Msoflio bankis satyeo seqtoris ganviTarebis proeqti

gareuli cxovelebis sabinadro savargulebis daxasiaTeba
gareuli cxovelebis sabinadro garemos Semqmneli ZiriTadi Tvisebebi, romlebic uSualod gamovlindeba tyis fondis savargulebSi, Semdegia:

1. 
   tyis jiSebis Sedgeniloba da zonaluri gavrceleba, mcenareuli safaris zonaluroba – rogorc gareuli cxovelebis gavrcelebis indikatori;
   
2. 
   koromTa Sedgeniloba, gabatonebuli jiSebi, tyis tipebi – gareuli cxovelebis TavSesafaris pirobebis ganmasxvavebeli maxasiaTebeli;
   
3. 
   nayofis momcemi tyisa da qvetyis jiSebi – gareuli cxovelebis sakvebis maragis potencialis ganmasxvavebeli maxasiaTebeli;
   
4. 
   xnovanebis klasebi – nayofierebis unari da koromis suqcesiuri stadia;
   
5. 
   sixSire – savargulebis mozaikurobis da saerTo maragis ganmsazRvreli maxasiaTebeli;
   
6. 
   nayofierebis periodizmi da mosavlianoba;
   
7. 
   tyeebis zrdisa da gavrcelebis azonaluri da zonaluri pirobebi. gareuli cxovelebis gavrcelebis, gansaxlebis da staciebSi ganTavsebis vertikalur – zonaluri diapazonis ganmsazRvreli maxasiaTeblebi.
   

tyis fondis savargulebis farTobebis eqsplikacia nayofis momcemi da sakvebis maragis Semqmneli jiSebis mixedviT

cxrili #2

#	dasaxeleba	farTobi (ha)	%
1	wifeli	37 726	51.7
2	muxa	9 553	13.5
3	wabli	858	1.2
4	akacia	5	0.01
5	panta	24	0.03
6	kakali	8	0.01
7	Txili	9	0.01
8	maJalo	1	-
9	Sindi	8	0.01
10	wyavi	1 236	1.7
11	soWi	11 517	15.8
12	naZvi	501	0.7
13	fiWvi	2 139	2.9
14	nekerCxali	430	0.6
15	ifani	14	0.02
16	jagrcxila	408	0.6
17	Txmela	730	0.9
18	aryi	267	0.4
19	verxvi	350	0.5
20	alvis xe	5	0.01
21	cacxvi	288	0.4
22	tirifi	47	0.05
23	Eyori	9	0.01
24	Sqeri	354	0.5
25	ieli	1	-
26	deka	128	0.2
	sul	73 019	100

tyis fondis savargulebis arasatyeo miwebis farTobebis eqsplikacia

cxrili #3

#	dasaxleba	farTobi (ha)	%
1	velobi	77	3.7
2	saxnavi	2	0.1
3	saTibi	105	5
4	saZovari	1181	53.4
5	wylebi	42	2.
6	baRebi	19	0.9
7	gzebi	39	1.8
8	sakarmidamo	1	0.05
9	sxva miwebi	686	33.05
	sul	2075	100

tyis jiSebis farTobebis eqsplikacia xnovanebis jgufebis mixedviT

cxrili #4

#	dasaxeleba	xnovanebis jgufebi (ha)
		axal-gazrda	Sua xnovani	momwifari	mwife	sul	%
1	magarmerqniani foTlovani	6 586	24 272	5 573	17 704	54 135	74.1
2	wiwviani	1 344	3 904	1 288	7 620	14 156	19.4
3	rbilmerqniani foTlovani	119	583	476	514	1 692	2.3
4	sxva jiSebi	621	522	107	58	1 308	1.8
5	buCqnarebi	21	302	780	545	1 728	2.4
	sul	8 691	26 663	8 224	26 441	73 019	100
	%	11.8	40.6	11.3	36.3	100

qvetye warmodgenilia, rogorc foTolmcveni, ise maradmwvane tye- buCqnari jiSebiT, romelTagan meti wili nayofis momcemia da qmnis gareuli cxovelebisTvis mniSvnelovan sakvebis marags. meores mxriv, xSiri maradmwvane qvetye Zalian maRal xarisxs aniWebs savargulebs, rogorc gareuli cxovelebis TavSesafars. qvetyeSi warmodgenilia panta, maJalo, Txili, wiTeli da Savi kuneli, askili, mayvali, mocvi, wyavi, Sindi, Sqeri, Wyori, ieli, deka. mxviara mcenareebidan nayofismomcemia suro da ekalRiWi. balaxis safarSi warmodgenilia: isli, wivana, Zigva, barispira, nemsiwvera, duci, Wyimi, diyi, gvirila, saTiTura, SroSani, kenkeSa, mTis Caduna, gvimra, Tivaqasra, giganturi wbila, CitisTvala, TeTrZira, xarisTvala. da sxva.

tyis fondis savargulebis farTobebis eqsplikacia ferdobebis daqanebis mixedviT.

cxrili #5

#	ferdobis daqaneba	farTobi (ha)	%
1	0-5^0	175	0,2
2	6-15^0	6106	8,4
3	16-20^0	10545	14,4
4	21-25^0	14456	19,8
5	26-30^0	14741	20,2
6	31-45^0	26996	37,0
	sul	73019	100

tyis fondis savargulebis warmodgenili ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi, gareuli cxovelebis sabinadro garemos Semqmneli Tvisebebis mxriv gamoirCeva Zalian maRali xarisxiT, magram am savargulebSi ar aris aRniSnuli maTi Tvisebebis da xarisxis gareuli cxovelebis ricxovnoba da dasaxlebis simWidrove. am sakiTxSi gasarkvevad saWiro gaxda gareuli cxovelebis ricxovnobis da dasaxlebis simWidrovis malimitebeli zonaluri da azonaluri faqtorebis gamovlena, romlebic amZafreben gareuli cxovelebis arsebobis pirobebs.

gareuli Cliqosani cxovelebis arsebobisaTvis Tovlis safaris simaRlis kritikuli zRvari:

cxrili #6

#	saxeoba	Tovlis safaris simaRle (sm)
		moZraoben	moZraoba SezRudulia	moZraoba SeuZlebelia
1	iremi Ad	30-40	50-60	80-100
	iremi Juv	15-20	30-40	50-60
2	SveliAAd	20-30	30-40	60-80
	Sveli Juv	10-15	20-25	30-50
2	jixvi Ad	25-30	40-50	70-90
	jixvi Juv	15-20	25-30	40-50
2	arCvi Ad	20-30	40-45	60-80
	arCvi Juv	10-15	20-30	40-50
2	gareuli Rori Ad	20-30	30-45	70-100
	gareuli Rori Juv	10-15	20-25	30-40

gareuli Cliqosani cxovelebi moipoveben Tovlis safaris qveS moqceul sakvebs Semdegi zRvruli siRrmeebis farglebSi:

1. 
   Sveli _ ara umetes 15 sm;
   
2. 
   jixvi _ ara umetes 30-40 sm;
   
3. 
   iremi _ ara umetes 20-30 sm;
   
4. 
   arCvi _ ara umetes 20 sm;
   
5. 
   gareuli Rori _ ara umetes 40-50 sm, gaWirvebiT 60-70 sm siRrmidan.
   

gareuli cxovelebi maRali, kritikuli Tovlis safaris pirobebSi advilad xelmisawvdomi xdebian mtaceblebisaTvis.

gareuli cxovelebis woniTi datvirTva nakvalevze (grami/sm²), kidurebis ZiriTadi da damatebiTi sayrdeni farTobis mixedviT.

cxrili 7

#	saxeoba	woniTi datvirTva nakvalevze g/sm^2
1	daTvi	140 – 185
2	mgeli	100 – 110
3	mela	40 – 45
4	focxveri	35 – 50
5	tyis kata	90 – 120
6	wyavi	45 – 50
7	dedofala	5 – 6
8	kverna	20 – 25
9	jixvi	600 – 650
10	arCvi	190 – 200
11	iremi	400 – 490
12	Sveli	300 – 360
13	gareuli Rori	850 – 900
14	kurdReli	35 – 40
15	mRrRnelebi	25 - 30

warmodgenili maCveneblebis mixedviT, maRali Tovlis pirobebSi, mtaceblebi advilad moipoveben gareul Cliqosan cxovelebs, vinaidan mtaceblebis woniTi datvirTva 3 - 7 jer naklebia, vidre Cliqosani cxovelebisa.

meore azonaluri faqtori, romelsac gaaCnia gareuli Cliqosani cxovelebisTvis malimitebeli efeqti, aris ferdobis daqaneba. sakvlevi teritoriis 43 % mdebareobs 25⁰ – ze naklebi daxrilobis ferdobebze, xolo 57 % mdebareobs 26 – 45⁰ daqanebis ferdobebze.

Sua tyis zonis Cliqosani cxovelebisTvis (Sveli, iremi, gareuli Rori) malimitirebeli mniSvneloba aqvs ferdobis daxrilobis 30⁰ maCvenebels. isini normalurad binadroben 10 – 25⁰ – mde daqanebis ferdobebze, epizodurad 26 – 30⁰ ian daqanebis ferdobebze da eridebian 30^{0 -} sze meti daxrilobis ferdobze binadrobas.

maRal mTaSi mobinadre gareuli Cliqosani cxovelebi (jixvi da arCvi), Tavisi bio – fiziologiuri TvisebebiT adaptirebulni arian didi daqanebis ferdobebis pirobebSi arsebobisaTvis. maTTvis am faqtors gadamwyveti malimitirebeli mniSvneloba ar aqvs.

Sua tyis zonis gareuli cxovelebis vertikalur - zonaluri adgilgadanacvlebis diapazonia 1000 – 2500 m/zRvis donidan, xolo maRali mTis cxovelTa 1500-3000 m adgilgadanacvlebis manZili saSualod 10 – 25 kilometrs Seadgens.

zamTris eqstremalur pirobebSi, gareuli cxovelebis koncentrireba xdeba zamTris sadgom farTobebze, rac Seadgens maTi sazafxulo sabinadro savargulebis 10-40%, amis gamo isini advilad xelmisawvdomni xdebian mtacebeli nadirisa da brakonierebisaTvis.

gareuli cxovelebis resursebis dacvis, SenarCunebis da aRwarmoebisaTvis saWirod migvaCnia zamTris gadarCenis staciebis bioteqnikuri keTilmowyoba, damatebiTi sakvebi maragis xelovnuri Seqmna, gareuli cxovelebis dacva brakonierebisagan.

niadagebi

ambrolauris raionis reliefi, qvefenili qanebi, mcenareuli safari da klimaturi pirobebi (adamianis sameurneo moqmedebasTan erTad) gansazRvraven niadaguri safaris nairgvarobas. raionSi, mTa-goriani reliefis pirobebSi gavrcelebulia mTa-mdelos alpuri da subalpuri niadagebi. maT qveda zolSi gamoyofilia yomrali da kordian-karbonatuli niadagebi. isini erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdebian xirxatianobiT, Camorecxvis xaris­xiTa da qimiuri maCveneblebiT. mdinareTa terasebze mcire gavrcelebiT xasiaT­deba aluviuri niadagebi.

mTa-mdelos niadagebi

vertikaluri zonalobis sqemaSi mTa-mdeloTa niadagebs ukavia yvelaze maRali pozicia kavkasionis maRalmTian mxareSi. isini viTardebian maRalmTiani mxareebis subal­pur da alpur zonaSi sqeli balaxovani mcenareulobis qveS da zemodan sazR­v­ra­ven mTa-tyeTa niadagebs. verti­ka­lu­­ri gavrcelebiT maT ukaviaT z. d. 1800-2000 m-dan 2800-3000 m-mde sartyeli.

meqanikuri analizis monacemebiT niadagi mZime Tixna­ria. fizikuri Tixis (<0,01 mm) maCvenebeli 42,3-50,4%-s Seadgens. lamis fraq­cia dabalia da 9-16%-s ar aRemateba. higroskopuli wyali profilSi 2,5-4,2%-ia. humusis SemcvelobiT niadagi Raribia da misi raodenoba 1,9-2,1%-s ar aRemateba. iSviaTad, calkeuli nakveTebi uzrunvelyofilia humusiT 8%-is ode­no­biT. saerTo azoti korelaciur kavSirSi imyofeba humusTan da 0,11-0,37%-s Soris cvalebadobs. mcenarisaTvis SesaTvisebeli xsnadi fosforiT niadagi Raribia. profi­l­Si misi maCvenebelia 0,7-12,7 mg/100 gr niadagze. Raribia niadagi moZravi kaliumis SemcvelobiTac da 7,1-8,7 mg-s Seadgens. gamonakliss warmoadgens humusiT uzrunvelyofili konturebi, sadac kaliumi 36% mg-s aRemateba. STanTqmul fuZeTa jami dabalia. maTi maCvenebeli 16,2-16,5 mil. eqv-is tolia.

yomrali niadagebi
ambrolauris raionSi yomrali niadagebi gavrcelebulia mTa-goriani rTuli reliefis pirobebSi (borcvebiT, xeobebiT, qedebiT, daxrili ferdobebiTa da sxv.), rac gamowveulia regionis rTuli geologiuri agebulebiT, qanebis liTologiuri SedgenilobiT.

miwaTmoqmedebaSi ambrolauris raionis yomral niadagebs didi gamoyeneba aqvs. naklebad danawevrebul zeganisebur reliefze gavrcelebulia didi da saSualo sisqis niadagebi, romlebic aTvisebulia erTwliani da mravalwliani kulturebiT. saxnavebad aris gamoyenebuli mcire sisqis niadagebis nawili. mcire da saSualo sisqis, sxvadasxva xarisxiT Camorecxili niadagebi ukavia saTibebs da saZovrebs. sakmaod didi farTobi dakavebulia tye-buCqnarebiT.

Qambrolauris raionSi gavrcelebulia umetesad Tixnari yomralebi. meqanikuri Sedgenilobis mixedviT, niadagis sxvadasxva nakveTebSi fizikuri Tixis (<0,01 mm) maC­ve­neblebi 25-50%-s Soris cvalebadobs. calkeuli profilebi mZime meqanikuri Sedgenilobisaa _ fizikuri Tixa 51-82%-s Soris mer­yeobs (msubuqi da saSualo Tixa). lamis fraqcia did farg­le­b­Si cvalebadobs. higroskopiuli wyali profilSi 1,7-8,4%-is farglebSia. yomrali niadagi umetesad mcire humusiania. akumulaciur horizontSi misi maC­ve­nebeli 1-4%-ia, siRrmiT mkveTrad ecema. maRalhumusian nak­ve­Te­bSi 5-8%-s Seadgens da eluviur hori­zon­t­Sic 2-4%-is odenobiTaa. zogan humusiani horizonti Camorecxvis gamo mxolod nawi­lo­b­rivaa gavrcelebuli. humusTan korelaciur kavSirSia saerTo azoti, romelic profilSi 0,13-0,39%-s Soris cvalebadobs.

Qtyis yomrali niadagebis gavrcelebis areSi zedapiruli erozia Zlieraa ganviTarebuli. amitom eroziis winaaRmdeg brZolas didi yuradReba eqceva. niadagis damuSavebis swor sistemasTan erTad (gardigardmo moxv­na, naTesebis dajvaredineba da sxv.), mniSvneloba aqvs tyis meur­ne­o­bis swor organizacias da eqspluatacias, wyaldamWeri da wyalgamtari kvlebis mowyobasa da niadagsafari kulturebis gaSenebas.