Methods for impurity profiling of heroin and cocaine
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- Bu səhifədəki naviqasiya:
- Table 4. Alkaloidal impurities in cocaine and their sources (continued)
- Table 6. Cocaine: diluents (cutting agents to dilute the sample)
- ANNEX III REFERENCE CHROMATOGRAMS AND PEAK IDENTIFICATION TABLES Figure I. Capillary gas chromatograms of illicit heroin samples
60 Methods for impurity profiling of heroin and cocaine (b) Cocaine trace-level impurities Typical source Heptadienoylecgonine methyl ester Coca leaf
Coca leaf Trans-3-heptenoylecgonine methyl ester Coca leaf Trans-, trans-2,4-hexadienoylecgonine methyl ester Coca leaf Hexanoylecgonine methyl ester Coca leaf Trans-2-hexenoylecgonine methyl ester Coca leaf Trans-3-hexenoylecgonine methyl ester Coca leaf Trans-4-hexenoylecgonine methyl ester Coca leaf 2’-Hydroxybenzoylpseudotropine Coca leaf 1-Hydroxycocaine Coca leaf 3’-Hydroxycocaine Coca leaf; no 2’ or 4’ isomers detected 4"-Hydroxycocaine Coca leaf 4$-Hydroxycocaine Coca leaf 5-Hydroxycocaine Coca leaf 6-endo-Hydroxycocaine Coca leaf 6-exo-Hydroxycocaine Coca leaf 7-endo-Hydroxycocaine Coca leaf 7-exo-Hydroxycocaine Coca leaf 1-Hydroxytropacocaine Coca leaf 6-exo-Hydroxytropacocaine Coca leaf Isobutyroylecgonine methyl ester Coca leaf Isovaleroylecgonine methyl ester Coca leaf Nicotinoylecgonine methyl ester Coca leaf 3"-Phenylacetoxytropane Coca leaf Pseudococaine Coca leaf Pseudoecgonine Hydrolysis of pseudococaine Pseudoecgonine methyl ester GC: solvent MeOH + trace bicarbonate (crack) Hydrolysis and epimerization of cocaine (the very low levels of pseudococaine in sample make it an unlikely co-source) Propionoylecgonine methyl ester Coca leaf 2’-Pyrroloylecgonine methyl ester Coca leaf Senecioylecgonine methyl ester Coca leaf Tigloylecgonine methyl ester Coca leaf 3’,4’,5’-Trimethoxybenzoyltropine Coca leaf
Coca leaf Trans-3’,4’,5’-trimethoxycinnamoylcocaine Coca leaf Trans-3’,4’,5’-trimethoxycinnamoylpseudotropine Coca leaf Trans-3’,4’,5’-trimethoxycinnamoyltropine Coca leaf 3’,4’,5’-Trimethoxycocaine Coca leaf 3’,4’,5’-Trimethoxytropacocaine Coca leaf Tropacocaine Coca leaf (levels higher than 1% relative to cocaine may indicate addition of the com- mercially available product) Tropacocalline Coca leaf: presence in leaf not confirmed. 16 theoretical diastereomers–10 observed.
O 2 = oxidation. Table 4. Alkaloidal impurities in cocaine and their sources (continued) Annex II 61 Table 5. Cocaine: adulterants (non-coca-related cutting agents with pharmacological effects) Allobarbital Ephedrine Nicotinamide Amphetamine Fentanyl
Nitrazepam Antipyrine Flunitrazepam Paracetamol (acetaminophen) Aspirin Flurazepam Phenacetin Atropine
Lidocaine (lignocaine) Phenobarbital Benzocaine MDEA
a Piracetam Benzoic acid MDMA
b Procaine
Caffeine Methadone Quinine Diazepam
Methamphetamine Tetracaine Dipyrone Methaqualone Theophylline a 3,4-Methylenedioxyethylamphetamine. b 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine. Table 6. Cocaine: diluents (cutting agents to dilute the sample) Ascorbic acid Inositol Mannitol
Citric acid Lactose
Mannose Fructose Lysine Sorbitol Glucose
Maltose Sucrose
ANNEX III REFERENCE CHROMATOGRAMS AND PEAK IDENTIFICATION TABLES Figure I. Capillary gas chromatograms of illicit heroin samples 63 Peaks:
1 = nicotinamide-TMS 2 = meconin 3 = caffeine 4 = glucose-TMS 5 = phenobarbital-TMS 6 = methaqualone 7 = acetylcodeine 8 = acetylthebaol 9 = morphine-TMS 10 = 6-O-acetylmorphine-TMS 11 = diacetylmorphine 12 = papaverine 13 = phenolphthalein-TMS 14 = narcotine S = n-tetracosane (internal standard) Note: TMS = trimethylsilyl derivative. (Top = uncut heroin sample; bottom = cut heroin sample)
linked; carrier gas 0.7 bar hydrogen, split 20 ml/min; make-up gas 18 ml argon/min; oven temperature programme 150° C to 280° C at 9° C/min, then 0.5 min isothermal; and injec- tor/detector (FID) temperatures 250° C/280° C. Source: Reprinted from Forensic Science International, vol. 44, No. 1, H. Neumann, “Comments on the routine profiling of illicit heroin samples”, pp. 85-87. Copyright 1990, with permission from Elsevier. Yüklə 0,54 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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