Microsoft Word Deleuze, Guattari- a thousand Plateaus
Yüklə 5,43 Mb. Pdf görüntüsü
|
NOTES TO PP. 366-371 □ 555
point of view, the State involves in the construction only those who are paid to implement or command, and who are obliged to follow the model of a preestablished experimentation."
30. On the question of the "Colbert lobby," see Daniel Dessert and Jean-Louis Journet, "Le Lobby Colbert. Un royaume, ou une affaire de famille?" Annates, 30, no. 6 (November-December 1975), pp. 1303-1336. 31. See Ibn Khaldun, The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History, trans. Franz Rosenthal (Princeton, N J.: Princeton University Press, 1967). One of the essential themes of this masterpiece is the sociological problem of the esprit de corps, and its ambiguity. Ibn Khaldun contrasts bedouinism (the bedouin life-style, not the ethnic group) with sedentarity or city living. The first aspect of this opposition is the inverted relation between the public and the secret: not only is there a secrecy of the bedouin war machine, as opposed to the publicity of the State city dweller, but in the first case "eminence" is based on a secret solidarity, while in the second case the secret is subordinated to the demands of social eminence. Second, bedouinism brings into play both a great purity and a great mobility of the lineages and their genealogy, whereas city life makes for lineages that are very impure, and at the same time rigid and fixed: Solidarity has a different meaning at either pole. Third, and this is the main point, bedouin lineages mobilize an esprit de corps and integrate into it, as a new dimension: this is asablyah, or ikhtilat, from which the Arabic word for socialism is derived (Ibn Khaldun stresses the absence of any "power" residing in the tribal chief, who has no State constraints at his disposal). On the other hand, in city living the esprit de corps becomes a dimension of power and is adapted for "autocracy." 32. The principal texts of Husserl are Ideas, trans. W. R. Gibson (New York: Humanities Press, 1976), part 1, sec. 74, and Edmund Husserl's Origin of Geometry: An Introduction, trans. John P. Leavey, Jr., ed. David B. Allison (Stoney Brook, N.Y.: N. Hayes, 1978) (with Derrida's very important commentary, pp. 118-132). On the issue of a vague yet rigorous sci- ence, we may refer to the formula of Michel Serres, in his commentary on the geometrical fig- ure called the salinon: "It is rigorous, anexact. And not precise, exact or inexact. Only a metrics is exact" (Naissance de la physique, p. 29). Gaston Bachelard's book Essai sur la
constituting a rigor of the anexact, and of their creative role in science. 33. Gilbert Simondon has contributed much to the analysis and critique of the hylo-morphic schema and of its social presuppositions ("form corresponds to what the man in command has thought to himself, and must express in a positive manner when he gives his orders: form is thus of the order of the expressible"). To the form-matter schema, Simondon opposes a dynamic schema, that of matter endowed with singularities-forces, or the energetic conditions at the basis of a system. The result is an entirely different conception of the relations between science and technology. See L'individu et sa genese
34. In Timaeus, 28-29, Plato entertains for an instant the thought that Becoming is not simply the inevitable characteristic of copies or reproductions, but could itself be a model rivaling the Identical and the Uniform. He states this hypothesis only in order to reject it; for it is true that if becoming is a model, not only must the duality of the model and the copy, of the model and reproduction, disappear, but the very notions of model and reproduction tend to lose all meaning, [ TRANS
:
Deleuze develops this point in "Plato and the Simulacrum," trans. Rosalind Krauss, October, 27 (Winter 1983), pp. 45-56. See especially p. 53.] 3 5. [
TRANS :
Friedrich Nietzsche, The Will to Power, trans. Walter Kaufmann (New York: Vintage, 1968), sec. 630(1885), p. 336.]
36. The situation is in fact more complex than that, and gravity is not the only feature of the dominant model: there is heat in addition to gravity (already in chemistry, combustion is coupled with weight). Even so, the problem was to know to what extent the "thermal field"
556 □ NOTES TO PP. 371-379
deviated from gravitational space, or on the contrary was integrated with it. Monge is a typical example; he began by grouping heat, light, and electricity as "variable affections of bodies," the concern of "specific physics," while general physics would deal with extension, gravity, and movement. It was only later that Monge unified all of the fields under general physics (Anne Querrien).
37. Serres, La naissance de la physique, p. 65. 38. Carlos Castaneda, The Teachings of Don Juan (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971), p. 88. 39. Albert Lautman has shown quite clearly how Riemann spaces, for example, admit a Euclidean conjunction making it possible at all times to define the parallelism of two neigh- boring vectors; this being the case, instead of exploring a multiplicity by legwork, the multipli- city is treated as though "immersed in a Euclidean space with a sufficient number of dimensions." See Les sch'emas de structure (Paris: Hermann, 1938), pp. 23-24, 43-47. 40. In Bergson, the relations between intuition and intelligence are very complex, and they are in perpetual interaction. Bouligand's theme is also relevant here: the dualism of the two mathematical elements, the "problem" and the "global synthesis," is developed only when they enter a field of interaction in which the global synthesis defines the "categories" without which the problem would have no general solution. See Le d'eclin des absolus math'ematico-logiques. 41. Marcel Detienne, in Les maitres de v'erit'e dans la Grece archdique (Paris: Maspero, 1973), clearly articulates these two poles of thought, which correspond to the two aspects of sovereignty according to Dumezil: the magico-religious speech of the despot or of the "old man of the sea," and the dialogue-speech of the city. Not only are the principal character types of Greek thought (the Poet, the Physicist, the Philosopher, the Sophist, etc.) situated in rela- tion to these poles, but Detienne interposes between the two poles a distinct group, the Warri- ors, which brings about transition or evolution. 42. There exists a Hegelianism of the right that lives on in official political philosophy and weds the destiny of thought to the State. Alexandre Kojeve ("Tyranny and Wisdom," in Leo Strauss, On Tyranny [New York: Free Press of Glencoe, 1963]) and Eric Weil (Hegel et
Max Weber there developed a whole line of reflection on the relation of the modern State to Reason, both as rational-technical and as reasonable-human. If it is objected that this ration- ality, already present in the archaic imperial State, is the optimum of the governors them- selves, the Hegelians respond that the rational-reasonable cannot exist without a minimum of participation by everybody. The question, rather, is whether the very form of the rational-reasonable is not extracted from the State, in a way that necessarily makes it right, gives it "reason" (lui donner necessairement "raison"). 43. On the role of the ancient poet as a "functionary of sovereignty," see Dumezil,
pp. 17ff. 44. See Michel Foucault's analysis of Maurice Blanchot and the form of exteriority of thought: "La pensee du dehors," Critique, no. 229 (June 1966), pp. 523-548. 45. Nietzsche, Schopenhauer as Educator, in Untimely Meditations, trans. R. J. Hollingdale (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983), pp. 177-178. 46. A curious text of Karl Jaspers, entitled Descartes und die Philosophie (Berlin: W. de Gruyter, 1956), develops this point of view and accepts its implications. 47. Kenneth White, Intellectual Nomadism. The title of the second volume of this unpublished work is Poetry and Tribe. 48. [ TRANS
:
Arthur Rimbaud, A Season in Hell, trans. Louise Varese (Norfolk, Conn.: New Directions, 1952), pp. 9, 13, 17, 39.] Yüklə 5,43 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
|