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people get their cash) in the area? What is the level of damage to both? Are they physically accessible?
Can men and/or women access these markets and financial institutions with ease?
Results of first step of response analysis: needs that the agency intends to address,
intended target area
and population, project objectives and response intentions, budget range etc…
The potential objectives of the agency’s response. What does the agency want to achieve? Such as:
rehabilitation of basic shelter, provision of basic needs etc…? Knowledge of the objective will help to
focus the selection of critical markets and the whole EMMA.
What are other agencies planning, where and for how long? Do they have specific targeting criteria – such
as
the elderly, children etc.. that need to be taken into consideration?
List of questions and missing information for management to decide between response modalities:
unanswered questions that are essential for response analysis
Additional supporting information:
1.
Keep in mind what data regarding households will be needed at a later stage – in Steps 4 and 7 for example!
In Step 4, you will be asked to:
To verify your understanding of livelihood strategies and seasonal factors for women and men in different
target groups.
To confirm and quantify high-priority un-met needs of target-group households.
To examine any constraints on women’s and men’s access to markets.
To investigate different target groups preferences for assistance.
In order to make full sense of the information needs listed, it is essential to study the process described in Step 7
and understand how this information will be used in the gap analysis.
2.
Who are the target population?
Confusion can arise as to who the target population are. In EMMA, ‘target population’ means the mass of
people who will ultimately benefit from the response. These are not necessarily the individuals who are
directly involved in the agency’s action.
For example, after a cyclone, we have the following responses:
(a)
agricultural labourers are employed on a cash for work scheme to clear the irrigation channels and
agricultural land of debris
(b)
farmers are given vouchers to purchase seeds and agricultural inputs for their land and the newly cleared
land (as a result of the cash for work)
(c)
shop keepers are given grants to restart their businesses and stock agricultural inputs so that the farmers
can exchange their vouchers for inputs.
The ultimate beneficiaries that we want to benefit, the ‘target population’, are the small farmers, agricultural
workers, and their families whose food security and livelihoods we want restored.
The shop keepers are in-direct beneficiaries in this process.
Field based advice:
o
Managerial involvement is essential in ToR finalisation, critical market selection, key analytical question
development, context analysis, key stakeholder identification, and sharing of results and recommendations to
ensure: (a) EMMA reaches expectations and leads to implementation and, (b) follow-up, especially regarding
monitoring and evaluation by the field team. This also increases the added value of the EMMA exercise on the
longer term (especially for slow onset crisis).
o
It is worthwhile reviewing assessment formats and methodologies to ensure that some of the key basic data
requested in this stage (and where possible Steps 4 and 7) is included.
o
Take contact details of good key informants as you may need their inputs in the EMMA process.
o
Do not forget population data relating to the non-target population as we often forget to include their
consumption needs on the markets we analyse. Therefore, understanding the population catchment of your
markets is important. For example: how many people/ households in that are not NGO assisted rely on this
market for rice etc…
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Step 1: Essential Preparation
Before starting Step 1, the EMMA leader should know…
o
the geographical area in which there will be an intervention and basic information regarding the intervention
area and its inhabitants – seasonal calendars, livelihoods etc….
o
the target population (the people who will ultimately benefit from the response) and their needs in order of
priority;
o
potential responses and related objectives. What does the agency want to achieve? Knowledge of the
objective will help to focus the selection of critical markets and the whole EMMA;
o
what market related information is missing and needed for identifying appropriate response modalities.
Objectives
Obtain a good-enough initial understanding of the general emergency situation and agree on who the
potential target population are, where they located etc…
Organize the EMMA team, work-space, logistics, and establish clear TOR for EMMA with management buy-in.
Agree on EMMA Terms of Reference and EMMA expectations (what gaps in information is the EMMA
expected to fill and how will it feed into the on-going response analysis).
Key Outputs
EMMA terms of reference agreed with country management (in writing).
Summary information about the target population (EMMATKp40 Sec1.5) (Box 1.7 in ANNEX Step 1).
Key Activities in Step 1
Background research (ideally before arrival) (EMMATKp35 Sec1.2)
Consultations with colleagues (in-country or in the disaster area) (EMMATKp36 Sec1.3)
Setting up an EMMA working base (EMMATKp39 Sec1.4)
Elaborate EMMA TOR that outlines how EMMA will contribute to the response analysis (EMMATKp40 Sec1.4)
Understand needs assessment results including population targeting and disaggregation (EMMATKp40 Sec1.4,
1.5) and potential response objectives
Additional Supporting Information:
1.
Example Terms of Reference for an EMMA, EMMA Team Leader and Operational Person are available in the
‘EMMA Leader’s Guide’, October 2011, available on
www.emma-toolkit.org
2.
Useful websites for rapid background research (EMMATKp35 Box 1.1, 1.2) (See ANNEX Step 1)
3.
When defining and estimating the total size of your target population; remember to include in your
calculation the number of people who are not considered part of the target population, but who will also use
the same market being assessed. When we assess the capacity of the market to respond to an increase in
demand, we must not forget the existing or potential future demand from the population who either (a) do
not need assistance or (b) will not be part of the agency’s response.
A table illustrating population figures; Box 1.7 adapted with elements from Box 7.1 (EMMATKp43 Box 1.7 and
EMMATKp129 Box7.1) can be used (see Box 1.7 in ANNEX Step 1).
4.
The value of household profiles. Household profiles have multiple uses including:
-
Knowing your target population and understanding who they are, how do they live normally etc…
-
Identifying the ‘gap’ in income and needs (how many litres of potable water a day do households
require after their ability to purchase 0.5 litres from the local shop has been accounted for?)