Dear Reader: This is a crude draft as of August 15, 2018. The three asterisks or the bold

Maybe then the diagram of the virtues correlated with modes of action: biology, violence, trade, and sweet talk? As a peroration?

$$$(Very, Very Partial) List of Works Cited

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1 Earle 1989, pp. 80-81.

2. Cicero 44 BCE, I:42. Compare Finley 1973, pp. 60, 23.

3 Appleby 2010, p. 7.

4. Lal 2006, p. 2. Lal here perhaps falls in with Douglass North’s ideas that literal “predation” was common as late as 1688 in England. Lal’s own ideas about the High Medieval origins of property rights are better founded on primary documents.

5 Cites for East Cape (check location, and Howiesons Poort); Kaufman 1999 on Levant. R. Kittler and colleagues (2003) argue on the basis of mitochondrial DNA of lice (yes, lice) that the adoption of clothing sufficient to harbor lice dates to about 40,000 BCE. The trouble with using such evidence to place the cultural explosion as late as 50,000 BCE is that elaborate clothing was less necessary in Africa than on the edges of the ice in Europe.

6 Bar-Yosef 2002, pp. 365, 367. He cites Gamble 1993, Taborin 1993, Smith 1999, Johnson & Earle 2000, Conard 2001, Hovers 2001, Marks & Chabai 2001, Richter 2001, Geneste 1988, Féblot-Augustins 1993—the point, that is, is from the scientific mainstream.

7 Bar-Yosef 2002, p. 376, citing Wynn 1991, Trask et al. 1998.

8 Evidence

9 Smith DDDD, p. 6.

10 Grantham, p. 10. He cites Pierre Pétrequin, Serge Cassen, Cristophe Croutsch and Michel Errera, ‘La valorisation social des longues haches dans l’Europe néolithique,’ in Guilaine, Matériaux,. 67-100; Andrew Sherratt, ‘The transformation of early agrarian Europe: the later Neolithic and copper ages,’ in Cunliffe, Oxford Illustrated Prehistory, 188; Magdelena Midgely, TRB culture: The First Farmers of the North European Plain. Edinburgh (1992)

11 Grantham 2010, p. 9. He cites Christian Jeunesse, ‘La coquille et la dent. Parure de coquillage et évolution des systèmes symboliques dans le Néolithique Danubienne (5600 – 4500),’ in J. Guilaine, ed. Matériaux, productions, circulations du Néolithique à l’âge du bronze, Paris : Éditions Errance (2002) 49-64.

12 Grantham, p. 9. He cites Maria Joefa Villalba, ‘Le gîte de variscite de Can Tintore : production, transformation, et circulation du minéral vert,’ in Guilaine, Materiaux, 115 – 129.

13 ***Cite Sol Tax

14 See the evidence gathered in Grantham 2010, p. 10. He connects the local activity, though, with long-distance trade.

15 Smith 1999, p. 113.

16 Smith 1999, p. 112.

17 Sherratt 2005 at http://www.archatlas.dept.shef.ac.uk/ObsidianRoutes/ObsidianRoutes.php

18 Lawler 2002.

19 Smith 1999, p. 121.

20 ***Smith 1776, Bk. 1, Chp. 4, para. 1, p. NNN.

21 O’Flaherty 2005, p. 13.

22 Postgate 1992, p. 80; the town’s actual name is uncertain.

23 Inferred using R. M. Adams’ densities from Postgate 1992, pp. 74, 80.

24 Kramer 1963, p. 89.

25 Perdue 2003, p. 491.

26 Some of the following appears in Hejeebu and McCloskey 2000, 2003.

27 Lichtenstein 2009, p. 13; and see Arthur Carden’s book review 2010 making the contrary case.

28 As anyone knows who has tried to use Google this way, the results are sensitive to how one asks the question. Here I use <“Karl Polanyi” “The Great Transformation”> and likewise for the other writers (that is, including titular “the” and including first names but excluding middle initials). And of course the years in which one searches matter. Williams’ Capitalism and Slavery far exceeds Hayek’s The Road to Serfdom at “anytime,” but has declined to 751 hits in the year 2009, as against 19,600 for Hayek’s book—and in actually sales from the University of Chicago Press fully 150,000 in 2010 when the controversial TV personality Glenn? Beck devoted his hour to praising it. But among the four in any choice of period Polanyi’s is the most prominent.

29 See Pipes 1999, pp. 50-51; and also pp.76-105.

30 Exact citation, with quotes inserted in the text.

31