Electrical industry of burma/myanmar

Additional references
See above: ‘Biogas power plants supply electricity to rural areas’ (MT: 16/08/04)
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Appendix 19
ANYAPYA HYDROPOWER PROJECT IN DAWEI TOWNSHIP
The article and news items under this heading in the 3^rd edition of the Electrical Industry Compendium are now included in edited form in Villagers petition against dam construction on Anyaphya creek (15/03/12)
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Appendix 20
HTOO TRADING TO BUILD HTAKHA HYDROPOWER PROJECT ON B.O.T. BASIS

NLM, 01/01/10.

Data summary: Htakha
NLM, 24/03/11. Edited and condensed. http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs11/NLM2011-03-24.pdf

At the session of the Pyithu Hluttaw [People’s Chamber] of the Parliament on 23/03/11, Representative N’ Htu Phon Hsan of Kachin State said that feasibility studies with regard to the generation of hydropower at Htakhachaung waterfall in Machanbaw township had been carried out on various occasions. He wanted to know whether a project was to go ahead and when it would commence. EPM-1 Zaw Min explained that all hydropower projects have first to receive the approval of the Special Projects Implementation Committee. [The Minister said] that approval for the Htakhachaung hydropower project had already been from sought from the Special Projects Implementation Committee. The project was under observation and it would be classified as a small-scale project to be implemented by a company belonging to a national entrepreneur.

KNG. 17/05/10. Edited and condensed. http://www.kachinnews.com/News/Eight-Kachin-villages-to-relocate-for-hydropower-project-on-their-own.html

Eight Kachin villages in the Puta-O district are being forced to relocate to make way for a hydropower project at the Ding Htain waterfall (Ding Hpang rum in Kachin). The project is located 10 miles southeast of Machyangbaw town on the Mali river near Lungsha Yang village. It is being implemented by the Asia World company, said local villagers. Since April, five villages east of the river in the project site -- Hpawang Daru, Dingma Ga, N’Hka Ga, N’Hti Ga and Htinggai Yang and three villages west of the river --- Hpagan Yang, N’Loi Yang and N’Hkrang Ga were moved by the IB 138 based in Munglangshidi, they said. But, according to the villagers, they were not provided with an alternative place for their homes or any compensation and will have to construct houses on their own. Each village identified for relocation has about 60 households and they have been under pressure to shift from the hydropower project site since early this year.

NLM, 22/04/10. Excerpt. http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs08/NLM2010-04-22.pdf

During a visit by General Than Shwe to the Upper Hsedawgyi hydropower project . . . Chairman Te Za of Htoo Trading reported on preparations for a coal-fired power plant that Htoo Trading will undertake in Htantabin township on the outskirts of Yangon and on the Htakha hydropower project which the company is to implement on Htakha Creek, three miles southeast of Htanga Village in Machanbaw township.

NLM, 07/03/10. http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs08/NLM2010-03-07.pdf

The Special Projects Implementation Committee held a co-ordination meeting (1/2010) at the Operations Meeting Room of the office of the Commander-in-Chief (Army) in Nay Pyi Daw on 05/03/10. . . . At the meeting, EPM-1 Zaw Min reported that . . . the Ministry of Electric Power No 1 will jointly implement five projects with the investment of local national entrepreneurs. They are: the Upper Biluchaung hydropower project in Shan State South to generate 29 megawatts, the Htakha hydropower project in Kachin State to generate 6 megawatts, the Anyaphya hydropower project in Taninthayi division to generate 9 megawatts, the Yangon coal-fired power plant project in Yangon division to generate 270 megawatts and the Kawthoung coal-fired power plant project in Taninthayi division to generate 6 megawatts.

Xinhua, 05/01/10. http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2010-01/05/content_12757356.htm

Myanmar is encouraging private companies to invest in hydropower projects to share the government's efforts in fulfilling the country's growing electric power demand. Recently, the Myanmar authorities granted one more company to implement hydropower projects under a build, operate and transfer (BOT) system, according to EPM-1. Under an MoU reached on 29/12/09 between the ministry and Htoo Trading Co, the private company will implement two hydropower projects of Upper Hsedawgyi and Thaka, for the first time.

Wai Moe, IRROL, 04/01/10. Excerpt. http://www.irrawaddy.org/print_article.php?art_id=17523

According to a short report published 31/12/09 in Myanma Alin, EPM-1 and Htoo Trading Co Ltd signed an agreement on 29/12/09 to build, operate and transfer electricity from the Hsedawgyi and Htaka hydro power projects. . . . Sources in the Rangoon business community said the contract between the government and Htoo Co. was for 75 years.

NLM, 01/01/10. http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs08/NLM2010-01-01.pdf

An MoU was signed between the Hydropower Administration Dept of EPM-1 and Htoo Trading Co Ltd to co-operate on the Upper Hsetawgyi and Htakha hydropower projects through the B.O.T system on 29/12/09. . . Chairman Teza of Htoo Trading Co Ltd explained the purpose of signing the MoU.

Topographic map reference: China 1:250,000: Series L500, U.S. Army Map: NG 47-02: Kung-Shan (Ta-La, China, Burma. The location of the Htakha river has yet to be clarified. It could be the Nam Tisang. Note the location Pingma Ga [27° 04' N, 97° 49' E], possibly the village of Dingma Ga referred to in the KNG news item of 17/05/10, grid square reference: 11\5, 38\4 http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/china/txu-oclc-10552568-ng47-2.jpg
Additional references
For other electric power projects under planning by Htoo Trading Co see: ‘Offical visit gives impetus to Upper Sedawgyi dam project’ and ‘Agreement signed on coal-fired thermal power plant for Yangon’.
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Appendix 21
SONPHU HYDROPOWER STATION SERVING WA REGION
NLM, 14/11/04. http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs/NLM2004-11-14.pdf

On 11/11/04, Minister for Progress of Border Areas Thein Nyunt went to Nan Pan Creek Sonphu hydro-electric power station, the main power station for the Wa region. It generates 8.5 megawatts and supplies power to Pangsang and Mongpauk.

Those Impeding Eradication of Narcotic Drugs, [1999]. [Edited} http://www.myanmarnarcotic.net/MTA/ndrug2.html

On 9th May 1989, the Wa "faction" [United Wa State Army} officially signed a peace agreement with the [Myanmar] government. In those days, Pangsan was a small village inhabited by Wa and Shan nationals. Ten years later, I went on a visit to to the now thriving town. [While I was there, I was driven] to the construction site of Nant Pan (Nangpan) hydro-electric power plant on Nant Pan creek about 30km away from the town. Four hundred labourers were working day and night shifts to finish the project in time for its scheduled opening on 17 April. The facility, which will eventually generate 7.5 MW, of electricity is being built at a total cost of K 3,200 million. I was told that three other similar plants are under constrution in the Wa region. They include the 2,000-kW Yone Kyet plant and the 800-kW plant at Khway Mar. [A photo of the opening of the Nantpan power station is included with the article.]

NLM, 28/04/99. http://www.myanmargeneva.org/99nlm/n990428.htm

On a visit to the Wa region on 25/04/99, Lt-Gen Khin Nyunt of the SPDC and U Pauk Yu Chan, national race leader of Shan State Special Region No 2, went to the Sonphu (Nangpan) hydroelectric power station where a ceremony was held to commission the station into service.

MIC, 17/08/06. http://www.myanmar-information.net/infosheet/2006/060817.htm

For the development of Wa region, the Government has spent K 2,865.66 million and provided cash and material assistance worth K 1,256 million. . . . Regarding energy, altogether 5 towns in Wa region are being supplied with electricity. A village and a town in Wa region is being supplied with hydro-electric [power].

Topographical Map reference: See China 1:250,000 Series L500, U.S. Army Map NF 47-07: Lan Ts'ang for the area where the Sonphu dam is located on the Nam Pang river. The village closest to the Sonphu dam would appear to be Man Hsumpu in grid square 13\9, 28\9.

http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/china/txu-oclc-10552568-nf47-7.jpg
Additional references
Data summary: Sonphu
For other electricity generating plants resulting from cease-fire agreements with armed groups in border areas of Myanmar see ‘Hydro power station commissioned in Kaungkha’.
For other hydropower projects on the Namhka and Namlwi rivers in the Wa and Mongla regions, see

‘South China power companies target rivers in north-eastern Shan State’ (Sohu: 08/02/10)

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Appendix 22
NEW POWER OASIS DEVELOPMENT COMPANY TO DEVELOP UPPER BILUCHAUNG PROJECT

NLM, 19/01/11. http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs11/NLM2011-01-19.pdf

The Hydropower Planning Dept under the Ministry of Electric Power No 1 signed a contract with the New Power Oasis Development Co Ltd to implement the Upper Belu Creek hydropower project under the B.O.T system at Yeywa Hall of the ministry on 17/01/11. The contract was signed by D-G Kyee Soe of the HPD and MD Khaing Oo of the New Power Oasis Development Co Ltd. The Upper Belu Creek project is on [Upper] Belu creek in Nyaungshwe township [west of Inle lake].
Topographic map references: Burma 1:250,000: Series U542, U.S. Army Map: NF 47-13: Yamethin

http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/burma/txu-oclc-6924198-nf47-13.jpg

Information pinpointing the the location of the Upper Biluchaung project can be found on a map on page 19 of the report Poison Clouds: Lessons from Burma’s largest coal project at Tigyit. It shows the project in the mountainous country west of Inle lake, a few miles northwest of Indein (20° 27' N, 96° 50' E) near the village of Htiganaing (20° 28' N, 96° 46' E). http://www.scribd.com/doc/47176385/Poison-Clouds-English

Additional information
Data summary: Upper Biluchaung
NLM, 15/02/12. http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs13/NLM2012-02-15.pdf

Deputy EPM-1 Myint Zaw visits the Upper Biluchaung hydropower project, located 14.4 miles southwest of Nyaungshwe [Yawnghwe] in Shan State South on 11/02/12. Construction work is underway on the project which is being jointly implemented by Hydropower Implementation Dept and the New Power Oasis Development Co on a B.O.T. basis. Upon completion, the project will have two generating stations: the first will be able to generate 90.1 million kilowatt hours and the secondn 44.3 million kwh annually.

NLM, 14/02/12. http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs13/NLM2012-02-14.pdf

Shan State Chief Minister Sao Aung Myat and Deputy EPM-1 Myint Zaw are present at an event initiating the diversion of the Upper Bilu Creek in connection with construction the Upper Bilu hydropower project on the creek. The event takes place at Intein village in Nyaungshwe [Yawnghwe] township on 11/02/12.

Pa-Oh Youth Organization, Poison Clouds: Lessons from Burma’s largest coal project at Tigyit, (Kyoju Action Network, January 2011, 54 pp) http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs11/PoisonClouds%28en%29.pdf

Upper Balu Creek, also known as Indein Creek, originates northwest of Pinlaung town in Shan State South. It flows for 40 miles before reaching the west bank of Inle Lake. It is one of the three main creeks that flow into the famous lake. At Indein village, Balu creek diverges into two branches. The south branch of the creek flows west of Paw Daw Oo Pagoda and the north branch of the creek flows near Ywama village into Inle Lake near Ywama village. The villages along the creek use the water not only for agriculture and transport but also for bathing. Farmers traditionally build small dams on the creek with bamboo to irrigate their paddy fields. However the government has started construction of a bigger 29-megawatt dam on the Upper Balu Creek together with the New Energy Oasis Development Company. The dam is less than one mile from the ancient Shwe Indein pagoda and the famous Phaung Taw Oo pagoda in Inle Lake. It is uncertain how this dam will affect water levels in Inle Lake as no public impact assessments have been conducted. [A good map showing the location of the Upper Balu hydropower project in relation to the coal mine and thermal plan at Tigyit as well as Inle lake is found on p 19 of Poison Clouds.]

NLM, 07/03/10. http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs08/NLM2010-03-07.pdf

The Special Projects Implementation Committee held a co-ordination meeting (1/2010) at the Operations Meeting Room of the office of the Commander-in-Chief (Army) in Nay Pyi Daw on 05/03/10. . . . At the meeting, EPM-1 Zaw Min reported that . . . the Ministry of Electric Power No 1 will jointly implement five projects with the investment of local national entrepreneurs. They are: the Upper Biluchaung hydropower project in Shan State South to generate 29 megawatts, the Htakha hydropower project in Kachin State to generate 6 megawatts, the Anyaphya hydropower project in Taninthayi division to generate 9 megawatts, the Yangon coal-fired power plant project in Yangon division to generate 270 megawatts and the Kawthoung coal-fired power plant project in Taninthayi division to generate 6 megawatts.

Tin Zar Zaw, Popular News, 09/12/09 http://popularmyanmarnews.com/epaper/?p=386

The State has begun cooperation with private companies to implement hydropower projects since November 2009. The Electricity Planning Dept ((HPID) of EPM-1 has signed an MoU with the Minn Anawrahta Co Ltd for the Upper Biluchaung project. The companies will carry out the projects under the Build, Operate and Transfer (BOT) [Compiler’s note: The information that the Minn Anawrahta Co would develop the Upper Biluchaung project was not confirmed and it appears that the New Power Oasis Development Co will proceed with the project.

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Appendix 23
MYANMAR REPORT ON POWER PLANS AND TRANSMISSION PROJECTS

Greater Mekong Region ADB Consultation, 21 November 2008.

http://www.adb.org/Documents/Events/Mekong/Proceedings/FG7-RPTCC7-Annex3.4-Myanmar-Presentation.pdf
This is a series of 27 slides which accompanied the Myanmar presentation at an ADB conference on potential interconnectivity projects in the electricity sector of countries in the Greater Mekong Subregion. The conference was held in Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam in November 2008. The Myanmar report covered four basic areas. Signficant points are touched on below.
(1) Institutional / Policy Framework for the ElectricitySector in Myanmar

Section 1) includes an organogram showing the different stages of the government’s administration of the electricity sector from the Electricity Supply Board in 1951 to the split into two government ministries in 2006. Organizational charts for the two ministries are also presented. Noted in the analysis of the regulatory framework of the electricity sector is the fact that policy in Myanmar is gradually shifting towards privatization and that local investors are allowed to participate in the sector as independent power producers for medium-sized hydropower projects.

(2) Status of Electricity Demand and Supply

Maps and charts showing the development and current status of installed capacity and peak generation in the electricity sector.

(3) Progress in Power Development Program

This section includes a list and map with details of 29 hydro electric power projects currently under construction and 14 HE projects to be developed in the future. A note indicating that as of November 2008 no new gas or steam turbines were under construction or planned for the future. However, MoUs for several new thermal projects have been signed with the private sector and with foreign firms since then.

Three charts are included: the first showing that there were 117 existing 230-kV, 132-kV and 66-kV tansmission lines totalling 3907 miles, the second showing there were 23 transmission lines under construction totalling 751 miles; also charts indicating 100 existing substations with a total output capacity of 4060 MVA and 15 substations under construction with a potential output of an additional 1063 MVA.
Three country-wide grid maps are included: the first showing transmission lines, hydropower stations and substations under construction at the time the report was presented , the second showing transmission lines and substations to be built by an unspecified future date, and a third presenting the national grid system including power stations, substations and transmission line grid as conceived at a future date, also not specified. These maps along with a brief commentary are included
(4) Developments in Power Cooperation with GMS Neighbors

This section includes a national map showing the location of future hydropower stations close to the borders of Myanmar that will eventually provide neighbouring states with electricity. It also includes information about the the Shweli-1 hydropower project, which was in process of coming online at the time of seminar and was the first of a considerable numbers of hydropower projects designed to supply power demand in neighbouring countries such as China, Thailand and India.

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Appendix 24
ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY IN MYANMAR
Hla Kyaw et al., Status and Potential for the Development of Biofuels and Rural Renewable Energy: Myanmar (ADB: Greater Mekong subregion Economic Cooperation Program, Manila, 2009, pp 10 - 11).

Edited and condensed. http://www.adb.org/Documents/Reports/Biofuels/biofuels-mya.pdf

The Central Statistical Organization (CSO) conducted a household income and expenditure survey in 1997 to determine the levels and patterns of household expenditure in urban and rural areas, and the standard of living of the households. The 1997 CSO survey found that 37% of households had access to electricity for lighting, and 72% of urban households and 18% of rural households had access to electricity. About 10% of urban households and 32% of rural households used batteries for lighting. Electricity was found to be the main source of light for urban households. Battery charging and generators were also used to provide electricity for households. More than 70% of the rural population still had difficulty accessing electricity.
A 2008 study by UNESCAP found that the electrification rate was only around 11%, and only 5.7 million people had access to electricity, while 45.1 million people were without access.
The Household Income and Expenditure Survey conducted by CSO in 1989, 1997, and 2001 provided data on the standard of living of households. It also showed how households in Myanmar use different kinds of energy sources for cooking. Fuelwood is the major energy source for 73.3% of households in the country, and it was the major source of energy for 42% of urban households and 93% of rural households. 17% of the households surveyed — 42% urban households and 4% rural households — used charcoal as a source of energy for cooking. Less than 1% of the country’shouseholds used gas.
To improve living standards, Myanmar should make greater use of energy in the form of electricity, gas, petroleum, or fuel oil. Data on production and distribution of petroleum oil and natural gas should be examined to help assess the country’s energy security. Myanmar is in a favorable position to produce a substantial amount of natural gas from both inland and offshore reserves totaling 454,799 million cubic feet. Annual export of natural gas is increasing. Gas exports jumped from 65,359 million cubic feet in FY2001 to 335,525 million cubic feet in FY2005. There might be a trade-off between the purchase of diesel and the export of natural gas.
Between 2000 and 2004, electricity production in Myanmar grew at an average annual rate of 5.9%. Per capita consumption of electricity was 45 kilowatt hours in 2004. Total installed capacity increased from 1,173.3 megawatts (MW) in FY2000 to 1,718.56 MW by the end of FY2008.

Additional references
See above: ‘Power dam projects to benefit foreigners: Enviro groups’ (IRROL: 31/01/11)
Thomas Kean, Myanmar Times, 04/01/10. (Issue 504)

http://mmtimes.com/2010/news/504/50403.html

Energy exports, mining and construction will fuel annual Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth of 8.6 percent to 2030, an Asian Development Bank (ADB) report says. Electrification, or the percentage of households connected to the electricity grid, is projected to rise to 80pc over the same period, while primary energy demand will increase by 2.6pc annually, slightly above projections for the region and almost double the global average. Edito Barcelona, a consultant with the ADB who worked on the report, Energy Outlook for Asia and the Pacific, said the GDP growth projection was based on government policies and other information reported by Myanmar government officials during ASEAN meetings and workshops. “In modelling, we assumed that this GDP growth could come from energy exports such as oil, natural gas and hydroelectricity which would also spur growth in other sectors of the economy,” Mr Barcelona said. “To reach 80pc [electrification] in 2030, Myanmar needs to invest in increasing its electricity generating facilities, extension of its transmission and distribution lines as well as substation capacities to currently un-electrified areas in the country,” he said. “Myanmar has huge potential for hydroelectric generation and is even capable of exporting electricity beyond 2030,” he said.

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Appendix 25
MONG KHOK COAL RESERVES STIR INTEREST IN STEAM DRIVEN POWER PLANT

http://www.adb.org/Documents/Events/Mekong/Proceedings/FG7-RPTCC7-Annex3.4-Myanmar-Presentation.pdf
During a power point presentation in November 2008 at an ADB-sponsored seminar on electric power connectivity plans in the Mekong sub-region, Myanmar delegates showed a map that pin-pointed the location of a future steam-driven generating plant to be built at Mong Khok [Khot] in eastern Shan State.   The station was projected to have a generating capacity of 270 megawatts and to be connected through 230 -kVa transmission lines to a substation at Tachilek across the border from Mae Sai in north-eastern Thailand.
As noted in the news items below, the Saraburi Coal Co, a subsidiary of the Italthai Group in Bangkok, has been in discussions since 2008 with military representatives of the Myanmar government leading to a possible concession to develop a lignite coal mine in the Mong Khok valley. The question of whether Saraburi will ship its coal to Thailand or work with a partner to set up a power plant at Mong Khok or, perhaps, to do both is still up in the air. Saraburi already operates another coal mine near Mawtaung in southern Burma under a co-operation agreement with the military-owned Myanmar Economic Corporation (MEC).