93
saidumlo instruqciebis Sesabamisad, cixis zedamxedvelebma saswrafod
mokles igi. ivanes dedmamiSvilebi, romlebic cixeSi daibadnen,
gagzavnes mamidasTan, daniis dedofalTan, raTa meurve yofiliyo da
dasaxldnen iutlandiaSi, sadac isini cxovrobdnen mTeli sicocxlis
manZilze ekaterines xarjiT.
imperatori elisabedi (17411762 ww.) miiCneva erTerT yvelaze
cnobil monarqad misi mtkice antiprusiuli politikis gamo da aseve
imiT, rom misi mefobis dros arc erTi adamiani ar dausjiaT sikvdiliT.
garda amisa, igi aseve cnobili iyo ruseTis imperiis ulamazes
mmarTvelad. magram is imperatrica iyo da uyoymanod Caeba or ZiriTad
konfliqtSi evropaSi: avstriis memkvidreobisTvis omi (17408 ww.) da
Svidwliani omi (175663 ww.), ramac imperiis uzarmazari gafarToeba
gamoiwvia yvela mimarTulebiT.
magram arc elisabeds hyavda Svilebi. misi mamis, petre didis
mier organizebuli niSnobidan ramdenime dReSi, misi meuRle princi
holSteingotorfi Prince of HolsteinGottorp gardaicvala. elisabeds
mTeli Tavisi darCenili sicocxle uyvarda ukraineli glexi
razumovski, romelic erTerT ukrainul sofelSi eklesiaSi mgalobeli
iyo, sadac imperatrica SemTxveviT Sevida da wirvas daeswro. magram
masze qorwineba SeuZlebeli iyo da amitom gauTxovarma da uSvilo
dedofalma memkvidred daasaxela Tavisi diswuli karl petre ulrixi
Karl Peter Ulrich Duke of HolsteinGottorp. elisabedma 14 wlis diswuli
dapatiJa sanqt peterburgSi, sadac igi moeqca orTodoqsqristianul
eklesiaSi da dinastiis gasamtkiceblad elisabedma princesa sofia
Princess Sophie of AnhaltZerbst daniSna Tavis diswulis sacoled. rusul
marTlmadideblur eklesiaSi moqcevis Semdgom sofias saxeli Seucvales
da elisabedis dedis pativsacemad ekaterine daarqves (mogvianebiT
imperatrica ekaterine II).
ase rom, elisabedis sikvdilis Semdeg, 1762 wels, 6 Tvis ganmavlobaSi
samefo taxti dakavebuli hqonda karlpetre ulrix holStein
gotorfs petre IIIis saxeliT. amiT holSteingotorfis dinastiis Sto
iRebs saTaves ruseTSi. holSteini patara sahercogo iyo CrdiloeT
germaniaSi, romlis dedaqalaqic iyo kili, gotorfis Stos meTaurobiT
oldenburgis ojaxidan. es ojaxi didi xnis ganmavlobaSi iyo romanovebis
dinastiasTan daaxloebuli da yovelTvis mniSvnelovani roli ekava
ruseTis administraciaSi. yvela romanovi mefis coli holStein
gotorfis oldenburgis ojaxidan iyo. ekaterines dedac aseve am ojaxis
warmomadgeneli gaxldaT. swored amis gamo oldenburgebi privilegiiT
sargeblobdnen romanovebis ruseTis imperiaSi. saerTod paradoqsulia,
romanovebi pirdapir ar daqorwinebulan arc erT mmarTvel (ra Tqma
unda, aramezobel) evropul dinastiis warmomadgenelze.
94
petre IIIs sZulda rusebi da sajarod acxadebda, rom ara impe
ratoris statusi, siamovnebiT gaxdeboda prusieli generali da
irgvliv Semoikrebda holSteinebs. erTaderTi omi, rac petres,
rogorc holStainis grafs, ainteresebda daniis winaaRmdeg brZola
iyo, raTa daebrunebina Tavisi sagrafosTvis Slezvigi (Schleswig). misma
colma ekaterinem (AnhaltZerbst)ostaturad gamoiyena es situacia da
Sovinistur grZnobebze dayrdnobiT, petres brali dasdo ara
pat
riotuli omis wamowyebis dagegmvaSi. ekaterines imdenad bevri intimuri
Tayvanismcemeli hyavda garemocvaSi da gvardiaSi, rom SeTqmulebis
mowyoba misi qmris winaaRmdeg rTuli ar iqneboda. es damTavrda imiT,
rom gvardielebma orlovis meTaurobiT mokles petre ekaterines
piradi survilis gamo 1762 wels.
magram ekaterine II (17621796 ww.) misi uricxvi da talantiT
dajildoebuli Tayvanismcemlebis meSveobiT gaxda Zalzed warmatebuli
mmarTveli
1
da daiwyo sagareo saqmianobis aRorZineba, kavkasiis
politikis CaTvliT.
vaxtang VI gardaicvala 1737 wels, rodesac sparseTSi arCasuli
astraxanidan brundeboda ukan. man datova cnobili samecniero da
kulturuli memkvidreoba. is avtori iyo kargad cnobili wignisa
`qimia~. swored man vlaxeTis qarTveli meufe anTimozis archbishop of
Walachia Anthim daxmarebiT daaarsa pirveli tipografia saqarTvelosa
da mTels kavkasiaSi, 1712 wels.
mTeli am wlebis ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelo ganagrZobda TurqebTan
brZolas
2
. magram am dros iranma daiwyo gaZliereba. 1726 wels qristiani
givi amilaxvari Turqebis mier mmarTvelad iyo daniSnuli. mas mieca
SesaZlebloba farulad emuSava qarTvelebis gaerTianebaze. 1734 wels
gamoCnda mizezi, rodesac Tamaz yuli xani (mogvianebiT nadernadir
Sahi) Tamaz Kuli Khan (later NaderNadir Shah), iranis erTerTi tomis
mmarTveli, ajanyda Turqebis winaaRmdeg. amilaxvarmac isargebla
SemTxveviT da aiRo Tbilisi. 1735 wels Tamaz yuli xani TbilisSi
Sevida rogorc mokavSire, magram, rodesac amilaxvris qaliSvili
moitaces yizilbaSebma nadir Sahis meTaurobiT im mizniT, rom SeerTo
misi vaJisTvis, brZola gaCaRda maT Soris da amilaxvari datyvevebul
iqna. 1736 wels sefevidebis (sefianTa) dinastiis bolo iranis Sahi
mokles nadiris meTaurobiT da axla igi airCies Sahad. misi poziciebi
konsolidirebul iqna. rusebmac ki (imperatori ana) daabrunes baqo da
derbenti 173234 wwSi.
1
misi meuRle, petre III, arasdros laparakobda gamarTuli rusuliT, roca
ekaterine II werda rusulad poemebsa da libretoebsac ki.
2
Tumca nadir Sahi warmoSobiT Turqi iyo.
95
rodesac 173738 wwSi nadir Sahma daiwyo Seteva avRanelebze,
aravin darCa, raTa exelmZRvanela iranis armiisTvis, garda qarTveli
amilaxvrisa. qarTveli didgvarovani gaaTavisufles da dainiSna iranis
Zalebis xelmZRvanelad avRanelebis winaaRmdeg. madlierebis niSnad
misi warmatebisa avRaneTSi, is daabrunes saqarTveloSi mmarTvelad
1741 wels. 1744 wels is ajanyda iranelebis winaaRmdeg. mefe Teimuraz
II da misi vaJi erekle II qarTul da iranel jarTan erTad gaemarTa
prorusuli qarTvelebis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad. amilaxvars
alya Semoartyes suramis cixeSi, magram ar danebebula. nadir Sahi
mixvda, rom igi daumarcxebeli iyo da kompromisi SesTavaza: Tu igi
danebdeboda, Sahi daTanxmdeboda mieRo Teimuraz II da misi vaJi erekle
II rogorc qristianebi. maRali erovnuli interesis gamo igi daTanxmda
saqarTvelos mefesa da dedoflis winaSe danebebas. dasjis mizniT
nadir Sahma SesTavaza an dabrmaveba, an iranSi dabruneba. amilaxvarma
dabrmaveba airCia, magram bolo momentSi is gagzavnil iqna iranSi,
miiRo islami da kvlav dainiSna iranuli armiis meTaurad.
Sepirebisamebr, 1744 wels nadir Sahma Teimurazi qarTlis da misi
vaJi erekle kaxeTis qristian mefeebad daniSna, ramac SesaZlebeli
gaxada momavalSi es ori qarTuli samefo gaerTianebuliyo. nadir
Sahma mis diswuls, romelic Semdeg misi memkvidre gaxda rogorc
adel Sahi, SerTo Teimurazis qaliSvili. 1745 wels qristiani mefe
Teimuraz II (17441762 ww.), saukunenaxevris Semdeg, iraneli oficrebis
TandaswrebiT, pirvelad ekurTxa sveticxovelSi mefed. mxolod Zveli
wignebi aZlevda kaTalikos antons SesaZleblobas ganeaxlebina mefed
kurTxevis tradicia. mefe Teimurazma da ereklem mogvianebiT aCvenes
TavianTi udidesi patriotizmi.
1747 wels qarTveli mefeebi Teimuraz II da erekle II ajanydnen
iranis winaaRmdeg. erTxel, rodesac mefe Teimurazis ojaxi alyaSi
hyavdaT moqceuli yizilbaSebs olTisSi, adgilobrivma ebraelebma
aiRes iaraRi da dadgnen qarTvelebis gverdiT, raTa daecvaT mefis
ojaxi. nadir Sahma kvlav daniSna amilaxvari (romelmac daamarcxa
nadir Sahi TiTqmis 10 brZolaSi) 30 000 kaciani iranis armiis saTaveSi
qarTvelebis winaaRmdeg. magram 1747 wels Sahis mkvlelobam da
momdevno areulobam iranSi, qarTlkaxeTSi laSqroba CaSala. mTelma
iranulma garnizonma datova qarTlkaxeTi (aRmosavleT saqarTvelo).
1749 wels amilaxvarma Sekriba gadarCenili qarTvelebi iranSi da ukan
saqarTvelosken gamoiWra brZoliT. igi eaxla Teimurazs da erekles da
kvlav qristianoba miiRo. Teimurazma igi daniSna Tbilisis mouravad,
1748 wels 207 wlis okupaciis Semdeg. amilaxvarma aago TbilisSi taZari
qaSveTi, sadac aris dakrZaluli.
Dostları ilə paylaş: |