19
saboloo daniSnulebis punqti. berZnebma Cvens welTaRricxvamde
1000dan 550 wlebSi sanapiro zolze daaarses savaWro koloniebi,
maT Sorisaa naesusi Naessus, pitiusi Pitiys (axla biWvinTa), dioskuria
Dioscurias, gonio Guenos, fasisi Phasis (axla foTi), afsarosi Apsaros da
rizosi Rhizos (axlandeli rize TurqeTSi).
herodote Tavis `istoriaSi~ wers, rom Zv. w. me19 saukuneSi
kolxeTi daipyro egviptis faraonma sesostrim Sesostris, ris Sedegadac
iq egvipteli molaSqreebi dasaxlebulan. misi mtkicebiT, kolxebi
swored maTi STamomavlebi unda yofiliyvnen, romelTac egviptelebTan
da eTiopielebTan erTad SemoiRes mamakacis winadacveTis tradicia.
apolonios rodoselis Apollonius Rhodius cnobiT, kolxeTSi mcxovreb
egviptelebs kargad hqondaT daculi xis dafebi, sadac zRvebi da
gzatkecilebi gansakuTrebuli sizustiTaa asaxuli. is werda, rom
`kolxebisa da egviptelebis cxovrebis wesi da salaparako ena erTi
iyo~. `mxolod maT Tu SeeZloT skviTebis, sparselebis, karTagenelebis,
keltebis, iberielebisa da trasielebis tomebis msgavsad daleva.
yvela mebrZoli cnobili meomaria~. is aseve werda, rom `kavkasiis
mTebze sxvadasxva tomi dasaxl
da: kolxebi, sas
perebi, xalibebi, mak
ronebi, meSexebi, tibe rebi, mosinikebi da sxv.~. Colchians, Saspe ro, Chalybs,
Macronians, Meshekh, Tiba rians, Mosini chians, Marina’s.
likrofoni Likrofon wer da, rom kolxebi, egvip telebis monaTesave
tomi, Savgvremani xal
xia, talRovani TmiT. maT lazebsac uwo
deben.
`mxolod kolxebi mu Saoben miwaze egvip telebis msgavsi mane rebiT~.
donald reifildi
Tavis wignSi `imperiis
kideebTan. saqarTvelos
istoria~ (2012 weli)
Do nald Rayfield `Edge of
Empires. A history of Georgia~
werda, rom saberZneTis
winaaRmdeg brZolaSi,
ro melsac darius Darius
didi da qserqse Xerxes
uZRvebodnen, cnobili
gaxda, rom kolx ja ris
kacebs TavianTi ofic
rebis gverdiT unda eb
rZolaT.
mudmivad brZolaSi
yofniT, kolxebma moa
lazika (kolxeTiegrisi), (Zv. w. 150 – Cv. w. 600 ww.)
20
xerxes aeRoT diaoxi Diaochi Zv. w. me8 saukuneSi, magram skviTebma
da kimerielebma Cimmerians and Scythians maleve aaoxres, da gadavida
aqemeniduri sparseTis imperiis mflobelobaSi qristes Sobamde me6
saukuneSi, ris gamoc sparseTSi 5 welSi erTxel 100 biWi da 100 gogo
unda gaegzavnaT.
kolxeTi arasdros yofila aleqsandre didis imperiis an sxva
elinisturi qveynis nawili. Tumca Zveli qarTuli saxelmwifoebi
berZnuli kulturis did gavlenas ganicdidnen. kolxeTis qalaqebSi
berZnulad laparakobdnen, iberiaSi ki arameuli Aramaic ufro
mniSvnelovani iyo.
Zv. w. 101 wels kolxeTi (egrisi) daipyro pontos mefe miTridate
VIm Mithridates. qristes Sobamde 65 wels miTridate romaelebma
daamarcxes, kolxeTi amjerad pompeusma General Pompey daikava. ax.w. 63
wels imperatorma neronma Nero kolxeTi da ponto gaaerTiana lazikaSi,
galaTiis romaul provinciaSi, mogvianebiT ki kabadokiasTan, romelic
romaelebis mier imarTeboda. qristes Sobidan 562 wels is bizantiis
imperiis daqvemdebarebaSi gadavida.
lazebi anu Wanebi Laz or Chan
aris eTnikuri jgufi, romelic Tur
qeTisa da saqarTvelos Savi zRvis
sa
napiro regionebSi saxloben da
Tavs miiCneven Zveli kolxeTegri
sel
Ta STamomavlebad. isini meg
ru
li da qarTuli enis monaTesave enaze
saubroben. cnobili iyvnen mezRvau
robiT.
1461 wels lazeTi osmalebma dai
py res.
1851 wels lazma kolxebma
Camoayalibes axali imperia – lazistani,
magram brestlitovskis xelSekrulebis
Sedegad, kolxi xalxis miwa gaiyo da
gadanawilda saqarTvelosa da TurqeTis
teritoriaze.
amJamad TurqeTSi mcxovrebi lazebi TavianT Tavs Turqebs
uwodeben. dasavluri wyaroebis mixedviT, bevri lazi gamoirCeva lamazi
kaniTa da Ria feris TmiT. lingvist hanis Hann TqmiT, rodesac lazebi
Turqulad saubroben, gansxvavebuli lazuri aqcenti aqvT. lazebis
umravlesoba ar aris agresiuli da mSvidobianad cxovroben TurqeTis
Soreul soflebSi (vilsoni da donani Wilson & Donnan, 2000 w.). lazebi,
Zveli kolxebi, xasiaTdebian, rogorc megobruli da gulRia xalxi,
lazi kaci da qali
Arhavi, Turkey
21
Tumca, miuxedavad amisa, TurqeTis omebSi maTi sakmaod eSinodaT:
wlebis ganmavlobaSi SavebSi gamowyobili lazi meomrebi aTaTurqis
pirad dacvaSi iyvnen.
neil aCersoni Neil Ascherson (1996 w.) Tavis wignSi `Savi zRva~ Black
Sea wers germanel inteligentze, volfgang foierStainze Wolfgang
Feuerstein, romelic cdilobda lazebi asimilaciisgan gadaerCina.
es mecnieri pirvelad lazeTs estumra 1960 wels TurqeTis port
trapizonSi, da iswavla lazuri ena. man aRmoaCina, rom is qristianebis
enaa, kavkasiuri da qarTuli warmoSobisa. man pirvelma Seqmna lazuri
anbani laTinur enaze (saqarTveloSi lazebs qarTuli damwerloba aqvT),
rasac samwuxarod Zalian cotam Tu dauWira mxari. ratom? imitom, rom
lazebi pasiuri xalxia da ar aqvT interesi mSobliuri enis mimarT.
foierStaini daiWires, scemes da gadaasaxles. 1991 wels TurqeTSi
iuridiulad moixsna akrZalva lazurad saubarze TurqeTSi, da axla
SesaZlebelia lazurad naweri wignebisa da gazeTebis SeZena. miuxedavad
amisa, 2001 wels Turquli antiteroristuli kanonmdeblobis me8 muxlis
Tanaxmad, aikrZala sityvebis `lazistanisa~ da `qurTistanis~ xmareba.
erovnuli uSiSroebis sabWos dadgenilebiT, TurqeTSi nebadarTuli
iyo sxvadasxva ucxouri enis swavleba, romelTa Soris ar iyo lazuri.
kaskebi (kaskianebi an gasgebi) Kaska (Kaskians or Gasgas) anatoliis
brinjaos xanis xalxi iyo, rasac xeTuri Hittite wyaroebi gvamcnoben. isini
cxovrobdnen xeTis regionsa da Sav zRvas Sua. Zv. w. me13 saukuneSi
kaskebma hatusa Hattusa gaaTavisufles. erT dros maT brZolaSi 800
etlis gamoyvana SeeZloT. asurelebis mier maTi damarcxebis Semdgom
xeTebi da kaskebi saerTod gaqrnen istoriidan.
xalibebi (Calibebi) Chalybs (Khalib) (xalibi berZnulad niSnavs
`Serbilebul rkinas, liTons~) iyo tomi, romelTac rkinis warmoeba
daiwyes. isini CrdiloeT anatoliaSi dasaxldnen, Savi zRvis napirebTan
axlos da dakavSirebuli iyvnen xeTebTan da hurianebTan. xalibis
aRmosavleT nawilis mimdebare teritoriaze cxovrobda monaTesave
xalxi xaldi/kardu Khaldi/Kardu. xalibebi da xaldebi Khalib and Khaldi
dakavSirebulni iyvnen xeTebTan. qarTvel istorikosebs Tu davujerebT,
isini protoqarTuli warmoSobis arian, Tumca, bunebrivia, amaves sxva
xalxebic amtkiceben.
likofroni Likofron werda, rom `Calibebs Chalybs~ aqvT yvelaze
kargi rkina, radgan maTi aRmoCenilia~. imaves werda kalimaqe (Kalimak).
berZeni esqilec Eskhil wers Tavis tragediaSi `mijaWvuli promeTe~,
rom swored `Calibebis Chalybs aRmoCenilia rkina~. berZnuli sityva
`rkina~ – `Calib~ (chalyb) modis rkinis aRmomCenebis saxelidan. rkina
kolxeTSi gamoCnda Zv. w. me14 saukuneSi. straboni wers: `vfiqrob
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