Emma guidance note – an accompanyment to the emma toolkit
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- Bu səhifədəki naviqasiya:
- Step 2: Critical Market Selection – an important step so consider carefully Before starting Step 2, the EMMA leader should have
- Objectives of Step 2
- Key Activities in Step 2
- Additional Supporting Information
- Field based advice in identifying critical markets and key analytical questions
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Step 2: Critical Market Selection – an important step so consider carefully Before starting Step 2, the EMMA leader should have o
developed a ‘good-enough’ general understanding of the emergency situation; o
have a ‘good-enough’ response plan (intervention area, target population, potential objectives etc..) and an outline of missing market related information that would be collected via the EMMA. Objectives of Step 2
Select which critical market systems will be the subject of EMMA investigation. Outline the key analytical questions that need answering for each of these systems. Key Outputs
Final selection of critical market systems for EMMA to study and clear rationale for their selection
List of key analytical questions for each critical market system Key Activities in Step 2
Review the priority needs identified for the target populations (e.g. food, essential household items, shelter) (EMMATKp46 Sec 2.2, 2.3), link these to critical markets that could potentially either directly or indirectly meet the needs identified. Make sure that there is consistency with the potential response planned
Select critical market systems for EMMA. (EMMATKp46 Sec 2.2, 2.3)
Consult with colleagues, cluster-group members, key informants. (EMMATKp54 Sec 2.4)
Identify the key analytical questions for each selected market system. (EMMATKp54 Sec 2.4) Additional Supporting Information: 1.
Understanding critical markets: The categories of critical market system The table below (EMMATKp47 Box 2.2) outlines the three categories of ‘critical’ market system. In an emergency situation, critical market systems are those that played, play, or could play a major role in ensuring survival, and/or protecting livelihoods of the target population. For ensuring survival For protecting and promoting livelihoods (Supply) market systems that provide food, essential household items, or services to meet urgent survival needs (Supply) market systems that provide essential tools, replace assets, provide agricultural inputs, or deliver vital services (Income) market systems that provide jobs, create demand for wage labour, or provide buyers for target groups’ own produce
Staple food items, clothing and blankets, shelter materials, essential household items, soap, buckets, bedding, tents, fuel or firewood
Agricultural tools, fertilizer, fodder, seeds, pumps, veterinary services, credit services, fishing nets, boats, transport services
Cash crops, livestock, fish and forest products, agricultural and casual labour, re-construction activities, other employment industries Do not assume that critical market systems must mainly be those that relate to survival needs. Market systems which supply productive assets and inputs may be good candidates for EMMA. So too are market systems which provide a direct source of urgently needed income: getting their crops or livestock to market, or restoring access to paid employment, is often a very high priority for affected populations. 18
2.
Apply the following questions and then criteria to select critical markets: a) What is the potential response objective? (This must relate to target population needs) b) What goods and services are critical to meeting these needs? (See below and EMMATKp48 for advice)
For these goods/ services, which market systems are most significant/ urgent? What are government agencies or other large agencies doing, or planning to do?
Which market systems have been most affected by the emergency? Which market systems fit the agency’s sectoral mandate and competencies well?
What are the critical issues in terms of response timing or seasonality? Which market systems appear to have scope for feasible response options? EMMATKp130 Box 7.2 (ANNEX Step 2) is useful in presenting and determining the critical markets. 3.
Understanding and defining Key Analytical Questions Market systems are usually selected because agency staff have specific ideas or expectations about the operational value that EMMA will add to their programme. ‘Key analytical questions’ frame these ideas, and thus help teams to keep them in mind throughout the EMMA process. These questions can change according to information collected. Examples of Key Analytical Questions are in ANNEX Step 2 (EMMATKp55 Box2.10). Key Analytical Questions should address the bigger questions relating to the response (e.g.: ‘if affected households were given cash, could the red artisanal brick market respond?’) and information that has been identified as missing in the initial response analysis (e.g.: ‘is there sufficient transport between the red artisanal brick makers and the district wholesalers?’). Limit the number of Key Analytical Questions to 5 per market analysed to maintain the focus needed. The questions can be modified and updated at a later EMMA Step. 4.
Usually it is not practical to analyse more than one item at a time because nearly every item has a different origin and movement from producer to consumer (market chain); potentially requiring different infrastructure, inputs and market support services (inputs/ labour/ transport etc…). In addition, influences from the market environment (policy/ regulations/ trends etc…) for one item can be very different to that of another. If all the items in a hygiene kit were analysed at the same time, the market maps would be very complex and their use as an analytical and communication tool would be lost. However, if items do have similar supply-chains and actors – which is quite possible for imported items, for example – then it may be practical to analyse them collectively. 5.
Selecting critical markets and identifying needs are not the same thing (EMMATKp48) There is a difference between identifying ‘needs’ and selecting ‘market systems’, especially in economic activities. Consider the following, for example.
is a loss of boats and nets, then EMMA needs to concentrate on understanding the market system for fishing inputs. However, if they lack buyers for their catch, then EMMA needs to examine the whole market system for fish from fisher-folk through to consumers in hotels or the city. Landless households who mainly depend on seasonal agricultural work: if their main employers are local large-scale export-orientated wheat farmers, then the critical EMMA priority may be the national market system for wheat. Field based advice in identifying critical markets and key analytical questions: o
Role of management and decision makers. Keep your managers and decision makers informed of decisions made and where possible, involve then in the decisions o
varying levels of technical ability. Key Analytical Questions can be updated along the analytical process as you find out more about the market you are investigating. The purpose of the Questions would be the same, to guide and focus the analysis. As you proceed through the analytical processes of an EMMA assessment, it is important to periodically remind yourself and your team of the key analytical questions in order to stay focused on the objective of the assessment. o
Develop a long list of potential critical markets and discuss each one in detail using the criteria above (if required, you can add more importance to some criteria) and some additional ones if needed. Once a critical Yüklə 2,92 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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