Sharq filologiya fakulteti umumiy tilshunoslik kafedrasi

Xulosa
Biz bu kurs ishida Xitoy tilining AQSH, Britaniya va Xitoyning o’zidagi avtonom o’lkasida xitoy tilining o’qitilishi bo’yicha o’rganib chiqdik. Britaniyada qo’shimcha to’garak maktabida ota-ona, o’qituvchi, o’quvchilardan intervyu olindi, Britaniyadagi xitoy bolalarining til o’qitilishi va xitoy tilining turli variantlariga bo’lgan munosabatlarini muhokama qilishdi. Xitoy tilining muhimligi borasida ularning qarashlari o’zgarmas bo’ladi asosan yozma xitoychada, milliy standard tilga ega bo’lish, xitoy tilining ichki irearxik variantlari. Xitoy tili xitoyliklar uchun alohida ramziy ahamiyatga ega; diasporik jamoalar uchun, ehtimol, bundan ham ko'proq o'ziga xos madaniy o'ziga xoslikni saqlab qolish uchun. O’zlikni anglash tuyg’usi milliy standard tilga bo’lgan kuchli ehtiyoj borligi va Putonghua bu vazifani bajaradigan ko’rinadi. Kattalar bolalarning xitoy tilini o'rganishlarini juda xohlaydilar, asosan Putonghuani va bolalar xitoychani bilish kelajakda karerasiga yordam berishini tushunadilar. Xitoy jamoasi ichida Kanton shevalilar ustun bo’lsalar-da Putonghua barcha o’rganishni istayotgan tilga aylanayapti, boshqa variantlar instiutsional qo’llov olmoqdalar. Ierarxiyaning bunday o'zgarishi globallashuv jarayoni bilan chambarchas bog'liq bu butun dunyo bo'ylab diasporik jamoalarga ta’sir qiladi. Putonghuaning ortib borayotgan obro’ siyosiy va iqtisodiy jihatdan hukmron til sifatida birga ko'pchilik xitoyliklar tomonidan baham ko'rilgan standart til mafkurasi xitoy diasporasiga qiyinchiliklar tug’diradi, bu shubhasiz jamoalarning ichki hamjihatligiga ta'siri, xorijdagi xitoy avlodlari tarbiyalash, diasporalar o'rtasidagi kelajakdagi aloqalar, materik Xitoy va kelib chiqish joylari va ajdodlari bilan ko’prik vazifasini bajaradi. Bir narsa aniqki, xitoy diasporasi o’zgarayapti, ularga Xitoyning kuchayib borayotgan kuchi tobora ko'proq ta'sir qilmoqda Xitoyni ifodalovchi barcha narsalar jumladan standard umummilliy tili ham. Britaniyada yosh avlodlar ko’p tillilik amaliyotini o’zlarini ko’p madaniyatli kishi ekanligini ko’rsatish uchun ishlatadilar, bir tilli va bir madaniyatli mafkuralarni ular ingliz tilli va xitoy tilli jamoalarni alohida yo’lga qo’yganlar. Bu albatta turli jamoalarning qiyosiy tadqiqotlarini taklif qiladigan mavzu.
Mamlakat ichida shahar va qishloq joylarida uyg'ur bolalari matematika va boshqa maktab darsliklarida Uyg’ur tilida o’qishi qoniqarsiz ahvolda. Ular ham Putonghuada qoniqarli daraja va ravonlikka erishmayapti va xanlar singari ingliz tilida ta'lim olish imkoniga ega emas. XUARda etnik xitoylar ko’paygan bo’lsa-da o’qituvchilar yetishmasligi Putonghua muhitiga erishishni qiyinlashtiryapti.

Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar ro’yxati

1. 
   Teaching and learning Chinese in global contexts
   
2. 
   “Xitoycha-ruscha, ruscha-xitoycha tilshunoslik atamalarining qiyoslash lug’ati” (汉俄， 俄汉对照语言学名词) Pekin. 1961, B. 31, 106.
   
3. 
   Teaching and Learning Chinese in higher Theoretical and practical book
   
4. 
   Китайский-русский словарь, M…1980, c99.
   

Internet saytlar

1. 
   https://www.baidu.com
   
2. 
   https://www.google.com
   
3. 
   https://www.cnki.com.cn
   
4. 
   https://www.shibushi.ru
   
5. 
   https://www.mylanguages.org
   
6. 
   https://www.studychinese.
   
7. 
   https://www.studychinese.ru
   
8. 
   https://www.bkrs.info/
   
9. 
   https://sfleducation.springeropen.com/articles/
   
10. 
    https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext
    

1^www. Google. uz

2^Hozirgizamondaxitoytilidabir-birovidananchadarajadaajrabturadigan 7 tayirikshevamavjud: 1) “beifanfanyan”（北方方言）( buniguanhuashevasidebhamatashadi ) shimoliysheva; 2) wuyu吴语shanhaishevasi; 3) zuyu祖语Xunanshevasi ; 4) ganyu赣语JiangSushevasi 5) KeJia客家shevasi; 6)Guang Zhun闽语) shevasi; 7. 粤语yueyuFuJiangshevasi.

3^«xitoycha – ruscha, ruscha – xitoychatilshunoslikatamalariningqiyoslashlug'ati» ( “汉俄，俄汉对照语言学名词” ) Pekin:. 1961, B. 31, 106.

4^Китайский – русский словарь, М:. 1980, с. 99.

5^Zhou En Lai 1898-yili 5-mart kuni Xitoyda tug'ilgan va 1976-yili 8-yanvarda vafot etgan. U Xitoy kumunistik partiyasining a’zosi bo’lib, mislsiz raxbarlardan biri hisoblangan.

6^ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340401976_The_Teaching_and_Learning_of_Chinese_as_a_Second_or_Foreign_Language_The_Current_Situation_and_Future_Directions

7^ https://sfleducation.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40862-018-0043-5

8^ https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1065457.pdf

9^ https://www.routledge.com/Teaching-and-Learning-Chinese-in-Higher-Education-Theoretical-and-Practical/Lu/p/book/9781138697676

10^ https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.752084/full

11^ https://www.jstor.org/stable/23754439

12^ https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/glochi-2016-0002/html

13^ School names have been changed to maintain anonymity of informants.