damxmare jari saberZneTSi adgilobrivi
despoti monarqis winaaRmdeg. ermolovma gadawyvita, Tavisi kariera
gaekeTebina aRmosavleTSi, radgan evropis dasavleT nawilSi Zalzed
areuli situacia sufevda. da man kavkasia dainaxa, rogorc misi
uzarmazari energiis farTo asparezi. ganswavluli rusi oficeri,
evropis ganmaTavisuflebeli, gaigzavna, rom ebrZola TurqeTsa da
sparseTSi, romelic ufro despoturi iyo, vidre ruseTi (miT umetes,
rom es marTlac ase iyo).
ermolovi iyo gansakuTrebuli simamacis mqone, warmosadegi
Sesaxedaobis, ubadlo fizikuri Zalis patroni, uangarod patiosani,
zneCveulebiT spartaneli, da misi jari mas aRmerTebda. is iCemebda,
yovelgvari safuZvlis gareSe, Cingiz yaenobas, rogorc misi memkvidre.
sinamdvileSi, misi winapari murzaaslanermola MurzaAslanErmola
Camovida monRolTa urdodan da moinaTla 1506 wels. igi Sovinisti
iyo da sarkastuli ena hqonda. erT dRes mas hkiTxes, ras isurvebda,
razec man upasuxa: `rom gavxde germaneli, avixden yvelafers, rac
msurs~. sxva SemTxvevaSi, imperatoris generlebis mimarTulebiT man
dasva kiTxva, `Tu SeiZleba, batonebo, mipasuxeT, romelime Tqvengani
rusulad laparakobs?~ oficialuri banketis dros mefe aleqsandrem
ixumra, rom ermolovi magidasTan ijda rogorc qveynis pirveli piri,
magram man sarkastulad upasuxa, rom moxarulia iyos meore aseTi
mefis, aleqsandres Semdgom.
rusi nacionalistebisagan gansxvavebiT, advilia imis SemCneva,
rom saqarTveloSi omobdnen evropeli generlebi: knoringi, hermani,
nibolsini, benkerdorfi, gilenSmidti, ostensakeni, fese, fuksi,
hese, hofmani, Taube, emanueli, baroni rozeni, baroni tornau, baroni
zasi, albranti, brumeri, grabe, vrangeli, pulo, freitagi, ludersi,
neidgarti, foki, Svarci, benkerdorfi, hasfordi, redi, kemferti,
vaisadmirali greigi da markus pauliCi Knorring, Hermann, Niebolseen,
Benkendorf, Gillenschmidt, OstenSacken, Fese, Fucks, Hesse, Hoffmann, Taube,
Emanuel, Baron Rosen, Baron Tornau, Baron Zass, Albrandt, Brummer, Count Grabbe,
Wrangel, Pullo, Freitag, Luders, Neidgart, Fok, Schwartz, Count Benckendorff, Hasfort,
Read, Kempfert, ViceAdmiral Greig and Marquis Paulicci. ra Tqma unda, cnobili
rusebis monawileobiT: generlebi gudovCi, tormazovi, rtiSCevi,
kotliarevski, veliamenovi, krasovski, vadbolski, raevski, menSikovi,
pankratievi, bekoviCi, strekalovi, bariatinski, lanskoi, golovini,
volJinski, voroncovi, gurko, sliefcovi, nesterovi, vrevski Generals
Gudivch, Tormazov, Rteeshtcheff, Kotliarevsky, Veliameenoff, Krasovsky, Vadbolsky,
Rayevsky, Menshikov, Pankratiev, Bekovitch, Strekalov, Baryatinsky, Lanskoi,