A case study: insights from the public education system of uzbekistan

Grading Scales:
Table 3
 
Table 3. Grading scales in public education of the Republic of Uzbekistan 
Source: Authoring 
Budget constraints and other transition problems following the collapse of the 
Soviet Union have made it difficult to maintain and update educational buildings, 
equipment, texts, supplies, teaching methods, and curricula. Foreign aid for education 
is desperately needed but has not been sufficient to compensate for the loss of central 
funding.
When viewed in general, the Uzbekistan educational system 
includes: 

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Academic Research in Educational Sciences 
Volume 3 | Issue 8 | 2022 
ISSN: 2181-1385 
Cite-Factor: 0,89 | SIS: 1,12 | SJIF: 5,7 | UIF: 6,1 
 
 
 
 
 
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August, 2022 
https://t.me/ares_uz Multidisciplinary Scientific Journal 

Preschool training (preprimary-from three to six years old) 

General secondary education (from 6 to 15 years old) 

Secondary vocational education (from 15 to 18 years old) 

Higher education (undergraduate and graduate-from 18 years old). 
Girls and boys are legally considered equal and study in the same classes and 
schools. Schools are open to all ethnic groups, and minorities in schools are rarely an 
issue. The academic year begins on 2 September (the first of September is 
Independence Day) or the first working day of September (Habibov, 2012). The 
academic year ends in June for secondary schools and in July for higher education. 
Russian was a common language for over 100 nationalities living in the Soviet Union 
and played the same role as English in the United States (Hakimov et al., 2020). It 
was also the Lingua Franca of the socialist world that included Bulgaria, Poland, 
Mongolia, and other European and Asian countries. Without Russian as a common 
language, Uzbeks (and other ethnic groups) would have to learn Ukrainian, 
Belorussian, Moldavian, Armenian, and many other languages to communicate with 
the multinational population of the Soviet Union (World Bank Group, 2018). 
Therefore, until 1991, Uzbeks preferred schools with instruction in Russian for their 
children (Fayzievna, 2012). To not do so would have put them at a great disadvantage 
socially. After Uzbekistan gained its independence, Uzbek (not Russian) became the 
official language of instruction. From 1998-1999, some 76.8 percent of pupils at day 
schools were educated in Uzbek (ADB, 2012).