Electrical industry of burma/myanmar

Online Burma/Myanmar Library

http://burmalibrary.org/

OBL, which hosts this compendium, provides links to a vast array of publications, articles, websites and other sources of information and opinion about Burma/Myanmar. For starters on the ‘electrical industry’, consult the following sections of OBL’s ‘Main Library’ division: Economy > Industry > Manufacturing > Electrical; and Economy > Infrastructure > Energy. OBL’s ‘Reading Room’ provides permanent archives and useful links to countless publications in English and other languages that are referred to in this compendiurm.

Palang Thai

www.palangthai.org/

This website hosts a variety of informative articles, blogs, slide shows, workshop and project descriptions, etc, that focus on alternative and renewable sources of energy and electricity in Thailand and Burma/ Myanmar. One of the more recent documents on the site, ‘Clean, Affordable Decentralized Energy Options – Burma’, features a set of slides and notes prepared by Chris Greacen for a seminar designed for groups working on energy issues in Burma and Thailand in Chiang Mai in January 2011. Another slide presentation, apparently at the same conference, offers useful material for comparing the power sectors in the two countries, although the illustrative examples are more complete for Thailand. Compendium users interested in ‘big picture’ energy and electricity issues will find much to occupy their attention in the ‘Policy Analysis’ and ‘Document Download’ sections of the website, while those with a special interest in the Thai-Burma border area will be attracted to the ‘hands-on’ articles available in the ‘Border Green Energy Section’.

Salween Watch

http://www.salweenwatch.org/

The Salween Watch bills itself as ‘a coalition of organizations and NGOs that deal with Burma-related environmental issues’. ‘It was set up with the primary aim of preventing the building of harmful hydro-electric power dams on the Salween (Thanlwin) river.’ The site is updated regularly and provides ready access to recent publications by coalition members. A newsletter is available. Fourteen issues of the Salween Watch Update from February 1999 to March 2003 are available through a permanent archive maintained by the On-line Burma Library http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/ The SW archive can be accessed directly through OBL’s ‘Main Lbrary’ division: Economy > Infrastructure > Energy > Hydroelectric > Dams.

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Appendix 12


THAUKYAYKHAT -1 HYDEL POWER PROJECT: NOTES
Compiler’s Note: Two hydropower projects are underway on the Thaukyaykhat river which flows into the Sittaung river just above the town of Htantabin in Bago Region. For the main article and other items on the Thaukyaykhat-2 hydropower project on the lower part of the Thaukyaykihat previously included in Appendix 12, see ELIP013. References in Appendix 12 are now limited to items relating to the Thaukyaykhat-1 project on the upper part of the Thaukyakhat. It is still on the planning boards of EPM-1 and seems destined to stay there for the foreseeable future. .
Plans for a hydropower project on the Thaukyekhat go back to the late 60s and early 70s. An interim report published jointly by Engineering Consultants, Inc of Denver, Colorado, and the Electric Power Corporation of Burma in Sept 1973 gave details. A bibliographical entry can be found in R. Lee Hadden, The Geology of Burma (Myanmar): An Annotated Bibliography of Burma’s Geology, Geography and Earth Science, 2008, p 100. http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA487552&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf
Topographic map reference: Burma 1:250,000: Series U542, U.S. Army Map: NE 47-05: Toungoo

Thaukyaykhat creek dam, near Tonbo [18° 55' N, 96° 37' E], grid square reference: 9\9, 26\1

http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/burma/txu-oclc-6924198-ne47-5.jpg
A sketch map entitled ‘Toungoo (Taw Oo) District’ showing the location of the Thaukyaykhat-2 dam is available on the website of the Karen Human Rights Group (KHRG). http://www.khrg.org/maps/index.html The location of the Thaukyaykhat-1 dam on the upper part of the river has not been made public. On the KHRG map the rivers are identified by their Karen names. Perhaps the Thaukyaykhat-1 dam would be located just below the point where Klay Loh Gkloh flows into upper part of the ‘Day Loh Gkloh’.
Additional references:
Project data Thaukyegat-1
NLM, 28/08/11) http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs11/NLM2011-08-28.pdf

Plans are underway to implement the following hydropower projects in the Sittoung river basin: Middle Paunglaung (100 megawatts), Thaukyaykhat -1 (150 megawatts) and Bawgata (160 megawatts).

NLM, 22/03/09. http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs6/NLM2009-03-22.pdf

EPM-1 Zaw Min reports that plans to implement the Thaukyekhat-1 and Bawgata hydropower projects are underway.

NLM, 01/02/00. http://mission.itu.ch/MISSIONS/Myanmar/00nlm/n000301.htm

On a visit to Thandaunggyi, SPDC Secretary No 2 Tin Oo mentions that the Thaukyaykhat hydel power project is now under way.

NLM, 12/11/99. http://mission.itu.ch/MISSIONS/Myanmar/99nlm/n991112.htm

At an SPIC meeting EPM Tin Htut presents a feasibility study on implementating the 150-MW Thaukyekhat hydel power project in Thandaung township.

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Appendix 13
SOUTH NAWIN HYDEL POWER PROJECT: NOTES

Monywa Copper Mine Electric Power Plant Project by BOL Scheme, Engineering Consulting Firms Association -- Japan, [late 2004].

http://www.ecfa.or.jp/japanese/act-pf/H16/minkatsu_Myanmar_Eng.pdf [doc, p.18]

According to a long range plan for development of hydropower resources developed in 2001 by the Planning Dept of the Ministry of Electric Power, two single megawatt generators were to be installed at the South Nawin dam which was expacted to produce 10 million kWh annually. Procurement of the turbine generator sets was said to be underway. Completion was scheduled for 2003.

Additional references
Data summary: South Nawin
NLM, 01/06/03. http://www.myanmargeneva.org/03nlm/n030601.htm

Lt-Gen Khin Maung Than of the MoD visited the South Nawin Dam . At the briefing hall, officials reported on facts about the dam, water storage capacity, irrigation of farmlands including some 54,000 acres of monsoon paddy and 16,000 acres of summer paddy, cultivation of paddy and other crops with the use of water from the dam. At the site of South Nawin hydel power project, Deputy EPM Myo Myint and D-G Win Kyaw of Hydel Power Department reported on the project.

NLM, 15/06/01. http://mission.itu.ch/MISSIONS/Myanmar/01nlm/n010625.htm

Secretary-1 Khin Nyunt and party went to South Nawin Dam in Paukkhaung township where A&IMin Nyunt Tin reported on the condition of generating electricity from the dam. Later, they inspected the dam and the site where a penstock has been installed and the site chosen for construction of a hydro-electric power station.

Irrigation Dept website, [n.d.]. www.irrigation.gov.mm/works/majorirrigationworksconstructed.html

The South Nawin dam is in Paukkhaung township, Bago Division. It is an earthen type, having a length of 16,674 feet and a height of 141 feet. The storage capacity at full level is 287,000 acre-feet. The potential for irrigation is 62,500 acres of command area and 98,100 acres of cropping area. The main canal covers 32 miles and the lateral canals 177 miles. Construction commenced in 1985-86 and came to completion in 1994-95. The opening took place on 28/04/95..

Irrigation Dept website, [n.d.]. www.irrigation.gov.mm/works/datarelativetomajorirrigationwork.html

South Nawin in Paukkhaung township, 5082 m long, 32 m high, storage capacity, 354,015,000 cu m completed in 1995-96.

U.S. Dept of Labor website, Report on Labor Projects in Burma, Appendix III, Infrastructure Projects using Unpaid Labour 1988-1996, Sept 1998.

http://www.dol.gov/dol/ilab/public/media/reports/ofr/burma/main.htm#AP3

The U.S. Department of Labor has identified the South Nawin Dam, built by the Burmese regime with planning and engineering paid for by the Government of Japan, as having used some 260,000 forced laborers during the mid 90s.

NLM, 29/04/95. http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs3/BPS95-04.pdf [doc, p 95]

SLORC Secretary No 2 Lt-Gen Tin Oo spoke at the inauguration of South Nawin dam in Paukkhaung township. It will irrigate 62,500 acres of catchment area and 98,100 acres of plantations. In his address Gen Tin Oo said the Overseas Economic Co-operation Fund (OECF) of Japan had conducted a survey for drafting the Project for Allround Development of the Upper Sector of Ayeyawady Delta Region from 1977 to 1979. Based on the report, consultants of the Sanyu Group were hired to draw the design for the dam beginning in April 1983. He also referred to the hundreds of thousands who had "contributed voluntary labor" for the dam. The dam cost K 1,473 million, of which K 438 million (Yen 8,150 million) was in foreign exchange loaned by the OECF of Japan. Ambassador of Japan to Myanmar Takashi Tajima expressed pleasure at the completion of the dam.

WPD, 20/08/88. www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs3/BPS88-08A.pdf [doc, p.21]

Under the South Nawin Dam Project launched in 1985-86, construction work is under way. When finished, it will supply water to 62,500 acres of land and 94,900 acres of crops.

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Appendix 14
POWER TRADING IN THE GREATER MEKONG SUB-REGION (GMS)

David Fruitman, Review of the Energy Sector Integration in the Greater Mekong Sub-Region: A Focus on the Electricity sub-Sector (Hanoi Resource Centre, CUTS International, February 2007). Excerpts.

http://www.cuts-international.org/HRC/pdf/PB-2-07.pdf
The GMS is generally considered to consist of five nations – Cambodia, Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam – as well as parts of the People’s Republic of China (PRC). As a whole, the GMS encompasses an area of over 2.5 million sq km and, as of 2004, the region had a population of approximately 313 million people. Within this region, there is incredible diversity with respect to economic development, political and legal structures. The greatest linkage between these countries from an economic perspective is their mutual access to the Mekong River – one of the most important natural resources of the region. While the GMS is rich in energy sources, it is also a region with growing energy demands, uneven distribution of energy resources and shifting needs with respect to sources of energy.
The GMS is particularly well situated to take advantage of the benefits of increased energy sector co-ordination. Focusing on the electrical sub-sector, from a supply and demand perspective, GMS members generally have significant imbalances between current and forecasted demands and available and economically viable power generation resources. The high level of electricity demand in Thailand and the growth of demand as Vietnam’s industrial sector develops, explain why they are the main destinations of electricity transfers in the planned regional power interconnections. At the same time, potential benefits of integration reflect the degree of surplus energy resources in the other GMS members, particularly in Lao PDR, which already exports most of its generated hydroelectric power and recognises power exports as a valuable source of capital. With their proximity to high demand markets and surplus in resources, Lao PDR and Myanmar are, therefore, in a particularly good position to reap significant additional benefits from increasing power exports to Thailand and Vietnam.
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Table 2: Increasing Energy Needs in the GMS: Peak Demand (MW)

Thailand Lao PDR Cambodia Vietnam Total (non co-incident)

2000 14,918 167 114 4,890 20,089

2005 21,222 280 280 7,877 29,659

2010 28,912 442 529 12,589 42,472

2015 38,519 618 799 19,169 59,105

2020 51,359 784 1,156 28,739 82,038
Source: H.S. Woldstad, T. Holtedahl, G.L. Doorman.

Large Scale Power Exchange in the Greater Mekong Subregion. 2004.

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Table 3: Increasing Energy Needs in the GMS: Energy Requirements (GWh)

Thailand Lao PDR Cambodia Vietnam Total (non co-incident)

2000 96,781 865 586 26,722 124,954

2005 134,794 1,528 1,329 44,230 181,881

2010 184,213 2,468 2,502 72,014 261,197

2015 245,948 3,472 3,848 111,333 364,601

2020 328,429 4,437 5,720 169,428 508,014
Source: H.S. Woldstad, T. Holtedahl, G.L. Doorman.

Large Scale Power Exchange in the Greater Mekong Subregion. 2004.

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Geographically, the proximity of the GMS countries as well as their ties through the Mekong river makes economic international power interconnections and trade practical. In 1998, the Experts Group on Power Interconnection and Trade (EGP) was created to promote the development of a GMS transmission network and facilitate the expansion of cross-border power trade. In addition, the EPF and EGP adopted a Policy Statement on Regional Power Trade in 1999, which was subsequently adopted at the GMS Ministerial Meeting in January 2000. The Policy Statement was intended to provide a framework for promoting opportunities for extended economic cooperation on regional power trade and facilitating the implementation of priority power projects in the GMS. It called for an intergovernmental agreement to advance regional electricity trade. This represented a significant commitment by GMS ministers to integrating national power systems into a regional grid. An ADB technical assistance project (2000-02) -- the Regional Indicative Master Plan on Power Interconnection in the GMS -- strongly supported the case for economic and environmental benefits arising from regionally harmonising the development of power systems in the GMS. It recommended significant investments in power plants, transformer stations and the development of a high capacity interconnection grid with the goal of linking the GMS electricity pool.
The signing of the Intergovernmental Agreement (IGA) on Regional Power Trade in 2002 accelerated this integration process. The IGA, fully ratified by all GMS members by 2005, represented a strong ministerial commitment by each of the signatories to help implement priority power projects and to address technical, economic, financial and institutional issues in promoting power trade. The IGA also supported a transfer of generation from thermal to hydroelectric. It called for the establishment of the Regional Power Trade Coordination Committee (RPTCC) to actively coordinate the implementation of regional power trade. The RPTCC was established in 2004 with a number of explicit responsibilities to finalise an operating agreement setting out the rules of regional power trade – the Regional Power Trade Operating Agreement (RPTOA) and make recommendations for the overall policy and day-to-day management of regional power trade.
An MoU on the Guidelines for the Implementation of first stage of the operating agreement was signed in 2005. It set out the rules and guidelines for bilateral power trading as part of the gradual process towards cross-border power interconnections and efficient and reliable power trading among the GMS countries. Two sub-groups of the RPTCC were established in 2006. The Focal Group was meant to coordinate the implementation of the RPTCC activities in each GMS country and the Planned Working Group was created to perform priority activities of the RPTCC, such as determining training requirements, and setting pricing rules and technical standards.
An ADB report (2007) on the benefits of a co-ordinated approach to the energy among GMS countries cites four rationales for a regional approach to the energy sector in the GMS: 1) topographical features of energy supply options do not correspond to national boundaries and there may be overall supply cost reductions with international source options; 2) individual markets may be too small to justify large scale investments needed to achieve scale efficiency; 3) cross-border energy supply provides diversification of sources and thus increases energy security; and 4) environmental implications that transcend national boundaries need to be integrated in energy planning if sustainable development is to be achieved. Nevertheless, a significant amount of energy is still being imported into GMS member countries – particularly hydrocarbon fuels and electricity. An interconnected energy market is expected to reduce the need for fuel imports by supplanting significant amounts of thermal energy with hydroelectric power. This will have both supply and environmental impacts throughout the GMS. Thailand’s recent efforts to reduce its reliance on higher costing natural gas generated power and the environmental protests over its proposals to build new coal facilities evidence the importance of these issues. These benefits are not only driven by high energy demand of GMS members like Thailand, but also by the developing economies of presently low energy demand members such as Cambodia where it can be expected that greater percentages of the population will be put on the grid and/or switch a portion of their energy usage from fuel wood.
Enhanced co-ordination, increased investment and exploration, and increased energy trade would create larger markets justifying not only the economies of scale, but also potential economies of scope. These scope economies would not only increase energy security through source diversification, but could also reduce energy production costs (particularly with respect to peak load generation) and increase reliability. Further, increased investments may also lead to improved quality of energy supplied throughout the interconnected regional grid. It may be expected that regional power trading and an interconnected electricity market would lead to increased investments and necessitate closer economic and legal co-operation within the GMS. The co-ordinated approach to the power sector could also increase the efficiency of investments, and might even reduce total investments in generation capacity required across the GMS. A regional power market could also lead to more efficient resource exploitation and generation as new resources are discovered throughout the region. In addition to providing more efficient power generation, this might also increase the speed at which generation of assets become available which could foster improvements to national grid and distribution of power to the rural population.
The recent efforts by Thailand to address its projected energy shortages evidence the rationale for broader GMS energy sector integration. Faced with a shortage of generation assets, Thailand has recently explored initiatives to develop marine gas pipelines with Myanmar, increase coal imports from Myanmar, increase investments in hydroelectric and hydrocarbon generation facilities in Lao PDR and Myanmar and has even entered into discussions with the PRC about future electricity imports. In addition, Thailand has joined other GMS members in exploring the potential to add nuclear generation to its energy supply options. From Thailand’s perspective, it thus appears that efficient energy planning involves co-operation in more than just the electricity sub-sector. The decision by the GMS members to change the name of the EPF in 2004 and the ongoing ADB project signify their desire to explore expanding trade and integration efforts beyond the electricity sub-sector. More detail with respect to the benefits of integration and cooperation in the electricity sub-sector and broader energy sector are provided in the May 2007 interim report.
Map references

To locate planned and completed hydropower dams and facilities along the Mekong and its tributaries, see the map on slide 4 of China Hydropower Investment in the Mekong Region – Impacts and Opportunities for Co-operation, as presented by Zao Noam and Pianporn Deetes of SEARIN at the China-ASEAN Power Co-operation and Development Forum 2007. http://burmalibrary.org/docs2/ChinaHydroPowerInMekon.pdf

For maps showing two scenarios for power trade connections between Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam, see Power Integration in the Lower Mekong, a power point presentation prepared by Thierry Lefevre, Jean-Marc Alexandre, Jessie L. Todoc of the Centre for Energy Environment Resources Development (CEERD) for national consultations in Bangkok in 2005. This document also presents useful background information on the countries and areas represented in the GMS and initiatives directed towards power interconnections between them. It includes a somewhat dated list of electricity generating projects under planning and development in Laos and Cambodia. The maps are on slide 16.

www.onep.go.th/eia/SEA/NationalWorkshop/PresentationMeeting_SEAworkshop/Power_Integration_in_LMC.ppt
Additional references
See above: ‘Chinese engineers planning grid connection with Burma (IRROL: 23/01/10)

'Myanmar, Thailand begin work on controversial Tasang dam' (AFP: 05/04/07)

‘Agreement signed for Upper Kachin hydropower projects’ (NLM: 02/01/07)

‘South Korea’s KEPCO to study improving power transmission system’ (MT: 31/07/06)

'Tribe's home to be a valley of the dammed' (London Times: 22/03/06)

‘Hydropower Dept and EGAT ink agreement on Hutgyi project (NLM: 10/12/05)

‘Power purchase deal between Thailand and Burma on the way’ (Nation: 27/05/97)
Xinhua: 16/12/11. Excerpt.

http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/usa/china/2011-12/16/content_14279772.htm

In October 2008, the six 100MW generation units of Shweli River Hydropower Station, currently the largest BOT hydropower project in Myanmar, were officially connected to China Southern Power Grid and began to supply power to China. In 2010, China Southern Power Grid bought a total of 1.72 billion kilowatt-hours of power from the Shweli River and the Dapein hydropower stations in Myanmar. By the end of August 2011, China had imported a total of 4.868 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity from Myanmar

Zha Daojiong, Visiting Research Fellow, S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies (RSIS), Nanyang Technological University, 18/10/11. Summary. http://www.eurasiareview.com/18102011-china-and-its-southern-neighbours-issues-in-power-connectivity/

This article looks at the risks and potential upside of developing cross-border power trading in the Greater Mekong basin countries in the light of the recent suspension by Myanmar of the Myitsone hydropower project. “As part of the GMS development agenda, interconnectivity across the borders of China and its southern neighbours constitutes an integral part of a regional power trade market. Hydropower development creates its share of problems but needs to seen in the context of dealing with energy poverty challenges as well. China – its state-owned energy companies and investment bank in particular – must be more creative in managing socio-political risks in power development projects in continental Southeast Asia, including Myanmar. There is no alternative to transparency in project decision-making and operation of energy infrastructure projects such as hydropower dams.”

Utpal Bhaskar, Live Myint, 20/06/10. Excerpt. Edited. .

http://www.livemint.com/2011/06/18015106/Fresh-attempt-to-revive-two-My.html?atype=tp

NHPC Ltd, the public sector power generation firm, hopes to submit a revised detailed project report (DPR) for the Tamanthi hydropower project in Myanmar by December. Priority will be given to the Tamanthi project, following which an updated DPR for Shwezaye will be submitted. A well-prepared DPR would be the basis for the execution of the two capital-intensive projects, which would cost an estimated Rs 25,000 crore, including a the building of a transmission link to India. A power transmission link with Myanmar would help create an electricity grid of countries of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). The SAARC grid envisages meeting electricity demands and boosting economic and political ties in the region

Agreement signed during visit of General Than Shwe to India, 29/07/10.

http://www.burmanet.org/news/2010/07/29/mea-government-of-india-joint-statement-during-the-visit-of-chairman-state-peace-and-development-council-of-myanmar/

The Agreement mentions “the need to provide for inter-grid connectivity between the two countries” and a willingness to “cooperate in this area” of and that of “generation of electricity from renewable sources, and, where necessary, [to] set up joint projects or corporate entities for that purpose”.

NLM, 02/04/08. http://www.myanmargeneva.org/08nlm/n080402.htm

Prime Minister Thein Sein of the Union of Myanmar attended the Third Summit of Greater Mekong Sub-region held at Convention Hall Zone A of Don Chan Palace Hotel in Vientiane of Lao People's Democratic Republic on 31 March. . . . At the signing ceremony of the MoU and Joint Summit Declaration (JSD), . . . Minister for National Planning and Economic Development U Soe Tha and Ministers of GMS countries signed an MoU on the Road Map for Implementing GMS Cross-Border Power Trading before the leaders of GMS countries.

Frank Zeller, AFP, as reported in the Myanmar Times, 31/03/08. http://www.mmtimes.com/no412/n006.htm

Leaders from the six Mekong River countries are meeting in Laos for two days this week to discuss closer integration, mainly through new transport corridors and a regional power grid. The Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) groups China’s southern Yunnan and Guangxi provinces with Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos, and Myanmar. Initiated by the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the group was founded in 1992 to boost economic growth and reduce poverty in the countries that share the Mekong, Southeast Asia’s largest river. . . . GMS leaders previously met in Phnom Penh in 2002 and China in 2005. The summit is the “highest-level affirmation of the desire and willingness to continue to incorporate as a subregion,” said John Cooney, the ADB’s infrastructure division director for Southeast Asia. . . . The Manila-based ADB has also promoted the idea of a regional power grid. “One country can share its surplus capacity with another country,” said Cooney. “The power demanding countries – Vietnam, Thailand, to a lesser extent Cambodia – require power imports. Laos has power for export, as does Myanmar.”

Report of ASIA 2008: 2^nd International Symposium on Water Resources and Renewable Development in Asia, 10-11 March, 2008. http://www.hydropower-dams.com/hd_70_0.htm

Nearly 500 participants representing 40 countries assembled in Danang, Vietnam, for ASIA 2008. The event was organized by the International Journal on Hydropower & Dams (Aqua-Media International), and co-hosted by Electricity of Vietnam. . . . The session on hydro potential focused especially on the Greater Mekong Subregion (Cambodia, Lao PDR, Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar, and the neighbouring provinces in PR China). It was demonstrated that several of these countries have a very rapid growth in demand, and also that all the countries have vast hydropower potential and an impressive number of projects currently under construction and planned. Delegates heard of preparations in these countries for power trading opportunities, assisted by the Asian Development Bank.A team from the ADB late led discussions on project finance, which included the management of risk, and legal aspects.

China Power Investment Corp website information, 21/05/07.

http://eng.cpicorp.com.cn/news.do?cmd=show&id=24580

On 21 May 2007, CPI South China Branch signed a co-operation agreement on co-development of hydropower projects in the N’mai Hka River, Mali Hka River and Irrawaddy river basins in Myanmar with South China Grid Corp (CSG). The two companies have become strategic partners in the project. Compiler’s note: CSG operates in the five southern provinces of the PRC where it assumes responsibility for the construction and management of cross-regional power transmission as well as the purchase and sale of power and the financing of power projects "at home and abroad". According to the company website, there is a total installed capacity of 79,540 MW in the region with transmission lines of 229 kV and higher spanning 41,005 km and substation capacity of 138,400,000 kVA. CSG says it has been particularly active in promoting the process of Greater Mekong Sub-region power co-operation.

Forum of the Heads of ASEAN Power Utilities/Authorities (HAPUA), 10–11 October 2006. http://www.asean-sustainable-energy.net/documents/libraries/001/HAPUASecretary%20akhir%20Bangkok%206-10-06.pdf

HAPUA has been tasked by SOME/AMEM to pursue an integrated and coordinated development program for an ASEAN power grid project through conducting a master plan study for regional electricity interconnection (AIMS). Included in the list of eleven interconnection projects based on the long-term power development optimization plan is a 1500-MW HVAC grid between Myanmar and Thailand for possible implementation by 2013. The masterplan study was started in 2000 and completed by 2003.

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