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ideologiasTan. misma filosofiurma farTo Tvalsazrisma Seajaxa
qarTul marTlmadideblobasTan, sanam mefe daviT IVm ar miiwvia
gelaTis akademiaSi. man Targmna aristotele, prokle, nemesiusi, amo
nius hermae, bibliis komponentebi, hagiografia da sxva Aristotle, Proclus,
Nemesius, Ammonius Hermiae.
SoTa rusTavelma Tavisi didebuli poema `vefxistyaosani~ mefe
Tamars miuZRvna. homerosis da sxva msoflios epikuri poemebisgan
gansxvavebiT, vefxistyaosani ar iyo poema omis Sesaxeb, aramed ambavi
siyvarulze, rodesac qalsac da mamakacsac Tanaswori uflebebi aqvT.
siuJeti martivia. rostevani, romelmac gadasca arabeTis gvirgvini
Tavis qaliSvils TinaTins, erT dRes nadirobda sardal avTandilTan
erTad, rodesac man SeniSna momtirali, araCveulebrivi garegnobis
mqone ymawvili, gamowyobili vefxis tyavSi. mefem brZana ucnobis
Sepyroba, Tumca mogvianebiT am ukanasknelis gauCinarebiT igi did
mwuxarebaSi Cavarda. TinaTinma daavala Tavis satrfos avTandilis
moeZebna. sami wlis manZilze vefxis tyavSi gamowyobili mamakacis
Zebnis dros avTandils uamravi Tavgadasavali gadaxda. aRmoCnda,
rom ucnob mamakacs tarieli erqva, romelic indoeTis mefis asulze
nestandarejanze iyo Seyvarebuli. es nawarmoebi ZiriTadad aRwers
simamaces, samarTlianobas, erTgulebasa da siyvaruls, rasac dasavleT
evropis literaturaSic aRwerdnen, magram es iyo saocari aseT patara
qveyanaSi me12 saukuneSi, romelic marto arsebobda dampyrobeli
aziuri tomebiT garSemortymuli.
poemaSi bevri ucxo qveyanaa warmodgenili, magram saocaria,
religiebi ar aris xsenebuli, yvela erTi RmerTis qveSaa. yvela
maT
ganisTvis qalis pativiscema pirvel adgilas iyo. am qalaqebis
mmarTveli gmirebi keTilSobiluri gziT midiodnen, rogorc WeSmariti
raindebi. raindoba ar aris iseTi ram, rac mxolod elitarul wreebSi
gvxvdeba, rogorc es evropaSi xdeba, aramed es adamianis cxovrebis we
sia. iseTi xrikebi, rogorc magaliTad troas cxenia, Zalzed samarcx
vino iqneboda. namdvil gmirs emosa vefxis tyavi da ara lomisa, rac
islamis simboloa. bunebaSi lomi da vefxvi erTmaneTis mtrebi arian.
vefxvi aris mTis cxoveli, romelic simboloa mdedrobiTi bunebisa,
xolo lomi savanis binadaria, romelic mamrobiT bunebas gamoxatavs.
herakle lomis tyavs atarebda.
XI – XIV saukuneebi (10211225 ww. da mogvianebiT 13371387 ww.)
saqarTveloSi oqros xana iyo. es iyo regionSi saqarTvelos hege
monobis mwvervali. monRolebis Semosevebamde da maTi gasvlis
Semdgom saqarTvelo mTeli regionis zesaxelmwifo iyo, ar arsebobda
ufro Zlieri Zala. saqarTvelos armia, gansakuTrebiT ki kavaleria,
44
daumarcxebeli iyo, radgan qarTvelebi, somxebi, albanelebi da sxva
kavkasieli xalxi fizikurad ufro Zlierni iyvnen da xmliT brZolebSi
yovelTvis gamarjvebulni gamodiodnen, magram Tofiswamlisa da zarba
znis gamogonebis Semdeg situacia mkveTrad Seicvala. saukuneebis man
Zilze ar yofila mSvidobiani periodi regionSi, rodesac Seiqmneboda
sakuTari zarbaznebi.
1213 wels dedofali Tamari gardaicvala. igi saidumlo adgilas
dakrZales. taxti man dautova Tavis memkvidres, laSa-giorgis IV (1213
1222 ww.). samefo garSemortymuli iyo xarkis gadamxdeli qveynebiT,
ramac uxvad gazarda xazina. 1220 wels papma honorius IIIm, im imediT,
rom iqneboda mexuTe jvarosnuli laSqroba, giorgis miswera damietas
prelatis pelagiusis xeliT, SeerTeboda laTinebs ierusalimis
muslimebisgan ganTavisuflebaSi. mefe giorgi gegmavda SeerTeboda
jvarosnebs palestinasTan. swored man miswera werili damaskoSi, sadac
afrTxilebda, rom ar ganexorcielebinaT arabebis ganzraxva, raTa dae
ngriaT ierusalimis kedeli, rasac sakmao yuradReba mieqca. mis dedas,
Tamars survili hqonda ierusalimSi daekrZalaT da giorgi mzad iyo amis
Sesasruleblad, Tumca, rodesac monRolebi Semoesivnen saqarTvelos,
laSagiorgi Tavad daiWra brZolaSi da gardaicvala 1222 wels.
monRolebi saqarTveloSi
1220 da 1230 wlebSi monRolTa laSqari gamoCnda kavkasiaSi mas
Semdeg, rac daipyres centraluri azia da CineTma gaaZliera kedeli da
dedaqalaqi gadaitana beijingSi (pekinSi Beijing) 1226 wels. monRolebi
SesaxedaobiT dabali, yviTeli feris kaniTa da wvrili TvalebiT xasiaT-
debodnen: metrnaxevari simaRliT patara zomis cxenebiT moZraobdenen,
iSviaTad Tu SeamCnevdiT maT TavianTi ponebidan gadmosuls.
Cineli samxedro specialistebis udidesi nawili mihyavdaT monebad,
raTa SeeqmnaT baza monRolebis warmatebis misaRwevad. dasavluri
wyaroebis mixedviT, iyo informacia, TiTqos, monRolebi wvrTnas
gadiodnen tamplierebTan, sadac imuSavebdnen gegmas muslimebis
dasamarcxeblad jvarosnuli laSqrobis dros.
amasobaSi jvarosnuli brZolebi grZeldeboda. pirveli parlamenti
inglisSi 1295 wels Seiqmna. germanelma qristianebma 1231 wels wamoiwyes
omi warmarTuli prusiis winaaRmdeg. venecieli marko polo CineTSi
gaemgzavra monRolTa mmarTvelobis dros, 1298-99 ww-Si. 1347-50 ww-Si
mTeli evropa (da saqarTvelo) itanjeboda Savi Wiris epidemiiT, rodesac
siciliidan norvegiamde Zlierad Semcirda evropis mosaxleoba.
45
CineTis dapyrobis
Sem dgom, monRolTa li
der ma Cingiz yaenma Genghis
(Chingis) Khan 12111215 ww
Si centraluri aziisa da
xvarazmisken gadainacvla.
xvarazme lebi, romelTac
jalal eddini JalaladDin
xelmZRvanelobda, mon
Ro
lebma aiZules dasav
leTisken wasu liyv nen da
isini Tavs daesxnen iransa
da saqarTvelos 1225 wels. isini met safrTxes warmoadgendnen, vidre
warmarTi monRolebi, radgan fanatikosi muslimebi iyvnen. rodesac
Tbilisi daeca, erTaderTi moTxovna iyo, uari eTqvaT qristianobaze
da fexiT gadaevloT xatze. es aris erTaderTi SemTxveva istoriaSi,
rodesac erTdroulad 100 000ma adamianma Tavi Seswira iesos da
marTlmadidebluri eklesiis mier yvela maTgani wmindanad Seiracxa.
es iyo didi saqarTvelos dasasruli. im dros iseTi mdgomareoba iyo,
rom evropis qalaqebi, romelTa mosaxleoba 5 000 adamians Seadgenda,
did qalaqad iTvleboda.
5 wlis ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelo nadgurdeboda xvarezmelebis
mier, magram 1230 wels monRolebi moadgnen kavkasias da Tbilisi
daikaves. dedofalma rusudanma (12221245 ww.) samefo taxti quTais
Si gadaitana. monRolebs jalaleddinic ki gaeqca, romelic mTeb
Si mokla qurTebis ojaxma misi mdidruli sabrZolo iaraRis gamo.
xvarazmelebma gadainacvles samxreTiT da 1244 wels me6 da me7
jvarosnuli laSqrobis dros SturmiT aiRes ierusalimi.
1240 wels monRolma baTu yaenma daaarsa oqros urdo ruseTis
teritoriaze da misma mtrulad ganwyobilma metoqem, hulagu yaenma
Hulagu Khan amierkavkasiasa da sparseTSi Seqmna ilxanTa Ilkhan urdo.
am situaciiT qarTvelebma warmatebiT isargebles. aravis undoda me
brZoli kavkasielebi mtrad egulebiaT, aramed piriqiT, undodaT
mokavSired hyolodaT qarTvelTa sastiki cxenosanTa jari.
saqarTvelo valdebuli iyo, xarki exada monRolebisTvis, sama
gierod isini ar ereodnen Sida saqmeebsa da religiaSi. Cingiz yaenmac
ki Tavidan aicila eklesiis sakuTrebis ganadgureba da me13 saukuneSi
igi miiCneoda saqarTveloSi did politikur figurad. Cingiz yaenma
Tavis amalas ubrZana: `monRolebma unda pativiscema gamoxatoT yvela
RmerTis winaSe~. qarTvelebi iZulebulni iyvnen, ebrZolaT monRolebT