34
somxebis provinciebiT vanis tbamde, ramac Semdgom bevri gaugebroba
da garTuleba gamoiwvia.
975 wels saqarTvelos yvela miwis gaerTianebis survilis gamo
daviT kurapalatma iSvila bagrati, Tavisi diswuli, afxazeTis princi,
afxazi mefeebis disSvili. marTalia, daviT kurapalats ar hyavda
sakuTari Svili, magram sabednierod, arc sxva mezobel sam afxaz mefes
hyavda memkvidre.
1008 wels, daviT III kurapalatis sikvdilis Semdeg, misi naSvilebi
mefe bagrat III Bagrat, 300 wliani afxaz aCbas dinastiis warmomadgenelma,
gaagrZela qarTvel bagration
Ta dinastia da gaxda qar
Tvele
bisa da afxazebis, sru
liad saqarTvelos `allGeor-
gia~ saxelmwifos (afxazeTi,
egrisi/samegrelo, imereTi,
svaneTi, raWaleCxumi, guria,
aWara, qarTli, tao, klarjeTi,
Sav
SeTi, mesxeTi da javaxeTi
Abkhazia/Abasgia, Egrisi/Samegrelo,
Imereti, Svaneti, RachaLechkhumi,
Guria, Ajaria, Kartli, Tao, Klarjeti,
Shavsheti, Meskheti and Javakheti) mefeT mefe. amieridan igi cnobili iyo
rogorc saqarTvelo. Semdeg bagrats kvlav hqonda pretenziebi kaxeTis
mimarT da 1010 wels 2 wliani brZolis da agresiuli diplomatiis Semdeg
SemoierTa kidec. somxeTis mefesTan kavSiri bagratma warmatebiT
gamoiyena azerbaijanis Sahis winaaRmdeg. da bolos da bolos, is
atarebda `afxazebis, qarTvelebis, herebis da kaxelebis mefis~ tituls
Tbilisis saamiros gamoklebiT. arabebma Tbiliss komerciuli ayvaveba
moutanes. rogorc muslimi mogzaurebi da vaWrebi iuwyebian, muslim
uri meCeTebi da qristianuli taZrebi Tavisuflad Tanaarsebobdnen da
rom mosaxleoba cnobilia stumarTmoyvareobiT.
bagratma uamravi eklesiamonasteri aago yvelgan, maT Sorisaa
quTaisSi, qveynis dedaqalaqSi, bagratis taZari, aseve afxazeTSi bediis
monasteri, da raWaSi nikorwmindis taZari, romlebic yvelaze mniS
vnelovani adgilebia saqarTveloSi. bagrat III dakrZalulia bediis
monasterSi, axlandel afxazeTSi.
500 wlis Semdeg saqarTvelo gaerTianda centralizebuli da uc
xoe
lebis batonobisgan ganTavisuflebuli. es miRwevebi SesaZlebeli
iyo imis gamo, rom bizantielebis imperia brZolebis Sedegad winaswar
35
iyo okupirebuli bulgarelebis mier da arabTa xalifatis axlad gamo
Cenili Turqi momTabareni daesxnen Tavs.
amasobaSi bizantiurqarTuli urTierTobebi garTulda. samwuxa
rod, mefe daviTma ganaaxla kavSiri general barda fokasTan
1
Bards Phocas,
mas Semdeg rac am ukanasknelma daiwyo ajanyeba imperator basili IIis
winaaRmdeg. fokas ukve dapyrobili hqonda mTeli bizantiis teritoria
mcire aziaSi. daviTis gadawyvetileba, rom daxmareboda 10 000 kaciT,
politikuri elferis matarebeli iyo im xanad. magram am SemTxvevaSi
basil IIm sTxova kievis rus mefes vladimers, mieca jari, raTa rusebis
da varangebis (variagebis: normanebis da vikingebis) gaqristianebiT
daemarcxebinaT barda foka. amis gamo daviTi iZulebuli iyo mieRo
basil II, misi samefos siuzerenad. warmoiSva sakamaTo teritoria –
iberiis Tema Theme of Iberia dedaqalaqiT TeodosipoliT (erzerumiT)
Theodosioupolis (Erzerum), berZnuli dasaxelebiT, an taos teritoria
qarTuli dasaxelebiT. daviTis gardacvalebis Semdgom, basilma 1008
wels es miwa da vanis tba SeuerTa bizantiis imperias.
es aneqsia daviTis vaJs, mefe bagrat IIIs ar moswonda, ris
gamoc daiwyo ZmaTaSorisi omi. 1014 wels bagrat IIIis vaJma giorgi
I bagrationma (10141027 ww.) miiRo afxazeTis, kaxeTis, qarTlis
teritoriebi memkvidreobiT, da taos teritoria, romelzec xangrZlivi
drois manZilze iyo moTxovna, rac bizantielebis xelSi iyo. amis gamo
man Tavisi 7 wliani mefoba gaatara sisxlian da uSedego teritoriuli
mTlianobisTvis brZolaSi bizantiasTan. somxebis daxmarebiT,
1
qarTuli fokas
Phokas
klanis samxedro liderebi saukuneebis manZilze
konkurencias uwevdnen bizantiel imperators. 602 wels maT konfliqts
moulodneli Sedegebi mohyva: sparseTis sasanidma mefe xosrom II Khosrau
(590628 ww.) samefo taxti moipova imperator mauricis Maurice (582602)
mxardaWeriT. samagierod man Zalaufleba somxeTze, iberiasa da lazeTze
bizantias gadauloca. 602 wels bizantiis es imperatori moklul iqna
general fokas mier, ramac xosros SurisZieba gamoiwvia da man ieriSi
miitana bizantiis winaaRmdeg. Tumca aSkara iyo misi meore mizanic, rom
aneqsirebuli yofiliyo bizantiis rac SeiZleba meti teritoria. misma
jarma 614 wels mTeli anatolia, siria, ierusalimi da egviptec ki aiRo,
magram arabebi ar gaunadgurebia, radgan amis aucilebloba ar iyo. arabebi
im dros SeumCnevalad iyvnen. islami swored am dros aRmocenda. cnobilia
muhamedis werili xosros saxelze, mas zoroastrianizmis sanacvlod
islamis religia erwmuna. male fokas memkvidrem, heraklem
Heraclius
Sekriba
jari da 629/360 w.Si brZola wamoiwyo mTeli dakarguli teritoriebis
dasabruneblad, magram 620 wels muhameds saocari mogzauroba hqonda
ierusalimSi angeloz gabrielTan erTad, rodesac alaqsas meCeTi
AlAqsa
Mosque
aRmarTes ebrauli taZris nangrevebze, ris gamoc is dResac davis
sagania.
36
axalgazrda da ambiciurma mefem, giorgi Ima kvlav daipyro tao
10151016 wlebSi. is Sevida aliansSi egviptis fatim xalifTan da al
hakimTan AlHakim (9961021 ww.). ramac basili rTul situaciaSi Caayena.
igi iZulebuli iyo, Tavi Seekavebina mwvave reaqciisgan giorgisgan
miyenebul Seuracxyofebze.
bizantielebi mudmivad omobdnen bulgarelebTan, raTa SeezRudaT
maTi qmedebebi. basils bulgarTa mmusvrels uwodebdnen misi
Seubralebeli sisastikis gamo. man 15 000 bulgareli tyve daabrmava,
100dan mxolod erTs utovebda Tvalebs, raTa ukan wasuliyo
TvalebdaTxril tyveebTan erTad. magram, rogorc ki bulgareTi
daipyres, xalif alhakimi mokles da jars saTaveSi Caudga basili,
gaaZliera varangebis armia Varangian Guards, raTa ebrZolaT saqarT
velosa da somxeTis winaaRmdeg 1021 wels. damqancveli omi or wels
gagrZelda, romelic bizantiis gamarjvebiT dasrulda. mefe daviTma
tao, kola, artaani, javaxeTi da Cvili vaJi bagrati mZevlad gadasca
basils 1022 wels
1
.
sabednierod, ugunuri brZola Tanaqristianebs Soris dasrul
da. konstantinopolma daafinansa sveticxovlis monastris rekonst
ruqcia, mcxeTis mTavari sakaTedro taZari. 1027 wels mefe giorgi I
moulodnelad gardaicvala da dakrZalul iqna dedaqalaq quTaisSi,
bagratis taZarSi. giorgi I orjer iyo daqorwinebuli – pirvelad
somxeTis princesaze mariam vaspurakanze, romelTanac hyavda vaJi,
ufliswuli bagrati, xolo meored alanebis princesaze.
miuxedavad imisa, rom basil IIm miitaca sakamaTo teritoriebi,
qarTvelma mefeebma SeinarCunes damoukidebloba da gaaerTianes
qarTuli miwebi. mamis sikvdilis Semdeg bagrati bizantiis tyveobidan
daubrunda saxls, raTa gamxdariyo saqarTvelos mefe bagrat IV (1027
1072 ww.), romelsac colad hyavda alaneli borena, vinc daafinansa
ierusalimSi sionis mTaze mdebare qarTuli monastris rekonstruqcia.
misi qaliSvili maria (mariami) miTxovda or bizantiel imperators,
romelTac gauCina bizantiis taxtis memkvidre. im dros es iSviaTi
SemTxveva iyo bizantiis istoriaSi, radgan Cveulebriv, mxolod
berZnebs irTavdnen colad. maria da misi deda borena gavleniani
qalbatonebi iyvnen maTi politikuri da saqvelmoqmedo saqmianobis
gamo, aTonis mTaze mdebare iveronis monastrisaTvis Sewirulobebis
gagzavnis CaTvliT. ana komnenis (Komnene) mixedviT, mariami iseTi
1
norvegiis momavalma mefem, harald hardradam, Harald Hardrada, rogorc
varangma daqiravebulma mebrZolma, qarTvelebTan erTad gailaSqra
kaspTan axlos, sasireTSi, taos dasabruneblad.
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