28
suliyo da SeenarCunebina damoukidebloba. man Seqmna iseTi Zlieri
saxelmwifo, romelsac sparseTi da bizantia angariSs uwevdnen.
romaelebis gavlena mniSvnelovnad gaizarda, rodesac impera
torma konstantinem dedaqalaqi 330 wels gadaitana bizantia
konstantinopolSi, sadac, rogorc romSi, aqac ufasod eZleoda
mosaxleobas sakvebi.
301 wels somxeTma, 325 wels nikeis msoflio saelesio krebam
Council of Nicaea romsa da bizantiaSi qristianoba saxelmwifo religiad
gamoacxada. 326 wels iberiam da bolos kavkasiurma albaniamac
warmarTul religiaze da sparseTis zoroastrizmze uari Tqves
konstantinopolis qristianobis sasargeblod. Tavdapirvelad me
fe
mirian IIIis meuRle, dedofali nana, da Semdeg ukve sxvebic axalgazrda
monazon nino kabadokielis mier monaTlul iyvnen. 487 wels iberiulma
eklesiam avtokefalia miiRo da inarCunebda am statuss, sanam rusul
orTodoqsul eklesias ar SeuerTda 1811 wels. iberiaSi qarTulma
anbanma da liturgiam gaqristianobas Semdeg maleve Secvala arameuli.
kolxeTSi (lazikaSi) erTaderTi damwerlobiTi ena iyo berZnuli.
biblia iTargmna qarTul enaze
1
da saeklesio msaxurebic qarTul enaze
gadavidnen, rac gamaerTianebeli Zala iyo ori qarTuli saxelmwifos
Tvis da ramac sabolood gaaerTiana kidec isini.
rogorc romaeli istorikosi tiranius rufinusi Tyrannius Rufinus
wers, imperatorma konstantinem iberiis mefis samefo karze gagzavna
episkoposebisa da mRvdlebis delegacia. konstantine didma ierusalimSi
iberiul eklesias adgili gamouyo da misca nakveTi qarTlis mefe
mirian IIIis misi samefos qristianulad moqcevis Semdgom 326 wels
2
.
zog wyaroze dayrdmobiT, mefe miriani ewvia konstantinopols da
Sexvda konstantine Is, gaemgzavra ierusalimSi da moinaxula qarTuli
eklesia. man aRmoaCina mcxeTaSi eklesia im adgilas, sadac sabolood
sveticxovlis monasteri iqna aSenebuli. mefe miriani dedofal
nanas gverdiT aris dakrZaluli mcxeTaSi da maTi saflavebis xilva
samTavros monasterSi aris SesaZlebeli.
1
ierusalimis jvris monasterSi qarTuli mozaikuri warwera 430 wliT
TariRdeba.
2
legendis Tanaxmad, jvris monasteri aRdgenil iqna ierusalimSi me11
saukuneSi swored im adgilas, sadac adamis Tavi iyo damarxuli, sadac
amovida xe da am xiT gakeTebul jvarze gaakres qriste. jvris monasteri
daaarsa mefe bagrat IVis zeobis dros, qarTvelma giorgiproxorem,
SavSeTidan. monastris biblioTeka bevr qarTul xelnawers inaxavs.
monasteri axla Tanamedrove israelSi kneseTTan axlos mdebareobs.
valebis gamo monasteri giraoTi saberZneTs gadaeca 1685 wels. Tumca
arsebobda dokumenti, rom vali droulad iqna gadaxdili, magram monasteri
ukan arasdros dabrunebula da am sakiTxze dava dRemde grZeldeba.
29
sparseTisa da bizantiis imperiebi
daiwyo xalxTa didi evropuli gadasaxleba. 375 wels hunebma daiwyes
goTebis gandevna evropaSi. anglo-saqsebi britaneTSi gadavidnen. 330
wels romis imperiis dedaqalaqi imperatorma konstantinem romidan
konstantinopolSi gadaitana. 395 wels imperia gaiyo aRmosavleT
imperiad – bizantiad da dasavleT romis imperiad. am ukanasknelma
arseboba 476 wels Sewyvita. es iyo klasikuri antikuri monobis sistemis
dasasruli msoflioSi da daiwyo feodalizmis xana.
321 wels imperatorma konstantinem kvira dRe daawesa dasvenebis
dRed mTels imperiaSi. 350 wels biblia iTargmna goTur enaze. 381-391
ww-Si qristianoba saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadda mTel romis impe-
riaSi da goTuri arianizmi akrZalul iqna. 537 wels aSenda aia sofias
taZari.
qaRaldi aRmoaCines CineTSi da is gavrcelda arabebis mier me-8
saukuneSi, xolo evropaSi ukve me-13 saukuneSi.
378 wels, mirianisa da konstantines gardacvalebis Semdeg, iberia
kvalav sasanidebis (Sassanid) samflobelod iqca. me4me6 saukuneebSi
(da mas Semdeg) qarTveli xalxi ibrZoda sparseTisa da bizantieli
dampyroblebis winaaRmdeg, raTa SeenarCunebina damoukidebloba.
mefe vaxtang I gorgasali Vakhtang I Gorgasali antiiranul ajanyebas
xelmZRvanelobda, iberias
aR u d gina saxelmwifoebrivi
sta tusi da 447 wels mefed
ga
moacxada Tavi. is iyo 2m
da 40 sm simaRlis, Zalzed
Zlieri da mters SiSis zars
scemda. sparselebi vax
tangs gorgasals eZax
dnen
(`mge
lis Tava~) misi mu
zaradis for
mis gamo, ro
melsac ata
ebda. rodesac
man co
lad SeirTo sparse
Tis princesa belenduxti
Balun dukht, monawileoba mi
iRo sparseTis laSqrobaSi indoeTSi, SesaZlebelia Sah perozis Peroz
omSi, aseve hunebis winaaRmdeg omSi centraluri aziis momTabare
tomebis konfederaciis winaaRmdeg, romlebic CineTis didi kedlis
CrdiloeT nawilSi cxovrobdnen 474476 wwSi. 491 wels is WrilobebiT
gardaicvala. dakrZalulia mcxeTaSi, sveticxovlis taZarSi.
vaxtang gorgasali,
metexis eklesia TbilisSi
30
vaxtangma sabolood gaaerTiana egrisi da iberia, daiqvemdebara
axlandeli saqarTvelos sazRvrebi. osebi, CeCnebi, hunebi da alanebi
damxmare Zala iyo qarTul armiaSi. afxazeTi rCeboda bizantiuri
mmarTvelobis qveS. is aseve Tbilisis damaarseblad aris cnobili da
man saqarTvelos dedaqalaqi mcxeTidan TbilisSi
1
gadaitana. meore
mizezi ki is iyo, rom saWiro gaxldaT, warmarTuli qalaqis adgi
las
2
Seqmniliyo axali qristianuli dedaqalaqi. arsebobs legenda,
Tu rogor daarsda qalaqi. mcxeTasTan axlos mefe vaxtangi tyeSi
nadirobda. misi Sevardeni daedevna xoxobs. Citi cxel wyaroSi Cavarda
da rodesac ZaRlma is mefes miutana, ukve moxarSuli iyo. is gaocda am
saswauliT gasca brZaneba, gaeSenebinaT qalaqi am adgilas da daarqva
Tbilisi, qarTulad `Tbili wyali~. rodesac marko polom Tbilisi
gaiara, aRmoaCina, rom qalaqi sakmaod `koxta~ iyo.
arabebi saqarTveloSi
islamis damaarsebeli, mohamedi daibada meqaSi 570 wels. misi
sikvdilis Semdeg, 632 wels pirvelad xalifa abu baqarma muslim
arabebTan erTad daipyro mTeli axlo aRmosavleTi (638 wels
ierusalimi) da CrdiloeT afrika (642 wels kairo, kartaxena 698
wels). 710 wels maT gadakveTes gibraltari da daipyres iberiis
naxevarkunZuli (toledo) da mxolod frankebis mier iqnen gaCerebuli
puaties brZolaSi, 732 wels. siriaSi arabma omaidebma (Omayyad)
damaskoSi daaarses Siituri saxelmwifo. sirielma arabebma SemoiRes
`0~ da aTwiladi ricxvebi.
vikingebma CrdiloeT evropaSi daiwyes sastiki Setakebebi. 860 wels
vikingma riurikma daaarsa pirveli saxelmwifo novgorodSi da misma
dinastiam ruseTSi imefa 1598 wlamde. olegma (riurikma) gaaerTiana
novgorodi da kievi da miiRo qristianoba. daarsda Semdegi qveynebi:
1
zogi mwerlis mixedviT, mefe vaxtangi da misi arqiepiskoposi Zlier
daobdnen, radgan vaxtangs undoda iberiel mefes da ara konstantinopolis
patriarqs, daeniSna mRvdlebi. garda amisa, mefe mxars uWerda diofizitobas
(bizantiasTan aliansis deklaracia), rac aRiarebs qristes or bunebas,
RvTaebrivs da adamianurs, uaryofda monofizitobas (SemoRebul iqna
sparseTis zoroastrizmis gavleniT), `somxebma uari Tqves TavianT bedze~.
608 wels somxeTis kaTalikosma akrZala yovelgvari kavSiri iberiasTan
da albanelebTan. raTa Tavi aeridebina mSfoTvare episkoposebisTvis,
vaxtangma Tbilisi daadgina iberiis axal dedaqalaqad.
2
axla mcxeTa, Zveli saqarTvelos dedaqalaqi (me5 saukunemde), aris Tbi
lisTan mdebare turistuli adgili.