RusHydro Group
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements as at and for the year ended
31 December 2015
(in millions of Russian Rubles unless noted otherwise)
20
The effective interest method is a method of allocating interest income or interest expense over the relevant
period, so as to achieve a constant periodic rate of interest (effective interest rate) on the carrying amount.
The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments or receipts
(excluding future credit losses) through the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, if
appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial instrument. The effective interest rate discounts cash
flows of variable interest instruments to the next interest repricing date, except for the premium or discount
which reflects the credit spread over the floating rate specified in the instrument, or other variables that are
not reset to market rates. Such premiums or discounts are amortised over the whole expected life of the
instrument. The present value calculation includes all fees paid or received between parties to the contract
that are an integral part of the effective interest rate.
Classification of financial assets. Financial assets have the following categories: (i) loans and receivables;
(ii) available-for-sale financial assets; (iii) financial assets held to maturity and (iv) financial assets at fair
value through profit or loss. The description of categories of financial assets of the Group is given below.
Loans and receivables are unquoted non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments.
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
.
This category is presented by derivative financial
instruments which are carried at their fair value. All derivative instruments are carried as assets when fair
value is positive and as liabilities when fair value is negative. Changes in the fair value of derivative
instruments are included in profit or loss for the year. The Group does not apply hedge accounting.
All other financial assets are included in the available-for-sale category, which includes investment securities
which the Group intends to hold for an indefinite period of time and which may be sold in response to needs
for liquidity or changes in interest rates, exchange rates or equity prices.
Classification of financial liabilities. Financial liabilities have the following measurement categories:
(i) financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss and (ii) other financial liabilities. All financial liabilities
of the Group including loans are categorised as other and carried at amortized cost.
Initial recognition of financial instruments. Trading investments, derivatives and other financial
instruments at fair value through profit or loss are initially recorded at fair value. All other financial
instruments are initially recorded at fair value plus transaction costs. Fair value at initial recognition is best
evidenced by the transaction price. A gain or loss on initial recognition is only recorded if there is a difference
between fair value and transaction price which can be evidenced by other observable current market
transactions in the same instrument or by a valuation technique whose inputs include only data from
observable markets.
Derecognition of financial assets. The Group derecognises financial assets when (a) the assets are
redeemed or the rights to cash flows from the assets otherwise expire or (b) the Group has transferred the
rights to the cash flows from the financial assets or entered into a qualifying pass-through arrangement whilst
(i) also transferring substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the assets or (ii) neither
transferring nor retaining substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership but not retaining control.
Control is retained if the counterparty does not have the practical ability to sell the asset in its entirety to an
unrelated third party without needing to impose additional restrictions on the sale.
Available-for-sale financial assets. Available-for-sale financial assets are carried at fair value. Interest
income on available-for-sale debt securities is calculated using the effective interest method and recognised
in profit or loss for the year as finance income. Dividends on available-for-sale equity instruments are
recognised in profit or loss for the year as finance income when the Group’s right to receive payment is
established and it is probable that the dividends will be collected. All other elements of changes in the fair
value are recognised in other comprehensive income until the investment is derecognised or impaired at
which time the cumulative gain or loss is reclassified from other comprehensive income to finance income in
profit or loss for the year.
Impairment losses are recognised in profit or loss for the year when incurred as a result of one or more
events (“loss events”) that occurred after the initial recognition of available-for-sale financial assets.
A significant or prolonged decline in the fair value of an equity security below its cost is an indicator that it is
impaired. The cumulative impairment loss – measured as the difference between the acquisition cost and the
current fair value, less any impairment loss on that asset previously recognised in profit or loss – is
reclassified from other comprehensive income to finance costs in profit or loss for the year. Impairment
losses on equity instruments are not reversed and any subsequent gains are recognised in other
comprehensive income. If, in a subsequent period, the fair value of a debt instrument classified as available
for sale increases and the increase can be objectively related to an event occurring after the impairment loss
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