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Sector assessment: geographical area, population needs, target
population numbers, potential organisational response objectives
Monitoring Indicators: identified indicators are included in M&E
systems to keep the analysis alive and to inform programme decisions
Box 0.13: The 10 steps and 3 strands of EMMA (EMMATKp15)
Steps:
Gap Analysis
Market-System Analysis
Response Analysis
1.
Essential
preparation
Background research
Specify target groups
Background research
on the local economy
Understand
agency mandate.
Confirm TOR
2.
Select critical
market-systems
Select market-systems,
key analytical questions
3.
Preliminary
analysis
Confirm priority needs
Review market profiles
Draft initial baseline and
emergency market maps
Consider plans of
other agencies
4.
Fieldwork
preparation
Prepare household
interview tools
Prepare interview agendas for
different market actors
Rehearse techniques
Prepare interview
agenda for key
informants
5.
Fieldwork
activities
Interview Households
priority needs and
economic profiles,
access constraints;
assistance prefs.
Interview Market Actors:
structure, prices, volumes;
impacts, bottlenecks and
constraints, coping strategies
and conduct
Revise EMMA’s
key questions
Identify response
options and market-
support actions
6.
Mapping the market
Final versions of baseline and
emergency market maps,
seasonal calendars
7.
Gap analysis
Analyse needs vis-à-vis
economic profiles
Quantify gaps
Summarise impact of crisis,
critical bottlenecks
Assess market capability to
respond to gaps.
8.
Market-system analysis
Evaluate response
options incl. market-
support actions
Assess feasibility of
cash / other options
Recommendations
9.
Response analysis
10.
Communicate results
Consult colleagues on findings and proposals.
Write up findings, maps, recommendations
Present conclusions to various audiences
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Crucial Pre-EMMA Preparation: Essential planning and information
EMMA requires data relating to target area, target population numbers, household needs, priorities and response
preferences not only as a starting point to identify the critical market(s) in Step 2, but also in later steps; Steps 4
and 7 in particular. Review Steps 4 and 7 and their data needs for good use of assessment time and resources.
Who should be involved in an EMMA, the role of Managers and Decision Makers?
In addition to technical staff (see Step 1), the following staff should be involved in the EMMA process:
-
Mangers/ Decision makers: the involvement of management is critical for the consensus around:
o
Agency response strategies (target areas, target populations, potential responses, response time
frame, planning time frame,
donor liaison, budgets etc...)
o
EMMA budget and planning (especially if staff are being allocated to the EMMA field work)
o
The purpose of the EMMA (the questions that need answering that will assist response analysis),
the key analytical questions and how it will be applied
o
EMMA response options and recommendations. Managers should be invited to some of the day
to day briefing sessions and response analysis related discussions
o
In ensuring that EMMA findings are incorporated into proposals, response strategies,
internal and
external advocacy messages and strategies
-
Development staff/Any staff who have been working in the affected, target area: To capitalise on existing
knowledge and to reduce any programmatic ‘harm’; where a humanitarian programme negatively affects
a pre-existing programme. EMMA field work should include these staff members and if this is not
possible, they should be included in the analysis findings and response discussions.
-
Logisticians: Logisticians (agency depending) use a form of market analysis when undertaking
procurements and developing of contingency plans. In many agencies they are seen as the ‘go-between’
between the agency and markets in general. These skills and approaches would be useful as would their
involvement should future market based responses be implemented and their involvement needed.
-
Finance staff: An aspect of overall response analysis is to assess the feasibility to implement cash based
programmes, should the assessed market be in a position to respond well or with support. Finance staff
can play this role and could undertake such analysis alongside the EMMA team.
What you need to know before starting the EMMA
A sector specific needs assessment/ secondary data review/ coordination meeting discussions answering the
following questions:
A general understanding of the shock, geographical coverage and the consequences on households/
communities/ and the markets that they use
A general understanding of the livelihoods of the affected population and their seasonal activities
A general understanding of the context – security, gender and marginalisation issues, Government
response, agencies working in the area etc…
Number of households in the affected area, number of households affected, and the number requiring
assistance
Quantified estimations of household needs and priorities and timeframe for assistance
Household preferences in receiving the assistance (cash and/or in-kind)
What are the key or reference markets (the physical markets where most people purchase their food and
livelihood items and where traders depend on to re-stock their items) and financial institutions (where