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1502 wels azerbaijanelma yaenma ismailma Khan Ismail, SemdgomSi
iranis safianTa imperiis damaarsebelma (mamiT qurTi, wminda sufis
STamomavali da dediT pontoeli berZeni, trapizonis imperatoris
ioan IVis qaliSvilis vaJi) sTxova qarTvelebs daxmarebodnen iranel
yizilbaSebTan Qizilbash brZolaSi da gadamwyvet brZolaSi daiRupa 9000
qarTveli da 7000 azerbaijaneli. Turqmenebi damarcxdnen da ismaili
gaxda iranis uzarmazari teritoriis mmarTveli.
Sesabamisad, saqarTvelos mefeebis, qarTlisa da kaxeTis da samcxis
mTavarTa urTierToba iranTan momdevni 3 saukunis ganmavlobaSi (1500
1800 ww.) Semdegnairad warimarTa: yizilbaSebi ar ereodnen Sida saqmeebSi,
rodesac qarTvelebi uxdidnen garkveul xarks; omis SemTxvevaSi, isini
gamoiyvandnen TavianT jars.
amave dros, daiwyes tyved Cavardnili qarTvelebis sefevidTa
iranSi gadayvana. bevri Tavis nebiT gadadioda iranSi. Tu islamis
religiaze moeqceodnen, qarTvel Tavadaznaurobas hqondaT ufleba
Rvinis dalevisa. qalebisa da bavSvebis udidesi nawili Sahis haremSi
moxvda. ase rom, elitam daiwyo iranis Sida da samxedro saqmeebis
kontroli.
Sah ismaili didi raodenobiT alkoholis miRebis gamo 1524 wels
gardaicvala. iranis taxti memkvidreobiT gadaeca 10 wlis Sah Tamazs
(Tahmasfs) Is Tahmasp (152476 ww.). mis 9 meuRles Soris, 4 qarTveli iyo.
swored man daiwyo sparsuli xaliCis warmoeba qveynis masStabiT.
amavdroulad, mudmivi brZola saqarTvelos TavisuflebisaTvis
grZeldebida. daviT Xm (15051525 w.) uari Tqva islamis miRebaze. igi ar
eaxla Sah ismails da daiwyo omisTvis mzadeba. 1521 wels Sahma gagzavna
didZali armia qarTlis dasapyrobad, aiRo saqarTvelos dedaqalaqi
Tbilisi. iranelebma alya Semoartyes cixesimagres, romelsac
nariyalas eZaxdnen, romlis nangrevebi dRemdea SemorCenilia. Sida br
ZolaSi gamarjvebulma mefe daviTma imave wels daibruna Tbilisi da
Tavi daaRwia Sahis tyveobas.
luarsab I (15271556 ww.), qarTlis mefe, saqarTvelos istoriaSi
cnobilia, rogorc dauRalavi mebrZoli TavisuflebisaTvis. me17 sau
kunis iraneli istorikosi iskander munSi wers, rom luarsabi gamorCeu
li iyo qarTvel mefeebs Soris mamacobiTa da gabedulobiT. 1555 wels,
misi mefobis dros, amasiaSi dado zavi Peace of Amasia. saqarTvelo gaiyo
iransa da TurqeTs Soris. magram Tbilisi kvlav daikaves iranelebma
momdevno 2 saukune.
rodesac luarsabi gmirulad daeca iranTan brZolis dros, qarTlis
samefo gvirgvini misma vaJma simon Ima (15561600 ww.) daidga sveticxov
elSi, 19 wlis asakSi. igi didi simamaciT agrZelebda TavisuflebisTvis
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brZolas. mefem, kaxeTis jarTan erTad, alya Semoartya Tbiliss 1561
wels da garkveuli mizezebis gamo damarcxda. 9 Zma amilaxvari ibrZoda
am omSi.
simonis ufrosi Zma (daviT XIdaud xani David XIDaud Khan) wavida
iranSi da gadavida islamis religiaze. iranis Sahma igi iSvila da da
brunda TbilisSi, rogorc qarTlis mefe 156278 ww. saqarTvelo gai
yo or banakad, mebrZolebad da momxreebad. metoqe Zmebi erTmaneTs
brZolis velze ramdenjerme Sexvdnen. bolos da bolos sparselebi
gabatondnen, 1569 wels simoni Seipyres da borkilebiT gagzavnes
alamutis cixesimagreSi. man uari Tqva islamis miRebaze da amave
cixesimagreSi iyo dapatimrebuli.
amave dros, 1547 wels ivane IV mrisxanem miiRo mefis – keisaris
tituli Tsar (`Caesar~) da miiRo bizantiis orTaviani arwivi, rogorc
gerbi, romelzec memkvidreoba moiTxova. 1567 wels man gagzavna 500
rusi jariskaci saqarTveloSi. yirimis yaeni da TurqeTis vasali
aRSfoTebulni iyvnen ruseTis moqmedebebiT da 1571 wels moskovi
aiRes. yirimel TaTrebTan erTad ukrainelebma ataman daSkeviTCis
meTaurobiT, monawileoba miiRes moskovze laSqrobaSi.
kaTolikuri Zalebis mier osmalebis damarcxeba maltaze 1565 wels,
venasTan 1529 wels da lepontos brZolaSi 1571, romelsac meTaurobda
espaneli filipe II, iyo saSineli dartyma osmalebis uZlevelobis
miTze. Tumca osmalebma swrafad ganaaxles gemebi, gamocdili sazRvao
oficrebisa da mezRvaurebis Sevseba veRar moxerxda. portugalielebis
mier keTili imedis koncxisa aRmoCena 1488 wels gamowveuli iyo evropis
ZalisxmeviT, raTa aelagmaT osmalTa monopolia savaWro gzebze, ro
goric iyo abreSumis gza. sabolood, espanuri vercxlis uzarmaz
arma Semodinebam amerikidan, gamoiwvia osmaluri valutis mkveTri
gaufasureba da imperiis dasusteba.
15781590 wwSi, TurqeTis imperia ZiriTadad saqarTveloSi
awarmoebda osmalsefevidebis omebs. yvela mniSvnelovan brZolaSi
TurqeTis jarebs xelmZRvanelobda lala mustafa faSa, albaneli
warmoSobis didi veziri. lala mustafa faSas armiam gadawyvita
saqarTvelos aoxreba da gadawva Tbilisis cixesimagre. daud xanma
saqarTvelos mmarTveloba gadasca Turqebs da stambolSi gaiqca,
sadac igi kargad miiRes da swored iq Seadgina ori samedicino wigni
da qarTulad gadaTargmna.
Turqebis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad iranelebma daiwyes jaris
meTauris Zebna. mefe simoni patimrobaSi iyo da alkoholze
damokidebuli gaxda. qarTvelma didgvarovanma SalikaSvilma, iraneli
Sah heidar alis dedam, mas gaugzavna xanjali moTxovniT, aerCia an
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brZola an sikvdili. mefe simoni, 5000 kacian iranel jarTan erTad,
SeiWra saqarTveloSi 1578 wels imxanad yvelaze Zlieri imperiis
dasamarcxeblad. TurqeTis sulTanma 20 000 jariskaci gagzavna
damaskodan TbilisSi. simoni ki dauxvda cixesimagrisken laSqrobis
dros da TiTqmis yvela maTgani amoxoca. Turqi jaris sardalic
qarTveli mustafa (manuCari) iyo. man Tavis 50 megobarTan erTad
gadawyvita saqarTvelosken xmliT gaekafa gza. is kvlav qristianad
moeqca da ibrZoda Turqebis winaaRmdeg.
1582 wels simonma gaaTavisufla Tbilisi. Turqebma kidev erTxel
gagzavnes saqarTveloSi jari. 30 000 Turqi jariskaci ganlagebuli
iyo TbilisTan axlos, rodesac qarTuli misia mivida dasazaveblad.
Turqebi kmayofilni da gaxarebulebi iyvnen. es simonis dasazveri misia
iyo. RamiT, cxenosanTa 4000 jarTan erTad, igi SeiWra banakis StabSi da
sardali Turqebi amoxoca.
mefe simons romis papi klementi VIII did pativs scemda, iseve
rogorc romis imperiis mefe rudolf II da espaneTis mefe filipe II.
is pirveli iyo, romelmac Turqebis damarcxeba SesZlo (sobeskis mier
venis alyis garRvevamde). simon Is intensiuri molaparakebebi hqonda
evropel mefeebTan, raTa SeeqmnaT axali antimuslimuri gaerTianeba,
im mizniT, rom daexsnaT ierusalimi, magram kaTolike evropelebma
ufro praqtikuli gza airCies, rom gamxdariyvnen iranis mokavSire da
gaelaSqraT Turqebis winaaRmdeg. am dros Turqebma Seqmnes samxedro
aliansi safrangeTTan, inglisis protestant samefosTan, germaniis
samefoebTan erTad kaTolike habsburgebis espaneTis, italiis,
habsburgTa avstriis winaaRmdeg. magram namdvili simdidre (aseve
amerikis oqro) da Zalaufleba kaTolikeebis xelSi iyo. protestantebi
safrTxeSi iyvnen. 1598 wels simonma qarTlSi da kaTolikeebma ungreTSi
wamoiwyes Turqebis sawinaaRmdego kampania erTdroulad, magram
samwuxarod, orive galaSqreba warumatebeli aRmoCnda.
1599 wels 63 wlis mefe simoni tyved Cavarda, rodesac naxidurTan
brZolis dros mxedari Seejaxa da cxenTan erTad gadavarda kldidan.
amas 3 dRis ganmavlobaSi zeimobda TurqeTis imperia. igi jaWvebSekruli
gaamgzavres konstantinopolSi, sadac 2 weliwadSi, 1600 wels cixeSi
gardaicvala. qarTvelebma gamoisyides misi cxedari da gmiri mefe
dakrZalul iqna mcxeTaSi, sveticxovlis taZarSi.
saqarTvelo mudmivad safrTxis qveS iyo, magram gansakuTrebiT
am periodSi, me16 saukuneSi, rodesac farTod gavrcelda muSketebi
da artileria, rac niSnavda saqarTvelos samxedro upiratesobis
udavo dasasruls. qarTvel cxenosanTa armia istoriis manZilze
daumarcxebeli iyo xmliT brZolaSi.
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