Microsoft Word Deleuze, Guattari- a thousand Plateaus
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0 NOTES TO PP. 463-472 □ 571
a totalitarianism, precisely because of its minimal State, its refusal of any statification of the economy, its reduction of wages, its hostility toward large-scale public works. But at the same time, he shows that Nazism carries out the creation of domestic capital, strategic construc- tion, and the building of an arms industry, which makes it rival or sometimes even meld with an economy of socialist leaning ("something that seems to resemble the Swedish loans praised by Myrdal with a view to large-scale projects, but which is in fact and immediately its oppo- site, the writing of an arms economy and a war economy," and the corresponding difference between "the public works entrepreneur" and the "army supplier"; pp. 668, 674).
63. See the critical list of the axioms of the periphery presented by Samir Amin, Accumu- lation on a Worldscale, pp. 390-394. 64. Paul Virilio, L'ins'ecurite du territoire (Paris: Stock, 1975); Speed and Politics, trans. Mark Polizzotti (New York: Semiotext[e], 1986); Defense populaire et luttes ecologiques (Paris: Galilee, 1978), forthcoming in English translation from Semiotext(e) as Popular Defense and Ecological Struggles: it is precisely beyond fascism and total war that the war machine finds its complete object, in the menacing peace of nuclear deterrence. It is there that the reversal of Clausewitz's formula takes on a concrete meaning, at the same time as State politics tends to wither and the war machine takes over a maximum of civil functions ("place the whole of civil society under the regime of military security," "disqualify the whole of the planet's habitat by stripping the peoples of their quality of inhabitant," "erase the distinction between wartime and peacetime"; see the role of the media in this respect). Certain European police forces could be taken as an example, when they claim the right to "shoot on sight": they cease to be a cogwheel in the State apparatus and become pieces in a war machine. 65. Braudel shows how this center of gravity formed in northern Europe, but at the out- come of movements that, starting in the ninth and tenth centuries, put the European spaces of the North and the South in competition or rivalry with one another (this problem is not to be confused with that of the town-form and State-form, but does intersect with it). See "Naissance d'une economie-monde," Urbi, no. 1 (September 1979), pp. 3-20. 66. A movement in Marxist research formed on the basis of the work of Mario Tronti
Bourgois, 1977]), then that of Italian autonomy and Antonio Negri, whose aim was to analyze the new forms of work and the struggle against work. It was a question of showing simultane- ously: (1) that the struggle against work is not an accidental or "marginal" phenomenon in capitalism, but one essential to the composition of capital (the growth in the proportion of constant capital), and, (2) that this phenomenon engenders a new type of worldwide struggle—workers' struggles, popular struggles, ethnic struggles—in every domain. See Antonio Negri, especially Marx Beyond Marx: Lessons on the Grundrisse, ed. Jim Fleming, trans. Harry Cleaver, Michael Ryan, and Maurizion Viano (South Hadley, Mass.: Bergin and Garvey, 1984); Karl Heinz Roth, Die "andere" Arbeiterbewegung (Munich: Trikont, 1974); and the current work in France of Yann Moulier, Alain and Daniele Guillerm, Benjamin Coriat, etc. [ TRANS :
The best sources on the autonomy movement in English are Italy: Autonomia. Post-Political Politics, Semiotext(e), vol. 3, no. 3 (1980) and Autonomy and the Crisis. Italian Marxist Texts of the Theory and Praxis of a Class Movement: 1964-1979 (Lon- don: Red Notes and CSE Books, 1979). Marx Beyond Marx includes a lengthy epilogue by Michael Ryan summarizing Negri's major works and a bibliography of writings on the Italian movement available in English.] 67. This is one of the essential theses of Tronti, who defined the new conceptions of the "mass-worker" and of the relation to work: "To struggle against capital, the working class must fight against itself insofar as it is capital; this is the maximal stage of contradiction, not forthe workers, but for the capitalists __ The plan of capital begins to run backward, not as a social a ., D 572 □ NOTES TO PP. 472-481
has called the "crisis of the planning state" (Crisi dello Stato-plano [Milan: Feltrinelli, 1974]).
68. This is another aspect of the present-day situation: in addition to the new struggles tied to work and the evolution in work, there is the entire domain of what are called "alterna- tive practices" and the construction of such practices (pirate radio stations would be the simplest example; other examples are urban community networks, the alternative to psychia- try, etc.). On all these points, and the link between the two aspects, see Franco Berardi Bifo, Finalemente il cielo e caduto sulla terra (Milan: Squilibri, 1978); and Les Untorelli, Re-cherches, no. 30 (1977) (special issue on autonomia).
14.1440: The Smooth and the Striated 1. Andre Leroi-Gourhan, L'homme el la matiere (Paris: Albin Michel, 1971), pp. 244ff. (and the opposition between fabric and felt). 2. William Faulkner, Sartoris (New York: Random House, 1956), p. 151. 3. On the history of the quilt and patchwork in American immigration, see Jonathan Holstein, American Pieced Quilts (New York: Viking, 1973) (with reproductions and bibliog- raphy). Holstein does not claim that the quilt is the principal source of American art, but he does note the extent to which the "white on white" of plain quilts and patchwork composi- tions inspired or gave impetus to certain tendencies in American painting: "We can see in many [quilts] such phenomena as 'op' effects, serial images, use of 'color fields,' deep under- standing of negative space, mannerisms of formal abstraction and the like," (p. 13). 4. Pierre Boulez, Boulez on Music Today, trans. Susan Bradshaw and Richard Bennett (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1971), pp. 83ff. We provide a summary of Boulez's analysis in the following paragraph. 5. [ TRANS
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Boulez, Boulez on Music Today, p. 87. Translation modified.] 6. On this indexing of the inside and the outside among the nomads of the desert, see Annie Milovanoff, "La seconde peau du nomade," Nouvelles litteraires, no. 2646 (July 27, 1978), p. 18. And on the relations between the igloo and the outside among the nomads of the ice, see Edmund Carpenter, Eskimo (Toronto: Toronto University Press, 1964). 7. See the two convergent descriptions of the space of ice and the space of sand: Edmund Carpenter, Eskimo, and Wilfred Thesiger, Arabian Sands (London: Longmans, Green, 1959). (In both cases, there is an indifference to astronomy.) 8. See Pierre Chaunu's study, L'expansion europeenne du XHIe au XVe siecle (Paris: PUF, 1969), pp. 288-305. 9. See in particular Paul Adam, "Navigation primitive et navigation astronomique," in Les aspects internalionaux de la decouverte oceanique aux XVe et XVIe siecles. Ve Colloque international d'histoire maritime, ed. Michel Mollat and Paul Adam (Paris: SEVPEN, 1960), pp. 91-112. (See the operative geometry of the pole star.)
10. Guy Beaujouan, "Science livresque et nautique au XVe siecle," Les aspects interna-tionaux de la decouverte oceanique, pp. 61-90. 11. See Paul Virilio, L'ins'ecurite du territoire (Paris: Stock, 1975), on how the sea reconstitutes a smooth space with the "fleet in being," etc.; and how a vertical smooth space of aerial and stratospheric domination springs up (especially chapter 4, "Le littoral vertical," pp. 93-109). 12. Emmanuel Laroche, Histoire de la racine "Nem " en grec ancien (Paris: Klincksieck, 1949), clearly notes the difference between the ideas of distribution and allocation, between the two linguistic groups concerned, between the two kinds of space, between the "province" pole and the "city" pole. 13. This expression is found in Rene Thorn, who applies it to a continuous variation in Yüklə 5,43 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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