Electrical industry of burma/myanmar
CP011: MAJOR DOMESTIC HYDROPOWER STATIONS: OPERATIONAL DATA
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- CP012: THERMAL POWER STATIONS : OPERATIONAL DATA Station and Location Startup MW Type Fuel Equipment Station Supplier Capacity MW
- CP013: THERMAL POWER PROJECTS UNDER PLANNING OR IMPLMENTATION
- CP014: FOREIGN INVESTMENT DRIVEN HYDROPOWER PROJECTS
- CP020: EXISTING TRANSMISSION SYSTEM: MID-2007
- ANX ANNEXES Annex 1: NATIONAL HIGH-VOLTAGE GRID SYSTEM AND MAPS
CP011: MAJOR DOMESTIC HYDROPOWER STATIONS: OPERATIONAL DATA Station Location Startup MW Equipment Annual Dam Storage Type Date Cap Suppliers GWh height acre-ft target4 width thousand feet Kyee-ohn Kyee-wa Pwintbyu, Magwe 01/12 74 China 370 201 3535 M-P (ELHS053) Guangdong 3280 Shwegyin Shwegyin 10/11 75 China 262 185 1685 HP (sg) Bago East Gezhouba 3600 Yeywa Pyinoolwin tsp 12/10 780 CITIC 3550 433 2114 HP (yy) Mandalay Synohydro 2264 CNEEC
CHMC Kengtawng Mongnei, Shan S 03/09 54 CNEEC 378 975 RoR HP (kf) ZOHG Shweli-1 Namkhan, Shan N 05/09 600 YMEC 4022 154? HP (sl-1) Synohydro 531 Khabaung Ottwin, Bago E 03/08 30 CHMC 120 200 879 M-P (kb) CNEEC 920 Pathi3 Toungoo, Bago E 01/08 2 8 90 30.5 M-P (pt) 2500 Yenwe Kyaukdaga, Bago E 02/07 25 CNEEC 123 251 932 M-P (yw) CITIC 1050 Malikha5 (mk) Waingmaw, Kachin 2007 10.5 Chinese 45 ? HP Paunglaung Pyinmana, Mandalay 03/05 280 YMEC 911 430 559 M-P (pg) 3084 Sedoktara Sedoktara, Magwe W 01/05 75 CITIC 330 200 674 M-P (mn) YMEC 4320 Thaphanseik Kyunhla, Sagaing 06/02 30 CITIC 117 108 2880 M-P (tp) 22578 Zaungtu Bago, Bago E 03/00 20 YMEC 76 147 330 M-P (zt) 5896 Zawgyi No 2 Lawksawk, Shan S 03/00 12 YMEC 30 145 n.a. M-P (zg) SFECO 2550 Zawgyi No 1 Lawksawk, Shan S 10/98 18 YMEC 30 RoR RoR HP (zg) SFECO Sonphu5 (sp) Pangsang, Shan N 1999 8.5 Chinese ? ? ? HP Nantpan Creek Bilu No 1 Loikaw, Kayah 08/92 28 Japanese 200 36 n.a. HP (lp) 1736 Sedawgyi Madaya, Mandalay 06/89 25 n.a. 134 133 1201 M-P (sd) 4120 Kinda Myittha, Mandalay 01/86 56 n.a. 165 236 874 M-P (kd) 2034 Bilu No 2 (2nd) Loikaw, Kayah 1974 84 Japanese 600 108 n.a. HP (lp) n.a. Bilu No 2 (1st) Loikaw, Kayah 1960 84 Japanese 600 RoR2 RoR HP (lp) HP = Dam water used mainly to generate electricity M-P = Dam water used for both crop irrigation and to generate electricity RoR = Turbines depend on natural water flow rather than dam GWh = Gigawatt hours = 1 million kilowatt hours --------------------------------------------------- NLM, 15/05/09. http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs07/NLM2009-05-15.pdf A feature article in NLM, dated 15/05/09, put the total installed generating capacity of hydropower stations in the country at 1321 MW. An additional 100-MW turbine-generator set being installed at the Shweli-1 power station at the time was expected to raise this total to 1421 MW. 1As reported in NLM: 24/05/01. According to the records of the Irrigation Dept of the MoA, the maximum capacity of the reservoir as originally constructed in the 70s was 360,000 acre-feet. 2The first phase of the Baluchaung-2 power station was built according to ‘run of the river’ specifications. After the Moebye dam came into operation, the first phase turbine-generators like those of the second phase, used water sourced from the dam. 3The Pathi station is a not a major power producer by any stretch of the imagination. But it is included in this summary because it is connected to the national power grid at Toungoo and is occasionally included in statistics quoted by government ministers when citing the total capacity of the Myanmar power plants. 4As of the completion of Yeywa power station in December 2010, the combined reported production capacity of all the operating hydropower generating stations connected to the national grid system would be 11964 GWh annually. According to data provided to the Central Statistical Organization by MEPE, 4180.51 GWh were produced by the hydropower stations for distribution to the national grid in the the 2009-10 fiscal year. A report in Decmber 2010 indicated that the Shweli-1 power station had provided approximately 3000 GWh to the Yunnan grid during the period Jan-Nov, 2010. 5Neither the Malikha or the Sonphu stations are connected to the national grid system. Both are operated independently of the state-owned electricity company MEPE, although MEPE transmissions lines carry the electricity generated by the Malikha station to Waingmaw and Myitkyina. The website of the Global Energy Observatory has data information on many of the operating power stations in Myanmar. http://globalenergyobservatory.com/ The easiest way to check for information is to do a google search using the words Global Energy Observatory and the name of the power station, e.g. Yeywa. ================================================================================== CP012: THERMAL POWER STATIONS: OPERATIONAL DATA Station and Location Startup MW Type Fuel Equipment Station Supplier Capacity MW Ywama (Insein) Yangon 1958 30 Steam Coal British & Hungarian 301 (ym) 1975 36.9 Gas Gas British 66.9 2004 24 Gas Gas Japanese? 60.9 2004 9.4 Steam Combined-cycle Japanese? 70.3
1999 54.3 Steam Combined-cycle Japanese 154.2 Thaketa Yangon 1990 57 Gas Gas Japanese 57 (tt) 1997 35 Steam Combined-cycle Japanese 92 Hlawga (Mingaladon) Yangon 1996 99.9 Gas Gas Euro Gas 99.9 (hg) 1999 54.3 Steam Combined-cycle Japanese 154.2 Kyunchaung (Pakokku) Magwe W 1974 54.3 Gas Gas British? 54.3 (ky) Mann (Minbu) Magwe W 1980 36.9 Gas Gas British? 36.9 (mn) Shwedaung (Pyay) Bago W (sd) 1984 55.35 Gas Gas British? 55.35 Myanaung, Ayeyawaddy 1975 34.7 Gas Gas Euro Gas 34.7 (my) 1984 33 Gas Gas Hitachi 67.7 2 generators to Thaton 2001 - 33 34.7
2 generators from Myanaung 2001 33 Gas Gas 51 Mawlamyaing, Mon (ml) 1980 12 Steam Coal2 Chinese? 12 Kanma (Pakokku) Magwe (kn) 1998 8.72 Gas Gas ? 8.72 Chauk, Magwe E (ck) ? 14? Gas? Gas? ? 14? Tigyit (Pinlaung) Shan S 2005 60 Steam Coal Chinese 60 (tg) 2006 60 Steam Coal Chinese 120 NLM, 07/03/10. http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs08/NLM2010-03-07.pdf On 05/03/10, EPM-2 Khin Maung Myint informed a meeting of the Special Projects Implementation Committee in Nay Pyi Taw about plans to repair thermal power plants in various parts of the country. The list included major repairs to No 3 turbine of the Ywama power plant, to No 1 turbine of the Ahlon power plant, to the Hlawga, Ahlon and Thakayta recycle steam turbines, to the Hlawga power plant, to the Thakayta power plant, to No 3 turbine at the Kyunchaung power plant, to the Shwedaung power plant, to the Myanaung power plant, to the steam turbine at the Mawlamyine power plant and to the Thaton power plant. NLM, 15/05/09. http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs07/NLM2009-05-15.pdf A feature article in NLM, dated 15/05/09, put the total current generating capacity of thermal power stations in the country (including Tigyit) at 843.62 MW. 1 The old steam turbine at Ywama appears to have been phased out in 2003. 2 The old steam turbine at Ahlon appears to have been phased out by the mid-90s. 3 The station at Mawlamyaing was converted to gas-fuelled in 2007. The website of the Global Energy Observatory has data information on many of the operating power stations in Myanmar. http://globalenergyobservatory.com/ The easiest way to check for information is to do a google search using the words Global Energy Observatory and the name power station, e.g. Myanaung. ================================================================================== CP013: THERMAL POWER PROJECTS UNDER PLANNING OR IMPLMENTATION Station and Location Proposed MW Type Fuel Current Latest Companies Capacity Status Report Date
Htantabin, YangReg (yi) Htoo Trading Nantahin, Kalewa tsp, (nt) 600? Steam Coal Planning 07/10 China Guodian Sagaing Region 05/10 (TunThwin Mining) Kawthoung, Taninthayi (kt) 6 Steam Coal Under 03/12 Than Phyo Thu construction 03/10 Mining Co Mong Khok, Monghsat tsp 405? Steam Coal Sampling 07/11 Italian-Thai Shan East (gk) 270? Site work 05/11 (Saraburi Coal) Dawei seaport, Yebyu tsp 6000 Steam Coal Cancelled 01/12 PTT (Thailand) Taninthayi (ds) (ELEP042) Under 03/12 Ratchaburi review
Location Annual Status report start up finish Foreign GWh date date date (Myanmar) target
Mong Yu, Mawlaik tsp n.a. Feasibility study? 05/10 (Tun Thwin Mining)
Thakohta, Hlaingbwe tsp n.a. Field surveys 02/12 (IGE) Six Cascades, Nam Lwi (sc) 452 Projects named 01/11 --- --- Yunnan PowerGrid Shan State East n.a. Planning 10/10 SDIC Huajing Nam Hka (nk) 200 Planning 01/11 --- --- Yunnan PowerGrid Shan State East n.a. 10/10 SDIC Huajing Naunghpa, Thanlwin (np) 1000 MoU signed 07/10 --- --- Hydro China Tangyan tsp, Shan North n.a. 12/09 Mantawng, Nam Ma (mt) 200 MoU signed 07/10 --- --- Hydro China Mong Mao tsp, Shan North n.a. 12/09 Sai Tin (Saingdin) (st) 76.5 Under review 02/12 --- 2015 Datang Buthidaung, Arakan 220 09/11 Shwetaung Hydro Laymyo I & II (Lemro) river (lm) 800 Under review 09/11 --- 2018 Datang Mrauk-U tsp, Arakan state 2500? 04/11 Shwetaung Hydro Tasang, Thanlwin (ts) 7110 Survey continuing 03/12 --- 2022 Three Gorges Mongton tsp, Shan East 35400 12/11 Sinohydro China South Grid EGAT, IGE Taninthayi river (tn) 600 MoU signed 12/11 --- 2017 Italian-Thai Ler Pa Doh, Taninthayi tsp 3476 Field surveys 09/11 Kunlong, Upper Thanlyin (kl) 1400 MoA signed 03/10 --- --- Hanenergy Ton Gyap, Kunlong tsp Feasibility study 02/10 Goldwater Tapar, Thanlyin river (tp) 1160 Under study 05/07 --- --- Hanenergy Taho-hkao, Kutkai tsp Goldwater Ngaw Chang Hka cascade (nc) 1055 Projects named 07/10 --- --- Yunnan Power Tsawlaw, Chipwi tsp MoA signed Investment (IGE)
Lankyaw, Chipwi tsp, Kachin continuing on power 10/10 Investment station Asia World
Mantong, Chipwi tsp 15210 foundation, tunneling 08/11 Investment B.O.T. signed Asia World Under review Wusauk, N’maihka (ws) 1800 Under study 11/11 --- --- China Power Wutsok, Tsawlaw tsp, Kachin 10140 Under review 08/11 Investment Yenan, N’maihka (yn) 1200 Under study 11/11 --- --- China Power Panandin, Nawngmun tsp 6650 Under review 08/11 Investment Kachin
Khawbude tsp, Kachin 11080 Under review 08/11 Investment Khaunglanhpu, N’maihka (kl) 2700 Under study 11/11 --- --- China Power Khawbude tsp, Kachin 14730 Under review 08/11 Investment Laikzar, Malihka (Laza) 1900 Survey work 08/11 --- --- China Power Sumprabum tsp 10440 Rock quarry 06/11 Investment Kachin Under review 11/11
Confluence area, Myitkyina tsp 30860 Under review 11/11 Investment Kachin Work suspended 09/11 Asia World
Manton tsp, Shan North 3310? Planning 06/11 Asia World Shweli-3, Shweli (ELEP041) 1050 Site preps 11/11 --- --- n.a. Momeik (Mong Mit) Shan North 3995 Planning 10/11 Tapein-1 (Daying) (tp-1) 240 Operations suspended 12/11 09/10 Datang (Yunnan) Kalonhka, Moemauk tsp , 1065 08/11 Kachin
Kalehkyet, Moemauk tsp 633 suspended Htamanthi, Chindwin (tm) 1200 Survey continuing 03/12 --- --- NHPC - India Kason, Homalin tsp 6685 Villages relocated 12/11 Shwesayay, Chindwin (ss) 660 Under negotiation 09/11 --- --- NHPC - India Budalin tsp, Sagaing Div 2908 Ywathit, Thanlwin (yt) 600 Campaign launch 10/11 --- --- Datang (Yunnan) Bawlake tsp, Kayah Site secured by BA 06/11 Shwetaung Hydro Nampun, Nam Pawn (np) 130 Campaign launch 10/11 --- --- Datang (Yunnan) Dimawso tsp? Kayah MoA signed, survey 0/11 Shwetaung Hydro Namtamphak, 110 Campaign launch 03/11 --- --- Datang (Yunnan) Namtamhpak? (mk) MoA signed 01/11 Shwetaung Hydro Loikaw tsp?, Kayah Namtabat, Namtabat (nt) 104 04/11 --- --- Guodian (Huadian) Waingmaw tsp [?], Kachin 575 MoU signed 01/11 Tun Thwin MIning Weigyi, Thanlwin (wg) 4540 Suspended [?] 10/03 --- --- EGAT Weigyi, Papun tsp 29217 06/03 Dagwin, Thanlwin (dw) 792 Suspended [?] 10/03 --- --- EGAT Dagwin, Papun tsp 5422 06/03 ================================================================================== CP020: EXISTING TRANSMISSION SYSTEM: MID-2007 (prepared by the compiler) See Map 3 below Grid Voltage Stations and Substations 1 230 kV Lawpita - Toungoo - Thayagon - Kamanat (Bago) - Hlawga 1a 230 kV Toungoo - Pyinmana – Thazi 1b 230 kV Kamanat - Thaton 2 230 kV Paunglaung - Pyinmana – Taungdwingyi – Shwedaung – Myaungdaga – Hlawga 2a 230 kV Myaungdaga - Hlaingthaya < Athok < Bayintnaung 3 132 kV Lawpita – Kalaw – Thazi – Ingon – Aungpinle 4 132 kV Kyaukpahto – Ngapyawdine - Letpanhla – Aunpinle – Tagundaing (Mandalay) 4a 132 kV Tagundaing (Mandalay) – Kyaukchaw – Pyin-U-Lwin 5 132 kV Monywa – Nyaungbingyi – Kyunchaung – Chauk – Magwe – Taungdwingyi 5a 132 kV Mone (Sedoktaya) – Chauk 6 66 kV Taungdwingyi - Aunglan - Pyay - Myanaung - Hinthada – Yegyi – Pathein - Myaungmya 7 66 kV Thaton – Myaingalay – Pa’an – Mawlamyaing 8 66 kV Zawgyi No 2 – Zawgyi No 1 – Aungthabye – Kalaw 9 66 kV Bhamo – Shwegu – Kyaukpahto 10 66 kV Kyunchaung – Theingon – Pakokku 11 66 kV Myingyan – Nyaung-U – Chauk 12 66 kV Pozzolan – Kyaukpadaung – Chauk 13 66 kV Magwe – Mann < Ngaphe < Malun Other shorter 66-kV lines connect the hydropower stations at Thapanseik and Mogok to the 132-kV northern grid, and the hydropower stations on the Zaungtu and Yenwe rivers to the Sittaung valley grid. From the 66-kV transmission line linking Taungdwingyi and Pyay, branches reach out to Sinbaungwe and industrial areas at Tayet, Shwepandaw, Kyawswekyo and Kyawswa. Between Pyay and Myanaung other short 66-kV extensions reach out to the industrial areas at or near Sinde, Okshitppin, Nyaungchedauk, Tonbo (Mathone), Seiktha (Kanyaing) and Kyangin. The thermal power stations and sub-stations in the Yangon area are also interconnected in various ways by 66-kV lines For information on the development of the grid system between 2007 and 2010, see the notes on Grid Map 5 below. ================================================================================== ANX ANNEXES Annex 1: NATIONAL HIGH-VOLTAGE GRID SYSTEM AND MAPS Grid Map 1: National grid system as it existed in 1989 Grid Map 2: National grid system as it existed in 2001-02 Grid Map 3: National grid system as it existed in 2002-03 Grid Map 4: National grid system as it existed in mid-2007 Grid Map 5: Grid projects underway 2007 - 2009 Grid Map 6: Future grid projects in mid-2008 Grid Map 7: Long-term plan for transmission system in mid-2008 N.B. The maps below have been sellected from various sources. They are shown in chronological order here to give a sense of historical perspective to the development of the national grid system in Myanmar. As indicated in the notes accompanying each map, they are best viewed in the web documents from which they are taken where it is possible to enlarge the projection. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Map 1 (below) shows the national power grid system as it existed in 1989 shortly after the completion of the hydropower station at the Sedawgyi dam. It can also be found on page 6 of the Project Completion Report of the Sedawgyi Hydropower Project published by the Asian Development Bank. http://www.adb.org/Documents/PCRs/MYA/36112-MYA-PCR.pdf According to a study published by the World Bank in 19851, Burma/Myanmar then had 1190 miles (1915 km) of high voltage lines. The backbone of the system was the 310-mile-long (500 km) 230-kV line that connected the hydropower station at Lawpita with Toungoo and Rangoon. From Lawpita a 300-mile-long (480 km), 132-kV line stretched north through Kalaw and Thazi to the Mandalay area, while a 66-kV line reached west from Thazi to Chauk. Another smaller grid had been built around the Kyunchaung station, which was put into operation in 1974, and connected to the Chauk station by a 66-kV line. Other grids with sub-stations were added to the system in the the early 80s through foreign-financed loans. “A 370-km, 66-kV transmission line project connecting Sindé (Pye) with Myaungmya (in the Irrawaddy delta) was completed in 1982 with a US$12 million ADB loan. The laying of a 132-kV transmission line from Kyunchaung to Monywa, and the renovation of distribution lines in Rangoon, Mandalay and other divisional load centres were undertaken during the Third Four-Year Plan [78/79 to 81/82] with Yugoslav loans.”2 By the mid 80s, preparations were also underway for further extensions to the national system. “The [145-mile-long (233 km)] Thazi-Taungoo, 230-kV transmission line project connecting the northern and southern parts of the . . . national grid [was] undertaken with a DM890 million loan from [West Germany] in anticipation [that] the Kinda hydro-electric scheme . . . would be plugged into this node at Thazi in the near future. The World Bank (IDA) provided a soft loan of about US$80 million towards the installation of over 699 km of single-circuit transmission lines (together with sub-stations and switching units) linking the thermal facilities at Mann, Prome and Myanaung with the existing and forthcoming hydroelectric plants at Lawpita, Sedawgyi and Kinda, as well as the planned additions at Paunglaung and Baluchaung. This project, which would be the single largest transmission network undertaken by the EPC, [would] involve a 210-km stretch of 132-kV lines between Chauk and Taungdwingyi (via Magwe and Mann) together with a 398-km, 230-kV high tension line from Taungdwingyi to Thaketa in the Rangoon suburbs (via Pye and Hlawga)”2. As Map 1 shows, these additions, had for the most part been completed by the late 80s. They had in effect, created a national transmission system by connecting and extending the regional grids which already existed in the early 80s. Map 1 also shows that the Sedawgyi power station had been linked to the main grid at Mandalay, by a 132-kV line and was in process of being connected to the gold mine in the Kyaukpahtoe area of Kawlin township. Also to be noted is the isolated 66-kV grid linking the natural gas power station near Thaton with the coal-fired generating plant in Mawlamyine through the sub-station at Pa’an which served the cement plant at Myainggale. 
------------------------------------------------------------------ 1Burma: Issues and Options in the Energy Sector, World Bank Report No. 5416-BA (June 1985), p 6.3 wwwwds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/1999/09/17/000009265_3970723102606/Rendered/INDEX/multi_page.txt 2Tin Maung Maung Than, “Burma’s Energy Use: Perils and Promises” in Southeast Asian Affairs 1986 (Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1986), pp. 83-85. ================================================================================== Map 2 (below) shows the national power grid network as it existed in 2001-02. This map was originally posted on the website of the Electric Power Ministry but this is no longer available. A clearer version can be found at: http://www.geni.org/globalenergy/library/national_energy_grid/myanmar-burma/myanmarnationalelectricitygrid.shtml Map 2 shows the national transmission system as it existed in 2000-01. According to information provided by the Ministry of Electric Power to a website maintained by the Yangon City Development Committee (YCDC), high voltage transmission lines 542.63 miles long were added to the grid between 1988 and 2000 bringing the total at that time to 4969.63 miles. They were as follows with indicated voltage, distance and year of completion: (1) Thazi – Pyinmana - Toungoo, 230 KV, 83.2 miles (1988); (2) Sedawgyi - Kyaukpahto, 132 KV, 131.18 miles (1990); (3) Baluchaung-1-Lawpita, 132 KV, 9.32 miles (1992); (4) Zawgyi-1 – Aungthabye, 66 KV, 47.7 miles (1994); (5) Zawgyi-1 – Zawgyi-2, 66 KV, 11.8 miles (1996); (6) Kyaukpahto – Shwegu – Bhamo, 66 KV, 152.87 miles (1997); (7) Letpanhla – Mogok, 66 KV, 51.86 miles (1997); (8) Kinda – Aungpinle (Mandalay), 132 KV, 54.7 miles (1998) http://www.yangoncity.com.mm/ministry/ministry_of_electric_power.asp. With the exception of (1), (2) and (8) most of these additions to the grid were carried out during the construction of hydropower projects. Also, to be noted were the connections to the grid by a 66-KV line from the Zaungtu hydropower project, completed in March 2000, and by a 33-KV line from the Thaphanseik hydropower project completed in 2001. The generating stations at Thaton and Mawlamyine were linked together through a sub-station at the large cement plant at Myainggale during the nineties, although this circuit was not yet joined to the national grid. The nineties were notable for the construction of a series of gas-fired and steam power plants in Yangon in response to the discovery of the Nyaungdon natural gas field. They were linked together through a network of 66-KV transmission lines. 
Map 3 (below) is reproduced from The Study on Introduction of Renewable Energies in Rural Areas in Myanmar: Final Report: Volume 1: Summary, Figure 5, p 9. [doc page 16.] This map, prepared by a joint team of Nippon Koei Co Ltd and the Institute of Energy Economics of Japan, highlights the proposed sites of several small-scale rural electrication projects that grew out of a study carried out between 2001 and 2003. It is useful for understanding how the national transmission network was taking shape during that time. The According to MEPE, the total generating capacity of the power plants supplying the system was 1,172 MW and peak capacity of the national grid was 716 MW while peak demand was 1,005 MW. The resulting shortage of 289 MW was managed by load shedding and suspending connections to new applicants. Other information supplied by MEPE indicated that 7,915 miles of 11/33/66-kV distribution lines were maintained by the state electric power company in mid- 2002. Of particular interest for the development of high-voltage transmission grids at the time were proposals for a) a 230-kV line from the planned Shweli-1 power plant through Mogok to Mandalay; b) a 455km-long, 230-kV line reaching north from a planned gas-fired generating plant in Kanbauk to join the national grid at Kamanat (Bago) and c) 230-kV lines leading from a planned gas-fired power plant in the Ayeyawady delta area to Yangon and Pathein. None of these proposed transmission projects was undertaken. The line from the Shweli-1 power station was eventually re-routed through Namhsam, and Shwesayan. The proposed 1,500-MW generating plant at Kanbauk and the corresponding transmission line north to the heavily populated area around Yangon was never built; instead, a 24-inch gas pipeline was laid from Kanbauk to Myainggale, and eventually to Yangon, to feed the four major thermal stations and industrial zones in the former capital. Similarly, plans for the 200-MW generating plant in the Ayeyawaddy delta that was to have been supplied with natural gas from off-shore fields failed to come to fruition. It was not until 2010 that a 24-inch, 288-km- long pipeline directly from the Yadana field to the natural-gas processing station at Ywama in the northern outskirts of Yangon was finally finally completed. This pipeline now serves as the main conduit for the gas that is used in the power plants in Yangon. After the 280-MW Paunglaung plant was commissioned in March 2005, it was connected to the upgraded sub-power station at Taungdwingyi, thereby completing a second 230-kV circuit to Yangon. The gas-fired generating station at Thaton was also linked to the national grid at Kamanat through a 230-kV line. Another important development, not shown on Map 3, was the construction of an 80km-long, 132-kV line linking the 75-MW hydropower station near Sedoktaya with a substation at Tanyaung and across the Irrawaddy to the main regional subpower station at Chauk. This line was completed in 2004 before the opening of the Sedoktaya project. 
Source http://lvzopac.jica.go.jp/external/library?func=function.opacsch.mmdsp&view=view.opacsch.mmindex&shoshisbt=1&shoshino=0000159772&volno=0000000000&filename=11734100_01.pdf&seqno=1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Map 4 (below) is taken from a slide-presentation made by the Myanmar delegation at a seminar in Bangkok in Sept 2007 [Powering ASEAN: Technology and Policy Options]. It reproduces slide 34 from that collection. Although it is titled ‘Future National Grid System’, it is appears to show the grid as it actually existed in 2007 with solid lines and the transmission lines and substations under planning or construction with dotted lines. Slide 35 in this same collection (not reproduced below) envisages the national grid system and sub-power station network as it would be in the future when a number of major hydro projects intended mainly for export of electric power to Thailand, China and India would be completed. It does not show the proposed external transmission lines connected with these projects but purple lines are used to show how they would be linked with the system inside Myanmar through 500-kV grids. Since 2007, when slide 35 was prepared, plans for the national grid system have changed considerably and slide 35 is now useful mainly for historical purposes in tracing how future plans for the grid were developing at the time. To view slides 34 and 35 with enlarged project, use the following URL. http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs2/MMpresentation.pdf As indicated in the legend, the 230-kV transmission grids are shown in red and the 132- kV grids in blue. Green is used for the 66-kV transmission grids and orange for the 33-kV grids. Blue boxes are used for major hydro-electric stations and red boxes for the major gas-powered generating stations, while triangles indicate the locations of major sub-stations. Coal-fired stations are shown with a circled cross. Map 4 shows that significant changes took place place in the grid system between 2001 when Map 2 (above) was issued and 2007. The coal-fired generating station at Tigyit, completed in 2005, was linked to the 132-kV line between Lawpita and Kalaw which, in turn, was upgraded to a double circuit line. The Paunglaung hydro station, completed in 2005, was linked to the nearby main sub-station at Pyinmana, which in turn was connected to the main sub-station at Taungdwingyi by a 230-kV line. Taungdwingyi and Pyay were connected by a single-circuit 66-kV line. The previously isolated Thaton-Mawlamyaing circuit was connected to the national grid at Kamanat near Bago with a single-circuit 230- kV transmission line. A 230-kV line was constructed to link the main 230-kV Taungdwingyi – Hlawga transmission line through Myaungdaga to the industrial city of Hlaingthaya from where it was extended west across the Ayeyawaddy to Athok in the delta. Major transmission projects underway in 2007 are also shown with dotted lines on Map 4. They include the 180-mile-long, double-circuit, 230-kV line stretching south from the still unfinished Shweli-1 hydro generating station to sub-stations under construction at Shwesayan and Belin in the Mandalay area. A 130-mile-long, 132-kV line, also under construction, is showng leading west from the unfinished hydropower plant at Kengtawng Falls to Namzang, Loilem and Pinpet to join the central grid at the main sub-station at Kalaw. A 65-mile long, 132-kV line (completed in 2006) leads north-west from Thazi and Meiktila to the Myingyan area on the Ayeyawaddy. Eleven of twelve 230-kV sub-stations in operation in 2007 are shown on Map 4. They were at Thazi, Taungdwingyi, Pyinmana, Toungoo, Thayagon, Kamanat (Bago), Myaungtaga, Thaton, Bayintnaung Hlaingthaya, Athok and, possibly, at Hlawga (not shown). Similarly, fifteen of the existing 132-kV substations are shown on Map 4 at Kyaukpahto, Ngapyawdaing, Letpanhla, Monywa, Nyaungbyingyi, Pyin-U-Lwin, Chauk, Kalaw, Yinmabin, Magwe, Ingon, Kyaukchaw, Aungbinle, and Tagundaing (Mandalay) and, possibly, at Yeywa (not shown). Forty-two 66-kV and two 33-kV substations are also shown on Map 4. Only 51 sub-stations were listed in the slides shown at Franco-ASEAN seminar. The information presented at the Franco-ASEAN seminar differs somewhat from that provided by EPM-2 Khin Maung Myint to a meeting of the State Electric Power Development Project Work Committee in July 2006. According to the minister, “the EPM No 2 has twelve 230-kV power stations, sixteen 132-kV power stations and forty-seven 66-kV power stations for a total of 75. The national grid lines under the ministry include thirteen 230-kV sections with a total length of 834.16 miles; nineteen 132-KV sections with a total length of 1056.73 miles, and fifty-two 66-KV sections with a total length of 1224.92 miles.”2 Information available to the compilers of Platt’s Myanmar Country Energy Profile in mid-2007 indicated that 76 sub-stations with a total installed capacity of 2,569 MVA were in operation.1 For a synopsis of the grids composing the national transmission system as it existed in mid-2007 see Table CP020 above3. Information available to the office of the Tripartite Core Group for the report, Post-Nargis Joint Assessment, indicates that as of April 2007 the national transmission system exceeded 1,352 km (845 miles) at 230 kV voltage level, 1,692 km (1,056 miles) at 132 kV, and 2,173 km (1,358 miles) at 66 kV.2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 See Platts Electric Power Profile for Myanmar above. 2 Post-Nargis Joint Assessment, (Tripartite Core Group, July, 2008, p 115 [doc 139]). http://www.asean.org/21765.pdf 3 See also above: ‘Inventory of generating plants, transmission grids, projects (NLM: 30/07/06). 
Map 5 (below) is taken from a slide-presentation made by the Myanmar delegation at an ADB regional consultation in Ho Chi Minh City in November 2008. It reproduces slide 20 from that collection. This map focuses attention on several of the transmission-substation projects underway in central Burma during the period 2007 – 2009. Map 5 is best viewed with the enlarged projection available at the following URL: http://www.adb.org/Documents/Events/Mekong/Proceedings/FG7-RPTCC7-Annex3.4-Myanmar-Presentation.pdf The first and most important of the projects shown on Map 5 involved the building of sub-stations and erection of transmission lines and towers to be used in connecting the large hydro power project then under construction at Yeywa with key transformer stations and switch bays in the central part of the country including those at Belin, Shwesayan, Meiktila, Taungdwingyi, Ohndaw and Nyaungbyingyi. An important reference for this project can be found in NLM: 03/09/05 which refers to the signing of a contract with China National Heavy Machinery Corporation (CHMC) for the supply 230 KVA cables and necessary equipment for the construction of sub-power stations worth US$ 45.849 million connected to main station at Yeywa. Electricity from the Yeywa station to be supplied to the Meiktila sub-power station through a 75-mile-long, double circuit transmission line from Yeywa to Meiktila and from Yeywa to Bellin (near Kyaukse) sub-power station through a 28-mile-long, double circuit line. Also included is a 60-mile long, 230-KVA double circuit power line connecting Bellin sub-power station with Meiktila and a 22-mile-long 230-KV double circuit line to be built between Yeywa and Shwesayan sub-power station connected to the Shweli-1 hydropower project. http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs2/NLM2005-09-03.pdf Other references to this important project can be found in the following editions of NLM: 11/04/07; 14/05/07; 05/03/08; 06/10/08; 24/12/08; 04/05/09; 25/08/09; 22/04/09; 09/09/09. In comparison with the media fanfare accompanying the opening of a hydropower station in Myanmar, completion of transmission grids such as those connecting the Yeywa-Belin-Meiktilla stations, the Yeywa-Thazi-Meiktila stations, and the Meiktila-Taungdwingyi stations go virtually unnoticed. But a report in Issue 554 of the Myanmar Times (20/12/10) appears to indicate that these grids and power stations are functioning and that electricity from Yeywa and Shweli-1 have been completed and are supplying power to the national grid. A second major project during this period involved adding another 230-KV circuit to the main transmission line between Toungoo and Kamanat (near Bago) and new 230-KV lines between Kamanat and Myaungdaga and between Kamanat and Thanlyin. The only reference in state media to the work on the Toungoo – Kamanat transmission line is found in NLM: 10/01/08. http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs4/NLM2008-01-10.pdf Much more information is available on the extensions from Kamanat to Thanlyin and Thaketa (ELPG009) and from Kamanat to the industrial subdivision in Myaungdaga (ELIU016)
‘EPM-2 Khin Maung Myint submitted reports on the renovation of nine national grids, 10 main power station projects and the planned major repair of power plants. Among the lines connected to the national grid the Ministry of Electric Power No 2 is undertaking are the installation of the 18-mile-long Panlon -Namhsam 66-KV power grid, the 3-mile-long power line from the Kyaukpahto-Shwegu-Bhamo 66-KV power grid to the Naba sub-power station, the 9.5-mile-long 66-KV power line from the Kyunchaung-Pakokku 66- KV power line (near Myitchay) to Kanma, the 34-mile-long Lashio-Hsenwi 66-KV power grid, the 15-mile- long Hlinethaya-Ahlon 230-KV twin-bundle, single-circuit power grid, the 0.9-mile-long Hline river crossing (Ahlon) 230-KV twin-bundle, single-circuit power grid, the 60-mile long Thaton-Mawlamyine [? KV] twin-bundle, single-circuit power grid, the 40-mile-long Naba-Mohnyin 66-KV power line and the 55-mile-long Mohnyin- Mogaung 66-KV power line. Of them, the Panlon-Namhsam power line project has been completed, three [others] are under implementation and plans are under way to implement the other five. Among the projects to build or upgrade main power stations are: the Namhsam 66/11-KV, 5-MVA power station; the Naba 66/33/11-KV, 10-MVA power station; the Kanma 66/11-KV, 5-MVA power station; the Hsenwi 66/33-KV, 10-MVA power station; the extension of the substation bay at the Hlinethaya power station, the Ahlon 230/33-KV, 2x100-MVA main power station; the extension of the 230-KV switch bay at the Thaton power plant, the Mawlamyine 230/66/11-KV, 2x50-MVA power station; the Mohnyin 66/11-KV, 5-MVA power station and the Mogaung 66/11-KV, 5-MVA power station. The Namhsam power station project has been completed, and the power stations in Naba, Kanma and Hsenwi are currently under construction.’ A brief report in NLM on 18/08/11 notes that construction of the 100-mile-long transmission line between Naba in Indaw township and Namti in Mogaung township has been completed along with power stations In Mohnyin, Mogaung, Hopin, Nanma, Hsahmaw and Namti. The installation of distribution lines at these centres in Mohnyin district is scheduled for completion in the open season after the monsoon when electricity will be available on a 24-hour basis. This project has been underway since 2004. During the session of the Amyotha Hluttaw on 19/10/11, U Sai Tin Aung of Kachin State Constituency-5 asked about the extension of the 66-KV power grid in Mohnyin district in Kachin State. In response, EPM-2 Khin Maung Soe said that the Galainggaung small-scale hydropower plant with a generating capacity of 1260-KW was currently supplying electricity to Mohnyin. 66-KV transmission lines connecting Naba on the national grid with Mohnyin and Mogaung was underway The 42-mile-long line between Naba and Mohnyin was currently 82pc complete and the 58-mile-long line between Mohnyin and Mogaung was 80pc complete. He said these projects would be finished during the FY 2011-2012. (NLM: 20/10/11) Note that while some of the transmission and power station projects detailed by the Minister show up on the ‘future project’ display on Map 6 below, several of the most important do not. This would appear to indicate that the project list in EPM-2 is a constantly shifting one, subject to new priorities, demands upon the system, delays in the completion of generating projects, budget considerations and many other factors. News items in NLM in mid-February 2011 about the signing of contracts for the purchase of electrical equipment for the 230-KV grids at Sittoung, Thaphanseik and Ngapyawdaing power stations and for the main power stations at Naypyitaw-2, Hlawga, Kamanat, Taungdwingyi, Hlinethaya and Myaungdaga indicate that the upgrading of the power station network continues. Companies involved in the contract signing were listed as Barons Machinery & Engineering Pte Ltd, Sino Hydro Corp Ltd, Gunkul Engineering Public Co Ltd, United National Oil & Gas Pte Ltd, Chint Electric Co Ltd, Supplier Global Pte Ltd, Smart Technical Service Ltd, and Central China Power Grid International Economic & Trade Co Ltd. Further details at http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs11/NLM2011-02-17.pdf and http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs11/NLM2011-02-19.pdf 
Map 6 (below) is taken from a slide-presentation made by the Myanmar delegation at an ADB regional consultation in Ho Chi Minh City in November 2008. It reproduces slide 21 from that collection. Like the previous slide 20 of the series shown at the consultation, Map 6 presents a number of transmission projects, in this case future projects that will link hydropower and thermal projects under construction or planning at the time of presentation. Map 6 is best viewed with the enlarged projection available at the following URL: http://www.adb.org/Documents/Events/Mekong/Proceedings/FG7-RPTCC7-Annex3.4-Myanmar-Presentation.pdf The most noticeable feature of this ‘future’ project map is the addition of a 500-KV power transmission grid (shown with a purple dotted line) connecting some of the megasized hydropower generating projects in border areas with main power stations in the central and south-central parts of the country. The hydropower projects included in this 500-KV grid are those at Myitsone, Htamanthi and Tasang dams and the main stations shown are at Moemeik (Mong Mit), Belin, Naypyitaw, Toungoo, Kamanat, Monywa, Mann, Okshitpin and Hinthada. There is no indication how the eastern and western arms of this grid are to be connected in the south-central part of the country. Since construction is only beginning at the first (Myitsone) of the three hydropower projects included, the planning for this 500-KV grid would appear to be in the very stages. A second noteworthy feature in the grids shown on this long-term project map is the addition of several new double-circuit 230-KV lines connecting many of the hydropower projects presently being planned or under construction by foreign developers in the northern, eastern and western parts of the country. Interesting for their omission are the cross-border grids which would connect these hydropower projects with the electricity systems in Yunnan, Thailand, Bangladesh and north-eastern India. The first of these international links (not shown on Map 6) came on-line in 2009 and 2010 with the completion of the Shweli-1 and Tapein-1 projects in northeastern Myanmar. At least a dozen other hydropower, coal-fired and gas-fired projects for which MoUs were signed in 2009 and 2010 are not shown on this map and the transmission links which would connect them with the national grid are not shown either. One project that will almost surely get high-lined in the near future is the construction of the 240-KV, double-circuit transmission line shown on Map 5 between the Belin main station and the steel-plant sub-station at Myingyan in Mandalay Region This plant which is currently outfitted with a 60-ton electric arc furnace is slated to ramp-up annual production to 400,000 tonnes of steel over the next few years. As one of the crown jewels in the industrial empire of the Myanmar Economic Corp (majority owned by the generals who run the country) it would appear that the Myingyan steel plant and its electricity needs will almost certainly be given precedence in the development of the grid system in central Myanmar. Sub-station and transmission line contracts signed in the early months of 2011 indicate that work on upgrading the national grids and the construction of new MEPE sub-stations is related to the expanding industrial base in Myanmar. The new sub-station at upper Minhla on the Irrawaddy (an extension of the Malun station?) is meant to serve the electrical needs of the recently opened Defence Directorate’s munitions and missile factories in the area. The upgrading of the power stations at Thaphanseik and Ngapyawdaing will provide the power needed for the nickel mine and smelter near Tagaung on the upper Irrawaddy. The mine, owned by China Non-ferrous Metals, is scheduled for start-up late in 2011 and is designed to produce 85,000 tonnes of nickel alloy and 22,000 tonnes of nickel annually. It has been estimated that it will need 100 MW of power to operate at full capacity – far beyond the needs of the Thaphanseik plant to supply. The contract for the purchase of electrical equipment for the 230-KV power grid (in/out) for the 230/66/11KV (100 MVA) Thainzayat power station will serve the large paper mill and caustic soda plant at Sittaung. Map 6 (below) shows most of the power stations and transmission lines under construction in Shan State South that will link the generating plant at Kengtawng Falls with township centres in the central area of the state. The key power station for this grid is located at Namzang (Namhsam), although the key connecting link between the Kengtawng Falls generating station and Namzang and Pinpet, a 132-kV transmission line, is not shown on this map. For details of these Shan State South grids, see the articles ‘Official opening of Kentawng falls power station’ (NLM: 25/03/09) and ‘Kengtawng hydropower plant nearly ready to produce electricity’ (MT: 29/0908). Grids linking the Shweli-1 hydropower plant with sub-power stations and towns in Shan State North are dealt with in news items under ‘Shweli transmission line contract signed’. 
Map 7 (below) is taken from a slide-presentation made by the Myanmar delegation at an ADB regional consultation in Ho Chi Minh City in November 2008. It reproduces slide 22 from that collection. This map purports to show what the electricity grid system will look like at some time in the future, perhaps in 20 or 25 years, when all the transmission line and power station projects shown in the previous two slides have been completed. Map 7 is best viewed with the enlarged projection available at the following URL: http://www.adb.org/Documents/Events/Mekong/Proceedings/FG7-RPTCC7-Annex3.4-Myanmar-Presentation.pdf Map 7 suggests that about ten of the main power stations in the the future grid system will emerge as hubs in directing the power flow along the circuits that are being developed. Probably the most important of these is the station at Belin, a few miles north of the industrial city of Kyaukse in Mandalay Region. Other hub centres in the south of the country would be at Ywama, Athoke and Kamanat. In central Myanmar Toungoo, Pyinmana-Naypyitaw, Thazi, Mann, Kyunchaung and Monywa appear to be regional hubs. The only regional hub clearly indicated in the north appears to be the main station at Mong Mit (Momeik, shown as Moemate on the map). Noteworthy is the fact that major new infrastructure projects such as the development of international ports and rail and road terminals near Dawei in southeastern Myanmar and at Kyaukpyu on the Arakan coast are not shown. Undoubtedly the plans for these projects will lead to a major changes in the grid networks in both these sections of Myanmar. Similarly, in the northern part of Kachin state where China Power Investments has signed agreements to develop six massive dams and power stations with a generating capacity of 125 GW, nothing is shown. Details about some of the sites marked ‘Project A’, ‘Project B’, etc, on Map 7 is provided in the ‘Work Experiences’ section of the website of Gunkul Electric. http://www.gkmyanmar.com/references.php?view=1  
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