Can (could) va uning ekbibalenti to be able (to) quydagi lessik ma’nolarini anglatadi

2.3§. “MAY” VA “MUST” MODAL FE’LLARINI QIYOSLAB О‘RGANISH, UNING EKVIVALENTLARINING MA’NOLARI HAMDA О‘ZBEK TILIDA BERILISHI.
Must bilan mayni ikki ma’noda taqqoslash mumkin.
1. may va must faraz va ehtimollikni ifodalaydi, ammo ular parallel kelmaydi.
For all I know, he may be an actor. His face seems so familiar
Bilganim shuki u aktyor bo`lishi mumkin. Uni chehrasi juda tanish
Ye must be an actor. He’s voice carries so well.
U aktyor bo`lishi kerak. Ovozi juda tanish
I saw him an hour go. He may still be in his office now.
Men uni bir soat oldin ko`rgan edim. U hali ham idorasida bo`lishi kerak
Ingliz tilidagi modal fe’llar ya’ni may, must, lar na ish-harakat, na holatni ifodalaydi va faqat so‘zlovchining biror ish-harakattiga bo‘lgani haqida ya’ni, zaruriyat ta’qiqilanganlik, ehtimollik, istak-hohish, ruxsat yoki rad etish, ishonch, maslahat, yo‘llanma, ko‘zda tutish, so‘z berish, oldindan, bashorat, xulosa va boshqalar haqida xabar beradi.
1. I may go to Odessa for my holidays (A. Sulaymonov)¹⁷
Men ta’tilim davomida Odessaga borishim mumkin.
Ushbu gap o‘zbek tilida tarjima qilinganda ehtimollik ma’nosini bildiradi.
2. His name is Smith, so he must be English.
Uning ismi Smit. Shunday ekan u ingliz bo‘lishi kerak. Bu gapda xulosani bildiradi.
3. You must (bought to) see the film.
Siz filmni ko‘rishingiz kerak. (maslahat)
4. If you want to know the English you must learn English language
- Agar siz ingliz tilini bilishni xoxlasangiz, siz ingliz tilini o‘rganishingiz kerak. (zarur)
5. You may (can) go home as soon as you have finished you work
Siz ishingiz tugashi bilanoq uyga kelishingiz mumkin.
6. He will smoke, through his doctor says he shouldn’t
Uning doktori ta’kidlasa ham u sigaret chekyapti
7. Ye can climb to the top of the tallest three. (I. M. Gordan)
U eng baland daraxtning tepasiga chiqa oldi. (jismoniy qobiliyatni ifodalaydi.)
2. may va must ta’qiqlashda faqat bo`lishsiz formaga ham kelishi mumkin. Ammo gohida may bu ma’noda kelishi mumkin, ruhsatga bo`lishsiz javoblarda biz odatda must not yoki can notdan foydalanamiz
May I smoke here?
Be yerga cheksam mumkinmi?
No you mustn’t (you can’t)
Yo`q.