theory of objectivity
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6.15 Definition of the speed of light
If a light signal propagates in space, then as a consequence of the velocity of propagation
c, it at a certain point in time t is in a distance r of the light source:
r = c * t
(6.19)
S h o u l d the speed of light become smaller for instance by
then the light signal
obviously has covered a distance less by Ar or the time interval has changed by
(6.20)
This equation describes purely mathematically the most general case which can be
assumed. By writing out the multiplication and subtraction of equation 6.18 the change in
distance considered for itself is:
(6.21)
The answer of mathematics is that the change in distance can have its cause in a change in
time, in a change of speed or in both. We now want to turn to the physical interpretation
and have a closer
look at the two possibilities, in which either c or t is to be taken constant
(see fig. 6.16).
In the first case the speed of light c is constant and as a consequence the change
= zero.
The mathematical formulation (according to eq. 6.21) therefore reads:
case 1:
(relativity) (6.22)
If in this conception world a change in distance is observed, for instance the Lorentz
contraction, then in order to save this relation inevitably a change in time, for instance a
time dilatation, has to make the compensation. Einstein in an applicable manner speaks of
relativity, because according to his opinion in the case of both variables, the length
contraction and the time dilatation, it only concerns observed changes.
For the time dilatation experiments are given. But for the measurement of time always
only atomic clocks are available and their speed of running of course could also be
influenced by the Lorentz contraction. In any case it can't be claimed the time dilatation is
proven experimentally as long as we do not know the mechanisms of decay of atoms.
Otherwise the statements of the theory of relativity are familiar to us, for which reason
further remarks seem unnecessary.
In the second case the time t is constant and consequently the change At = zero. At a closer
look this case is much more obvious, since why should time change. After all time has
been stipulated by definition.
After all, we are the ones who tell, what simultaneity is!
The mathematical formulation for this case reads (eq. 6.21 with = 0):
case 2:
(objectivity) (6.23)
This equation does open up for us an until now completely unknown and fundamentally
other way of looking at the physical reality.
124
relativity and objectivity
Fig. 6.16: Theory of relativity and theory of objectivity,
derivation and comparison.
theory of objectivity
125
6.16 Relativity and objectivity
New to the second case (equation 6.23) is particularly the proportionality contained in it:
(6.25 = 6.2)
But to us it is not new, because we have derived the same proportionality from the model
conept (equation 6.2, fig. 6.2), in which the elementary particles are understood as
spherical
vortices.
Equantion 6.25 unconcealed brings to knowledge that any change of the speed of light c
[m/s] in the same way leads to a change of the radius r [m], the distance between two
points in space or
even the length of an object, e.g. a rule. Such a rule after all consists of
nothing but spherical atoms and elementary particles and for their radius r again the
proportionality 6.25 holds. Therefore it is to be set:
r ~ 1
(6.26)
and taken both together we already had derived as equation 6.18 (fig. 6.11) from the field
dependency. Here the vortex model as well finds a confirmation of its correctness, as in
the derivation from the equations of transformation of the electromagnetic field. Because
all three, the derivation according to the model, the physical and the mathematical
derivation, lead to the same result, this second case should be called "objective".
With that the first case, which describes the subjective perception of an observer, is not
supposed to be devaluated. It contains the definition of reality, according to which only is
real what also is perceptible. The theory of relativity of Poincare and Einstein is based on
this definition.
With the second case, the case with a variable speed of light, we however get serious
problems, since we observe with our eyes, and that works with the speed of light. If that
changes, we can't see it, as already said. If we could see it, then "reality" would have a
completely different face and we surely would have great difficulties, to find our way
around. In this "objective world" neither electromagnetic interactions nor gravitation
would exist, so no force effects at all. Because all distances and linear measures depend on
the speed of light, everything would look like in a distortion mirror.
The concept of an "objective world" at first has not a practical, but rather a theoretical and
mathematical sense. The distinction between an observation domain and a model domain
is founded in pure usefulness.
The observation domain should correspond to case 1 and the model domain to case 2. The
mathematical derivation tells us, how we can mediate between both domains (equation
6.21): This mediation amounts to a transformation, which provides us the instruction, how
a transition from the observation into a not perceptible model concept, from the relativity
into an objectivity has to.