Qadimgi yunoniston, rim va rusda jismoniy

Spartaliklar madaniyat sohasida o‘z e’tiborini asosan kuchlik chidamlik va epchillikning o‘sishiga qaratar edilar, cho‘nki spartaliklarning qurollanishi xarakteri va taktikasi shuni talab qilar edi. Madaniyat maqsadi bo‘lajak jangchilar hamjihatligini, kuchini va chidamligini ta’minlaydigan jismoniy fazilatlarini kamol toptirishdan iboratdir. Spartada madaniyat masalalariga katta e’tibor berilar edi. Gudakning tug‘ilgan kunidan boshlab uning hayoti davlat nazorat ostida bular edi. Plo‘tarxning aytishiga qaraganda, biror jismoniy kamchilik bilan tug‘ilgan barcha bolalarni o‘ldirganlar, so‘ngra esa maxsus tashkil qilingan ijtimoiy internat uylarida o‘qitganlar. 7 yoshdan 14 yoshgacha bo‘lgan o‘g‘il bolalar jamoat uylarida yashab ular asosan jismoniy madaniyat olar edilar.

A limited form of gymnastics may have been practised by the Chinese and Egyptians as early as 3,000 years’ ago. However, the term “gymnastics” was not introduced until the era of the Greeks and Romans. It was impossible to practise the strenuous activity involved in gymnastics in the heavy garments worn during this period and therefore the athletes would have removed their clothing and performed naked. These naked athletes were known as “gymnasts”, which was derived from the Greek, “Gymnos”. During this period the term gymnast was used to describe an athlete who participated in activities such as wrestling, throwing, running etc. Later the term gymnastics was used to describe collectively all sports which were performed inside a gymnasium.