Akademik Tarih ve Düşünce Dergisi

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Akademik Tarih ve Düşünce Dergisi

                        Academıc Journal of History and Idea Cilt:IV

CiltIV/Sayı:XIII /Aralık /MMXVII                        ISSN:2148-2292.            Volume:IV /Number:XII /December/MMXVII

                                                             АКАДЕМИЧЕСКАЯ ИСТОРИЯ И МЫСЛЬ

                                                Karagözoğlu /atdd / 0000-0001-7867-4724

                                                                                                 Makale Başv. Tarihi:08/09/2017

                                                                                                      Makale Y. Kabul Tarihi:20/12/2017

Prince Dara Shukoh, the Famous Turkish Scholar of İndia and his

Approach to Hinduism and İslamic Mysticism

Berna Karagözoğlu

3

ORCİD / 0000-0001-7867-4724

Abstract

Baburî emperor Shah Jalal-ud-din Akbar (1556-1605), who is known for his tolerant

approach, designated Agra as the capital city of India in the 17th century.   At that time, Agra

was one of India's largest cities with a population of five hundred thousand people, where the

many  religious  scholars  and  philosophers  came  together  and  conducted  research  under  the

leadership of Akbar.  The aim of the research was to establish conciliation between religions

such as Hindu, Islam, Zoroastrianism, Christianity and Sikh in India. The Sufi movement was

also a socio-religious movement of fourteenth to sixteenth century.  The spiritual mission of

mysticism  is  primarily  to  help  Muslim  leaders  in  their  political  dominance  in  India  and  to

spread  Islam.  For  this  reason,  the  Sufis  had  accompanied  the  Muslim  conqueror  in  their

conquest. The essence of the teachings of Sufi is the union of the human soul with Allah with

affection and loyalty. The Muslim clerics, who had works on Vedantic philosophy and Indian

Buddhism, met in various  religious texts, contacted the great intelligence of India and  were

able  to  grasp  Indian  religion  very  closely.Akbar  tried  to  establish  a  new  religion  what  he

called  "Divine  Religion”,  by  combining  several  religions,  in  order  to  ensure  peace  and

prosperity in all the cities of the Indian subcontinent during his long reign.  However, Akbar’s

ideas  caused  reactions  of  many  Islamic  scholars  such  as  Imam  Rabbani,  as  well  as  Shah

Jahan  and  Shah  Aurangzeb.  However,  Dara  Shukoh  (1615-1659),  the  son  of  Shah  Jahan,

embraced  Akbar’s  ideas  about  the  religion  and  science  and  tried  to  keep  his  values  alive,

despite the reaction of his father.

As  you  can  see,  India  was  ruled  by  tolerant  Muslim  rulers  such  as  Akbar,  Jahangir

and Dara Shukoh, who regard all religions equal, as well as Sunni rulers with radical ideas

such  as  Aurangzeb  (Alamgir)  or  Shah  Jahan  during  its  long  history.  The  works  of  Dara

Shukoh were classified in two parts.   The first part was collected under the heading of Saints

and  Mystics,  while  the  second  part  was  presented  under  the  heading  of  Hinduism  and

3

Yrd.Doç. Dr.,Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen Üniversitesi, brnkrgzgl@gmail.com

Translations from Sanskrit Language. Safinat ul-Aulya. Sakinatu’l-Aulia Risale-i Haqnûma,

Tariqatu’l-Haqiqat,  Hasanatu’l-Arifîn,  İksir-i  A’zam  (Divan-ı  Dara  Shukoh)  He  translated

original  Sanskrit  works  into  Persian,  such  as  Majmau’l-Bahreyn  ve  Muqalame-i  Baba  Lal

and Dara Shukoh Yoga Vasista, Sirr-i Akbar (Upanishadlar), Bhagwat Gita.

In  our  study,  the  personality  of  the  Turkish  scholar  Dara  Shukoh,  his  works  and  his

approach to sufism

will be examined.

Key words: Dara Shukoh, Hinduism, Religions in India, India, Persian works.

Giriş

Babür Hanedanlığı dönemi Hindistan’ı felsefenin, bilimin, mimarinin, tıbbın ve pek

çok sanat dallarının teşvik ve himâye edildiği bir dönem olarak tanınmıştır. Zira gelmiş

geçmiş tüm padişahlar ve hanedanlık bu sanat dallarıyla şahsen ilgilenmişler ve yeteneklerini

eserleri ile ortaya koymuşlardır. Şiir ve edebiyatla iç içe olan bu toplumun resmi ve edebî dili

Farsçadır. Dinî konulardaki çalışmalar, Arapçanın yanı sıra Farsça ve Hint-Avrupa dilinin

Hindistan kolunu oluşturan kadim dillerinden olan Sanskritçede de yazılmıştır. Sanskritçe

yazılmış olan kutsal kitaplar ve Hintçenin klasik eserleri, Ekber’in ortak bir din oluşturma

fikri ile Farsçaya çevrilmiştir. Lahor, Delhi, Agra, Patna, Benaras gibi şehirler, tasavvuf ve

Hindu inancına ait görüşlere sahip şair, edip ve yazarların yetiştiren şehirlerdir. Dârâ Şükûh

da, Hinduizm ve İslam’da var olan tasavvuf inancını benimsemiş ve iki inancın ortak

sentezinden oluşan eserler kaleme almıştır. Ülkemizde Türk bilgin Dârâ Şükûh, eserleri ve

onun dinî konulardaki yaklaşımları hakkında yeteri kadar çalışma yapılmamıştır. Makalemiz

onun hayatı ve eserlerinin tanımına yönelik anlatılardan oluşmaktadır.

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