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Zaza anCabaZe evropuli saqarTvelo
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mtrebi iyvnen islamisa da qristianebi da
jvarosnebi oqros urdosa da mamluqebTan
erTad ibrZodnen. hulagus deda, meuRle,
uaxloesi megobari da sardali kitbuqa
Kitbuqa, nestorianeli qristianebi iyvnen.
is 1264 wels Sexvda somex istorikoss var-
Tan arevelTsis Vartan Areweltsi da uTxra,
rom dabadebidan qristiani iyo.
miuxedavad imisa, rom icoda berqas
islam
ze moqcevis ambavi, hulagum mainc
daarbia islamis mimdevari ori cen
t
ra-
luri qalaqi – 1258 wels baRdadi da 1260
wels damasko. hulagus mier baRdadis darbeva STambeWdavi aRmoCnda.
baRdadis dangrevis Semdgom monRolTa Zalebi gaerTianda im regionis
qristian vasalebTan, iseTi rogoric iyo kilikiis somxeTis armia
hetoumis Hetoum meTaurobiT da antioqieli frankebis jari bohemond
VI-is Bohemond meTaurobiT, daipyres muslimuri siria, aiubidis Ayyubid
dinastiis samflobelo. maT SeZles ori qalaqis, damaskosa da alepos
erTdroulad aReba monRoli kitbuqas meTaurobiT 1260 wels. bevri
istorikosi aRwers am ambavs, Tu rogor Sevida damaskoSi sami qristiani
mbrZanebeli (kitbuqa, bohemondi da hetoumi) erTdroulad triumfiT
da didi qristianuli dResaswaulic gaimarTa. rogorc qarTvelTa
avtorebi iuwyebian, yvela am omSi qarTveli cxenosanTa jari aqtiurad
monawileobda.
me-13-me-14 saukunebSi bevrs ecadnen CamoeyalibebinaT aliansi
dasavleT evropisa da monRolebis samefo kars Soris. gaerTiandnen
muslimebis winaaRmdeg (ZiriTadad egvipteli mamluqebi), ilxanebma da
evropelebma kvlav ver SeZles gaeerTianebinaT Zalebi palestinaSi.
hulagus jari egviptisken miemarTeboda jvarosnebTan erTad, Tum-
ca 1260 wels SeCerdnen palestinaSi ain jalutis brZolaSi didi
damarcxebis gamo egviptel mamluqebTan, aseve berqasTan mtruli
damokidebulebis gamo, romelic emuqreboda ilxanats zurgidan.
berqa ganrisxebuli iyo hulagus gamZvinvarebuli brZoliT musli-
mebis winaaRmdeg da maTi xocva-JletiT. man hulagu xans uCivla mon-
RoleTis didi yaenisTvis miweril SetyobinebebSic. Tavisi diswuli
noRai yaeni aamxedra, ieriSi mietana poloneTze 1259 wels, raTa
moegrovebina finansebi omisTvis. poloneTis ramdenime qalaqi
gaZarcves, krakovis CaTvliT. 1261 wels berqam gaayalba aliansi,
romelSic iyvnen egvipteli mamluqebi, sulTani quTuzi Qutuz da
mogvianebiT sulTani baibarsi Baibars, da mxari dauWira qarTuli saxelm-
baTu yaenis qandakeba TurqeTSi
49
wifos ajanyebas hulagus mmarTvelobis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi 1259-1260
wlebSi. am periodSi hulagu yaeni gansakuTrebulad keTilganwyobili
iyo qarTveli mefeebis mimarT im mizniT, rom mieRo maTi mxardaWera
Crdiloel metoqesTan brZolaSi. oqros urdosa da ilxanebs Soris
omma 1262 wels ifeTqa, arsebiTad ki aRsaniSnavi iyo gaerTianebuli
monRolTa imperiis dasasrulis dasawyisi, romelic erTi saukunis
Semdeg, 1340-60 wlebSi dezintegrirebuli iyo Savi WiriT.
mamai Mamai (1380 w.), TaTarTa winamZRoli, cdilobda aRedgina
Zalaufleba rus meamboxeebze, raTa CaexSo maTi ajanyeba. igi gaxda
mokavSire litveli jogailas Jogaila princisa da rusi ufliswuli
olegisa, romlebic moskoveli dimitris dauZebeli mtrebi iyvnen.
mamaim Tavisi karavi mdinare donis napirTan dadga mokavSireTa –
litvisa da riazanis armiebis molodinSi. troicko-sergievis lavraSi
dimitri Sexvda wm. sergi radoneJels, romelmac daloca rusuli
armia kolomnasTan brZolis dros. dimitrim gadawyvita saswrafod
dasxmoda Tavs mamais, sanam gaZlierdeboda. 1380 wlis 7 seqtembers
rusebma gadakveTes doni da kulikovos brZolaSi, sami saaTis Semdeg,
gaimarjves kidec. mamai yirimSi gaiqca, magram genuelebma igi mokles,
radgan ar apaties genueli mSvildosnebis ganadgureba, romlebic
daxoces rusebma.
mamais damarcxebis Semdeg ToxTamiSma Tokhtamysh warmatebuli
laSqroba moawyo 1382 wels ruseTis winaaRmdeg, raTa samagiero
gadaexada kulikovos damarcxebisTvis. 6 welSi ToxTamiSma SeZlo
gaeerTianebina oqros urdo yirimidan balxaSis tbamde. man 1382
wels alyaSi moaqcia moskovi. am dros ruseTis istoriaSi pirvelad,
moskovelebma gamoiyenes cecxlsasroli iaraRi. agvistoSi ToxTamiSis
mxardamWerebma: suzdalelma dimitrim, riazanelma olegma, niJni
novgorodis hercogma semionma daarwmunes moskovelebi, gaexsnaT
qalaqis karibWe, im pirobiT, rom mebrZoli Zalebi ar daazianebdnen
qalaqs. ToxTamiSis armiam gadawva da gaanadgura moskovi da daxoces
24 000 adamiani. ruseTs gadarCenis Sansi mieca aziuri urTierTqiSpobis
gamo, rodesac ToxTamiSi gaanadgura Temur lengma sul ramdenime
wlis Semdeg, 1390 wels. ToxTamiSi, rogorc Temur lengi, imedovneb-
da Cingis yaenis msgavs warmatebis miRwevaze da 50 000 kaciani armiiT
kackasiis gavliT gadavida samxreTSi, SeiWra sparseTSi da 1385
wels aiRo Tavrizi, romelic 1383 wels ukve iyo dapyrobili Turq-
monRolTa axali ambiciuri sardlis Temur lengis mier. rodesac
ToxTamiSi kavkasiidan ukan gadavida CrdiloeTSi, Temur lengma 1386
wels isev dalaSqra sparseTi, saqarTvelo da azerbaijani. dabolos,
1391 wels Temur lengi Tavs daesxa oqros urdos. ToxTamiSi sastikad
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