Zaza anCabaZe evropuli saqarTvelo
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90 da igi avRanelebma daikaves. mahmud avRan xanma Mahmud Afghan Khan, romlis mamam mokla giorgi XI, 1722 wels Tavi iranis mmarTvelad gamoacxada. mas Zalzed eSinoda qarTvelebis da daumorCileblobis nacvlad qarTvelebs uflebebi SesTavaza. Sahis umcrosi vaJi Tahmasfi Tahmasp gadarCa isfahanis alyaSi moqcevisas da man agreTve gaugzavna vaxtangsa da bakurs mdidruli saCuqrebi im imediT, rom maTgan miiRebda daxmarebas. amave dros, osmalebma SesTavazes vaxtangs gaerTianebuliyvnen sparseTis winaaRmdeg, magram man arCia rusebis mxare daekavebina. petres dapirebam, rom miawodebda kavkasiel qristianebs samxedro daxmarebas, didi eiforia gamoiwvia qarTvelebsa da somxebSi, radgan orives undoda yofiliyo ruseTis mflobelobaSi. 1722 wlis seqtemberSi vaxtangi 40 aTasian qarTulsomxur armiasTan erTad dabanakda ganjaSi, raTa SeerTebodnen rusebis eqspedicias. es iyo pirveli samxedro kampania kavkasiaSi, romelic petre didma wamoiwyo 1722 wlis ivlisSi, rodesac man aiRo derbenti da generalma maTiuSkinma daikava baqo. miuxedavad amisa, petrem SeaCera Tavisi kampania senatidan miRebuli cudi ambebis gamo da dabrunda astraxansa da Semdeg peterburgSi. vaxtangi mitovebul iqna rusi mokavSirisgan da 1722 wlis noemberSi TbilisSi dabrunda. Tumca kavkasiaSi yvelaze didi qristianuli armia Seiqmna, mainc verafris gakeTeba SeZles. am situaciiT isargebla TurqeTma, romelic kaxeTis muslimi mefis mokavSire iyo, vinc daRestnidan daiqirava lekebi da Tavs daesxa qarTls. 1723 wels dakavebul iqna Tbilisi da 3 dRis ganmavlobaSi Zarcvavdnen mas. konstantinopolis Constantinople (Kucuk Kainarka) Tractate 1724 wlis traqtatis mixedviT, TurqeTma kaspiis zRvis napiri dauTmo petres, saqarTvelosa da somxeTis mflobelobis sanacvlod. 12 weli batonobda TurqeTi kaxeTsa da qarTlSi. dasavleT saqarTvelo TurqeTis kontrolis qveS iyo mefe simonTan brZolis Semdeg. iseve rogorc mefe vaxtang VI, simonic mTlianad rusi petres imedze iyo. petrem samxedro floti aaSena mdinare donze da daikava azovis porti. ruseTi mxolod dReebiT iyo moSorebuli samegrelos, afxazeTsa da imereTs. gavrcelda Worebi britanelebisa da rusebis Sav zRvaze win wawevisa, SvedeTis cixidan ganTavisuflebuli aleqsandre batoniSvilis meTaurobiT. dasavleT saqarTvelom daiwyo uaris Tqma osmalebisTvis xarkis gadaxdaze, magram vaxtangis fiaskos Semdgom Turqebis Tavdasxmebma male CaaxSo es urCoba 1 .
osmalebs ar undoda dasavleT saqarTvelos oficialuri aneqsia da mosaxleobis islamizacia; Tuki amas gaakeTebdnen, veRar miiRebdnen 91 TurqeTsa da sparseTs Soris omebSi, saqarTvelos mosaxleobis samimeoTxedi nawili ganadgurebuli iyo da mefe vaxtang VIm dedofal rusudanTan (warmoSobiT Cerqezi), mTel ojaxTan da 1200 kacian Tanmxleb amalasTan erTad 1724 wels gadakveTa kavkasia ruseTis mimarTulebiT. maT ruseTSi Caitanes wminda nivTebi, maT Soris `lursmani~, romliTac ieso jvarze gaakres. es nivTi qarTvel mefes me13 saukuneSi gadaeca saCuqrad bizantiis imperatorisgan, romelic axla ruseTis romeliRac muzeumSi inaxeba. petre gaSmagebuli iyo im faqtiT, rom vaxtangma qveyana aseT dros datova da ar darTo neba peterburgSi darCenisa. mefe arCilis qaliSvils darejans Zalzed axlo urTierToba hqonda petre didTan da moagvara petres da vaxtangis Sexvedra, magram didi tragedia iyo mefisTvis, rodesac Seityo petres gardacvalebis ambavi 1725 wels. `papuna orbelianis qronikebis~ `Chronique de Papouna Orbeliani~ mixedviT, petres ukanaskneli sityvebi iyo `saqarTvelo imeddakargulia, daicaviT is rwmenis gulisaTvis da gagzavneT jarebi Cemi xarjebiT~, `Georgia is desperate, protect it in sake of our faith, send the troops on my expenses~. ramdenime xnis win ganrisxebulma petrem mokla Tavisi vaJi aleqsei (iseve rogorc ivane mrisxanem) da aRar hyavda memkvidre (danarCeni 6 vaJi yrmobis asakSi daiRupa). 1722 wels man gadawyvita, rom memkvidre mxolod mefis arCevani iyo da ara genialogiis sakiTxi. 1724 wels man Tavisi meore litvelpoloneli meuRle ekaterine I (marTa helena skovronska) Catherine I (Marta Helena Skowronska) gamoacxada TanammarTvelad da man imefa petres gardacvalebis Semdeg 2 wlis manZilze, Tumca memkvidre ar dautovebia. ekaterine I (17251727 ww.) ecada daxmareboda stumrebs saqarT velodan da gaugzavna mniSvlovani Tanxa da gadasca miwis nakveTi (maTi vaJebi gaxdnen cnobili rusi generlebi, borodinos brZolis gmiri, Tavadi petre bagrationis CaTvliT, s. laSqarevi (laSqariSvili) msaxurobda sagareo saqmeTa saministroSi, rogorc Turquli departamentis xelmZRvaneli da sxva), magram geopolitikurad SeuZlebeli iyo saqarTvelos daxmareba aseT rTul periodSi. isic ki SesTavazes, rom yvela kaxeli daesaxlebinaT ruseTis dausaxlebel gadasaxadebs urwmunoebisagan da ver miiRebdnen saukeTeso monamebr Zolebs. mxolod Cerqezebi darCebodaT. amasTan, Turqebs gauCndebodaT zedmeti pasuxismgebloba adgilobrivi muslimanebis socialuri uzrun vel yofisaTvis. ase rom, me18 saukunis ganmavlobaSi samegrelo, imereTi, afxazeTi, guria da raWa ZiriTadad ebrZodnen erTmaneTs, raTa rac SeiZleba meti mona gaeyidaT osmaleTSi. 92 teritoriaze mdinare TergTan, magram SeTavazebaze uari iTqva qarTvelebisTvis gasagebi mizezis gamo. ekaterine Iis sikvdilis Semdeg gvirgvini gadaeca ara dedoflis qaliSvils, aramed aleqseis vaJs petre IIs (17271730 ww.), romelic Zalzed avad iyo da misi sikvdilis Semdeg, romanovebis dinastiis mamrobiTi sqesis pirdapiri xazi damTavrda da mefes aRar darCa realuri memkvidre. uzenaesma sabWom airCia petres Zmiswuli ana ivanovna, rogorc ruseTis imperatori 1730 wlidan 1740 wlamde. ana gaTxovebisTanave daqvrivda, amitom Svilebi ar hyavda. man sasiyvarulo kavSirebi gaaba fon bironTan von Biron da burqardt qristof miunixTan Burchardt Christoph Munnich espaneTis memkvidreobis omis veteranTan, romelic ganaTlebiT inJineri iyo, msaxurobda omis kolejis prezidentad, da warmatebiT daasrula petres evropuli (prusiuli) stilis samxedro reforma, daaarsa mZime husarTa nawilebi da grenaderebi. misi mTavroba imarTeboda germanelebis mier. 1734 wels imperatorma anam vaxtang VIc ki gagzavna sparseTSi, rogorc despani, magram sparseTi ukve gaerTianebuli iyo nadir Sahis mier da misia SeCerebul iqna. TurqeTTan omis mzadebis gamo anam aRudgina sparseTs dapyrobili teritoriebi kaspiis zRvis gayolebiT, baqos da derbentis CaTvliT. 1735 wels ruseTma omi gamoacxada osmalebis winaaRmdeg, miunixis ambiciuri gegmebis Sesabamisad, romelic gegmavda konstantinopolis aRebas, magram es gegma gadaido, sanam gadawydeboda azovisa da yirimis Tema. ruseTis ZiriTadi Zalebi miunixis meTaurobiT daeSva dneprisken, daipyro azovi, magram yirimSi damarcxda. 1740 wels, anas sikvdilamde 2 kviriT adre, man Svilad aiyvana princ briunsvikluneburgisa da meklenburgis dedoflis Prince BrunswickLüneburg and Duchess of Mecklenburg 8 kviris vaJi, romelic Tavis memkvidred daasaxela, mefe ivane VI. magram erT welSi, 1741 wels elisabed petrovam, petre Iis kanonierma qaliSvilma, gamoiyena rusebis Sovinisturi grZnobebi SeZlo ubralo xalxis keTilganwyoba moepovebina da gvardielebis mxardaWerac miiRo, amiT ki xelSi Caigdo gvirgvini. preobraJenskis polki zamTris sasaxlisken daiZra, sadac daapatimres Cvili imperatori da misi ojaxi graf miunixTan erTad. es aRmoCnda gabeduli svla, romelmac sisxlisRvris gareSe Caiara. miunixi da germaneli msaxurebi dapatimrebul iyvnen RalatisTvis, romelTac unda aerCiaT an sikvdili, an cimbirSi gadasaxleba. antiucxouri grZnobebi, praqtikulad antigermanuli, sakmaod Sors wavida. frangebi, revoluciebisa da napoleonis drosac ki, popularulni gaxdnen. Cvili mefe 25 wliT daapatimres da rodesac imperator ekaterine IIs winaaRmdeg SeTqmulebma moiTxoves mefe ivanes ganTavisufleba,
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