Proceedings of azerbaijan high technical educational institutions

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VOLUME 29 ISSUE 06 2023 
E-ISSN: 2674-5224 
123 
PAHTEI 
 PROCEEDINGS OF AZERBAIJAN HIGH TECHNICAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS 
PRINCIPLES OF OPTIMIZATION OF ULTRASOUND 2D IMAGES 
Izzat Piriyev
1
, Sevinj Abdullayeva
2
 
1,2
Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, 
1,2
Department of Instrumentation Engineering. 
1
Master, [e-mail] 
2
Candidate of technical sciences, docent, [e-mail] 
ABSTRACT 
 
The main requirements for any penetrating radiation used for biomedical imaging are that its 
propagation is geometrically predictable, that the attenuation in the environment is not too strong, 
and that the effect of this radiation on the living organism is as harmless as possible. These 
requirements must be met at frequencies where the direction of radiation determined by 
diffraction will correspond to the required spatial resolution. In other words, the wavelengths of 
the penetrating radiation should be small compared to the studied structure. All these 
requirements are fully satisfied by the propagation of ultrasound in the soft tissues of the body. 
Although ultrasound waves were still discovered before X-rays, they were used in medicine much 
later - in the 50s of the 20th century, in other fields of obstetrics and then in medicine. The main 
advantages of this diagnostic method are non-invasiveness, high visualization quality and relative 
ease of use. 
Medical ultrasound imaging aims to provide real-time visualization of any organ or tissue in the 
body using high-frequency sound waves. The signals received during the examination must be 
captured, processed and identified to aid in diagnosis. Ultrasound is transmitted through the body 
in high-frequency pulses, some of which are absorbed and some are reflected back. The reflected 
waves are received by the transmitter and converted into electrical signals. Those electrical 
signals are converted into digital signals and passed through a computer system. The computer 
system uses arithmetic and logical calculations to create an image of the scanned structures. 
Ultrasound, along with radiological methods, is the most important element of instrumental 
diagnostics and is used in almost all areas of medical activity. Currently, ultrasound diagnostics or 
sonography is not only a separate medical specialty, but also a large area for various studies with 
its own subspecialties, current problems and trends. Measurement of dynamic parameters in 
ultrasound diagnostics is used in the study of the cardiovascular system. Such measurements are 
based on the Doppler effect and are combined with visualization of moving structures in modern 
ultrasound. Ultrasound imaging is currently used in many areas: 
✓
planned research; 
✓
urgent diagnosis; 
✓
monitoring; 
✓
intraoperative diagnostics; 
✓
post-operative studies; 
✓
control over the implementation of diagnostic and therapeutic instrumental manipulations 
(punctures, biopsies, etc.); 
✓
screening. 
Working with US imagery as a source of information has its pros and cons. On the plus side, 
ultrasound is a relatively inexpensive imaging modality compared to MRI and CT, is portable, 
and offers real-time information. The main disadvantages are that image acquisition is operator 
123-133 

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