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noted the mughams “R ast”, “Shur”, “Segah” from the performance
of the singer Bilal Yahya; M .Ismayilov noted the tasnifs from the
perform ance o f the singer A lizohrab. In the m entioned book by
V. Belyayev two more note writings were given from the performance
of G urban Primov. The first o f it was noted in instrum ental form
the m ugham “R a st” by the Russian musician V .K rivonosov. But
the second note writing belongs to the composer Tofig Guliyev. This
note writing reflects the vocal-instrumental form of m ugham dastgah
“R ast”, it was written from the performances o f Zulfu Adigozelov
and G urban Primov. During 1960 years the instrum ental mughams
noted from the perform ance o f A hm ed B akikhanov by N arim an
M am m adov were published: “B ayati-Shiraz” and “S hur” (1962),
“R a s t” an d “ S h ah n az” (1963), “ C h a h a rg a h ” a n d “ H u m a y u n ”
(1962), “ S e g a h -Z a b u l” a n d “ R a h a b ” (1965). T he m u g h a m
“C hahargah” written in vocal-instrumental form during 1970 years
by N .M am m ad o v co rresp o n d s the m astery d escrip tio n o f the
mugham singer Yagub M ammadov, but the mugham “R ast” (1978)
fits the m astery description o f H ajibaba Hüseynov. D uring 2000
years the note writings of mughams were noted and published by
A rif Asadullayev from the perform ance of the ta r player Elkhan
Mirzeferov: “Bayati-Shiraz” and “H um ayun” (2003), “R a s t” and
“C hahargah” (2005), “S hushtar”, “S h u r”, “Zabul Segah” (2006).
Adjoining with mugham dastgahs the examples belonging to other
genres were also noted and published: “Azerbaijan folk rangs” by
S .R u sta m o v (th e 1st n o te b o o k -1 9 5 4 , the 2nd n o teb o o k -1 9 5 6 ),
“A zerbaijan folk ran g s” by A .B akikhanov (1964), “A zerbaijan
rhythm ic m ugham s” (1968), “A zerbaijan tasnifs” by R .Z ohrabov
(1983), “Azerbaijan percussion m ugham s” (1986), “The percussion
m ugham s” (2004), “A zerbaijan deram ed and ra n g s ” (1984) by
E .M an su ro v an d A .K arim ov , “A zerbaijan diringi and ra n g s”
(1986).
M UGHAM OPERA. The original opera genre appeared in Azerbaijan
at the beginning of the 20lh century. It was formed in the activity of
Uzeyir H ajibeyli. The opera “ Leyli and M ajn u n ” based on the
m ugham a rt and created by him formed the base o f opera a rt in
Azerbaijan and in East. Putting this performance on the stage created
the form ation of musical theatre and the foundation of composer’s
art were created in A zerbaijan. At the same tim e this event has
enlarged the limits of mugham mastery and stim ulated the singers
to perform on the opera stage. Uzeyir Hajibeyli is also the author of
the following operas: “Sheykh Sanan” (1909), “R ustam ve S ohrab”
(1910), “Shah Abbas ve K hurshid B anu” (1912), “Asli ve K erem ”
(1912), “H aru n ve Leyla” (1915). The other com posers derived
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advantage from the activity practice of U .H ajibeyli have created
the mugham operas. “Ashug G arib” by Z.Hajibeyov (1916), “Shah
Ism ayil” by Muslim M agom ayev are the interesting examples of
this genre. This tradition was continued by the composers in the
second part of the 20th century: the operas “Gelin gayasi” (“Bride
ro ck ”) by S.A khundova and “K hanendenin taleyi” (“The fate of
the singer”) by J.Jahangirov are from th a t genre. In the operas
“V a g if’ by V .M ustafayev and “N atav a n ” by V. Adigozelov the
m ugham s have been used in order to revive the characters o f the
famous performers in the subject of the musical composition.
M U G H A M RECO RD ING S. The first sound recordings of mughams
in gram ophone recordings began to appear from 1900 years. F o r
the first time in the East musical history with the invitation of the
com pany “G ram ophone” the voice of Jab b ar G aryagdi oglu was
re c o rd e d in 1906 in R ig a. L a te r A la s g a r A b d u lla y ev , Seyid
M irbabayev, Islam A bdullayev, M ashadi M am m ad Farzaliyev,
Kechachi oglu M ahamm ad, M ajid Behbudov, Seyid Shushinski and
other singers were invited to Riga, W arszaw a, Petersburg, Kiev,
Moscow, Tbilisi by the companies “G ram ophone” , “Sport-Record” ,
“P ate” and their voices were recorded. M ostly these singers were
accompanied by the ta r player G urban Primov and the kam ancha
p la y e r S ash a O ganezashvili. T he o th e r level o f reco rd in g o f
m ugham s were held by the Scientific-investigation music study
attach to Azerbaijan State Conservatoire with the leading of Bulbul.
Folk songs and tasnifs, mughams by Jabbar Garyagdi oglu and other
singers were also recorded an d some o f them were noted too.
N owadays the recordings of mugham performers are published in
the form of CD - DVD in Azerbaijan and foreign countries with a
num ber of copies. As the most valuable treasure of national music
the ancient gram ophone recordings are saved in Azerbaijan State
Recordings Archive, in the memorial house o f U.Hajibeyli and in
the funds o f Azerbaijan State Musical A rt Museum. A part of the
ancient gram ophone recordings have been digital restored by the
creative group of the journal “Musigi dunyasi” . The catalogue of
gram ophone recordings were placed in internet site “A zerbaijan
d isc o g ra p h y ” (1900-1940) an d th a t catalo g u e includes a g reat
num ber o f information. Besides that the creative group of the journal
“Musigi dunyasi” had a project called “The ancient gram ophone
recordings” with the jo in t of A zerbaijani Embassies in G erm any
and France (2003-2005), about 450 CDs with the recordings of the
famous singers were introduced to the museums and the State Sound
R e c o rd in g s A rchive. T he e le c tro n c a ta lo g u e o f A z e rb a ija n
Discography: http://diskografiya.m usigi-dunya.az.
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