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was muffled in as a cop over the spindle. We think that iron t lows found from 7c
square were distaff billows. According to ethnographic observations, distaff billow
had 30-35 centimeter length. Length of billows dealt with is 30 centimeter.
Next processing after string spinned in occupation of weaving is considered
pivotion. A ready string is pivoted through “iron billow” (iron billow) in pivotion
procedure and it was smoothed being cleaned from wool knot, friable lump, hitch
an so on. “Iron billow” was a tool which had 13-15 sm length. We suppose that
copper found from archaeological excavation area, more exact, 7th square and iron
tool found from 2th square were “iron billow” used for this purpose. Length of
both materials is 15 centimeter. Head part of the iron tool was wrapped in a manner
of brazier spit. These tools are used for other purposes.
Household plates occupy specific place in study of artefacts. Plates were
applied in keeping, provision, cooking of foodstuff and its serving in the table-
cloth from primitive period till today. Difference among the plate periods included
the material it made, form and usage setting. Pottery plates played basic role in
standards of the nation till XVIII century. Production of pottery plate sourcing
from Neolithic Age improved at times and met demands of the nation for plate.
Prevail of pottery things amid material cultured samples gained by Agsu
Archaeological Expedition during the excavations prove that pottery things
preserved their higher stand in XVIII century and used widely in standards. Most
of the found plates are those preserved their shape over long centuries. Some
samples were displayed testifying spread of only pottery pipe polls in standards
since XVIII century.
Few number of copper home plates amid the achieved findings confirm that
copper could not mass enter standards in XVIII century. It can be above all
explained with expensive copper; cheap and quick preparation of pottery, on the
contrary. It is determined that a proverb "You can make your pot full by buying
pottery" used among nation belongs to subsequent periods, i.e. XIX century.
Copper enters mass to standards since that period. Although there are few types of
copper plates displayed from XVIII century monument, it gives us opportunity to
have notion about that period. Found copper lid belongs to packing pots and it
informs these pots' finding their places in standards. The lid was prepared in a
simple form that proves its usage in average family. The plates decorated with rich
ornament element could enter standards of only well-to-do layer of population.
Such plates were prepared due to order and are produced for a long time. Pieces of
copper plate, spoon and a pipe poll draw attention for graphic arrangement. Non-
achievement of things having rich adornment element used in way of life of
wealthy families as a result of implemented excavations is a fact proving existence
of lower layer of population in IV site.
One of important tools in household was "el deyirmani" (hand mill), and
kirkire (a quern), and (hand stone). It was applied for cereals and salt grinding in
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daily way of life. A quern consisted of solid porous stones not crumbled in the
work process-upper stone having 10-12 sm thickness and 35-45 sm diameter; and
similiar diameter bottom stone, thicker than the previous. Besides, according to the
reporters, "straw" stone was preferred in order to prepare quern. Because straw
stone was more durable and solid than fragile quarry stone. Querns obtained from
archaeological excavations were prepared in accordance with the shown sizes.
Hollow called "denlik" (crop) was opened in the middle of circular-hewed quern
stone (upper stone) and grinded food was poured out of there. Billow was put on
the crop's hollow opened in mid of underneath stone and the billow went 4-5
centimeter aside that. The hole in the edge of the upper stone was provided for
knob. The quern was put in action by wearing wooden holder there.
Large amount of remnants of glassware in the area of archaeological
excavation is display of occupation of this kind equipments in standards. Glass
products finding way to the area mainly through transit trade testify broadness of
trade relations of Shamakhi.
Materials obtained from archaeological excavations substantiate saying that
existed material cultured elements being integral part of National Azerbaijan
culture made valuable contribution to Azerbaijan and East cultural fund differed
for its local features. The findings displayed in the area prove existence of fervent
urban life, protection of local craftsmanship traditions, as well as town-building
and house-building culture. The materials testify that protection of practical
technical legacy, empirical knowledge system, influence of ethnic cultural
relations, natural geographical condition, social political situation and other factors
stipulated material cultured development of Agsu Town. Though investigations
carried out by Agsu Archaeological Expeditior directed to research of little period
of our history, they will elucidate opening of many darl pages.
AĞSU QAZINTILARINDAN TAPILMIġ METAL MƏMULATI:
TEXNOLOGĠYASI VƏ TƏSNĠFATI
Azərbaycanın orta əsr şəhərlərində inkişaf etmiş bir çox sənət sahələri ilə
yanaşı metalişləmə sənətinin də xüsusi yeri olub. Bu sənətin inkişafında əsas
amillərdən biri, demək olar ki, ən başlıcası Azərbaycan ərazisinin xammal
ehtiyatları və faydalı qazıntılarla, habelə qiymətli daşları, əlvan metalları, gil və
kaolin yataqları ilə zəngin olmasıdır. Məhz zəngin yataqların olması əvvəlki illərdə
olduğu kimi, son orta əsrlərdə də metalişləmə sənətinin inkişafına zəmin yaradırdı.
Yazılı mənbələrdə Azərbaycanda - Gəncədə, Aranda, Şirvanda, Naxçıvanda,
Daşkəsəndə və digər ərazilərdə olan faydalı filiz, mis yataqları və onlardan istifadə
qaydaları haqqında qiymətli məmulatlar verilmişdir.
Azərbaycanın son orta əsr yaşayış yerlərində aparılmış arxeoloji tədqiqatlar
göstərir ki, keramika məmulatı istehsalında olduğu kimi, metal məmulatı
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