Working paper #51
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Deluca, B. (2006). Models for predicting school district fiscal stress: One size doesn’t not fit all. Journal of Education Finance, 31(4), 420-432.
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Figure 1. Michigan Real Total General Fund Revenue per Pupil (2012$)
Sources: Michigan Department of Education, Bulletin 140; U.S. Department of Commerce, GDP price deflator for state and local government purchases.
6,000 7,000 8,000
9,000 10,000
11,000 12,000
19 95 19 96 19 97 19 98 19 99 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07 20 08 20 09 20 10 20 11 20 12 20 13 Local-State Revenue Total Revenue 34
School district type % change enrollment % change nominal per- pupil
foundation grant
% change real per-pupil foundation grant
% change nominal total foundation revenue
% change real total foundation revenue
Central city -26.6
6.7 -27.2
-21.6 -46.5
Low-income suburb -7.9
6.8 -27.1
-1.2 -32.6
Mid-income suburb 0.1
7.6 -26.6
7.7 -26.5
High-income suburb 5.8
4.8 -28.5
10.8 -24.4
Rural -14.7
9.2 -25.5
-6.9 -36.5
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