75
TurqeTSi. kaxeTidan `gurjis~ saxeliT cnobili cxenebi (gurji aris
saqarTvelos saxeli Turqulad da sparsulad) eqsportze gahqondaT
iranSi. farTo moxmarebis sagnebi Semodioda iranidan saqarTveloSi,
ZiriTadad tansacmeli. es paradoqsi iyo, sanam qarTuli politika
ibrZoda iranisa da sxva muslimi saxelmwifoebis winaaRmdeg, poezia
da xelovneba sulierad aerTianebda qarTvelebsa da sparselebs, rac
siyvaruls Tesavda siZulvilis nacvlad. rostomi dakrZales yumSi,
Tavisi siuzereni abas Iis gverdiT.
momavali mefe vaxtang V Svilad hyavda ayvanili uSvilo rostom
xans da memkvidreobiT gadaeca qarTlis gvirgvini (165875 ww.), radgan
muxranis Stom islamze moaqcia bagrationebi. axali Sahi suleiman I
(166694 ww.) dadebiTad iyo ganwyobili qarTvelebis mimarT, colad
SeirTo vaxtang Vis qaliSvili da misi vaJi gaxda ispahanis taruRa
daruga 1667 wels. Cardini werda, rom Sah suleimani qarTvelebs maRal
Tanamdebobeze niSnavda. fraeri amtkicebda, rom 1677 wels saqarTvelo
40 000 jariskaciT daexmara sparseTis armias.
giorgi XI an gurgin xani, iyo gamahmadianebuli qarTveli mefe
(16761709 ww.), romelic 1699 wels gaxda qermanis mmarTveli, im mizezis
gamo, rom SeeCerebina baluCi avRanis Tavdasxmebi avRaneTidan. mxolod
qarTvelebs SeeZloT avRaneli tomebis damarcxeba. 4 wlis Semdeg Sahma
igi kandaharis beglerbegad beglerbeg da valad wal daniSna. misi Zma,
levani daniSnuli iyo ispahanis mdivanbegad dvanbeg 1700 wels qermanSi
baluCize gamarjvebis Semdgom. is dainiSna kandaharis provinciis
mefisnacvlad da 1704 wels sparseTis armiis mmarTvelad. levanis
vaJi, qaixosro xanic mdivanbegad msaxurobda 1709 wels da dajildovda
ispahanSi taruRas poziciiT, da amave wels sefaslarad da agreTve
saqarTvelos valad. igi moklul iqna avRaneTSi eqspediciis dros
guilz avRanis (Pashtuns) winaaRmdeg.
ruseTi poloneTis, SvedeTis da TurqeTis winaaRmdeg
germaneli raindi popeli Popel 1486 wels Tavis imperators atyo
binebda, rom moskovis axlos tyeSi iyo, ris Semdegac man aRmoaCina
ruseTi. ase rom, ruseTic da amerikac evropelebma erTad aRmoaCines.
male, 1486 wels tveri da 1478 wels novgorodi, hanzis Hanseatic (ger
mania, holSteini Holstein) savaWri partniori, daipyro arsaidan uecrad
gamoCenilma moskovis princma ivane IIIm da Sesabamisad, igi pirvelad
iqca evropis interesebis sagnad.
rusebi 1480 wels gamoCndnen, oqros urdos TviTganadgurebis
Semdgom, da daiwyes garSemo yvela mezobelTan brZola – SvedebTan,
76
polonelebTan (litvelebTan) da yirimelebTan (TurqebTan). is kvlav
velur qveynad rCeboda, romelsac sazRvrebi ar hqonda dadgenili.
damoukideblobis dRe 4 noemberi aris garkveuli aRiareba, rom
manamde ruseTi iyo polonelebis mmarTvelobis qveS da mxolod
maTi gaZevebis Semdeg, 1612 wels ruseTma moipova damoukidebloba.
romanovebis dinastia gamefda 1613 wels. politikuri interesebis
peri feriaSi yofna, yvela maTi damarcxebis Semdgom, ruseTs yovelTvis
aZlevda saSualebas hqonoda 1620 weli, raTa gamoezarda axali
Taobis jariskaci. ruseTis jaris piradi Semadgenlobis SeuzRudavi
Sevseba gamoricxavda nebismieri dampyroblis (monRolebi, frangebi,
germanelebi da sxv.) maTze gamarjvebas.
mTeli me17 saukune gavida poloneTTan brZolaSi slavTa So
ris pirvelobisTvis ukrainasa da belorusiaSi. moskovis Zalebi
damarcxebul iqna ramdenjerme ukraineli kazakebis, polonelebis,
TaTrebis an maTi koaliciis mier (maT Soris konotopaSi). TiTqmis
SeuZlebeli iyo anTropologiurad poloneli, moskoveli an sxva slavis
gansxvaveba, magram mas Semdeg, rac polonelebi kaTolikur eklesiasTan
gaerTiandnen 1595 wels iezuitebis SuamavlobiT, slavebi gaiyvnen.
ukraineli kazakebi, romelTac xmelnicki xelmZRvanelobda, aseve gaiyo
prorusul da proTurqul nawilebad. rusi istorikosis mixedviT,
bogdan xmelnickis Bohdan Khmelnitsky mama iyo sasmeli saxlis mflobeli
(`xmel~ rusulad `smas~ niSnavs), romelic ebraelebis saqmianobis sfero
iyo, magram es Teoria uaryves ukrainelma istorikosebma.
1654 wels ruseTma gadawyvita viazmaSi brZola gaemarTa
poloneTTan. ruseTis armias win uZRvoda qarTuli `Georgian, Грузинской~
RvTismSoblis xati aTonis mTidan (rogorc amas werda Zveli rusi
avtori k. valiSevski Tavis wignSi `pirveli romanovebi~ 1911 wels. is
verc warmoidgenda, rom am xats iveriis `Iberian, Иверской~ uwodebdnen
mogvianebiT, Tanamedrove politikuri realobis gamo). ramdenime
damarcxebis Semdeg ukve poloneTma Sewyvita arseboba, rogorc
damoukidebelma saxelmwifom. mamaci sobieski, romelic cnobili iyo
venaSi Turqebze gamarjvebiT, 1683 wels iZulebuli iyo xeli moewera
SeTanxmebaze ruseTTan oficialurad Seewyvita kievze gavlena da
slavTa Soris pirvelobisTvis brZola. vinaidan ukrainaSi ZmaTa Soris
oms gaukacrieleba mohyva da vinaidan ruseTma SesZlo da CaaxSo stenka
razinis ajanyeba, igi (ruseTi) gaxda slavuri samyaros hegemoni. pe
tre pirvelis droidan arsebobda kidev ori problema – SvedeTi da
TurqeTi.
es iyo pirveli SemTxveva, rodesac rusi elCebi gaemgzavrnen
evropis dedaqalaqebSi, radgan izolirebulad am or problemas ver
77
moereodnen. evropuli wyaroebi aRniSnaven maT mier gamowveul saSinel
SiSs da suns, radgan rusebs tradiciulad sCveodaT abanoSi yofna da
tansacmlis gamocvla weliwadSi mxolod orjer. maTi qcevebi imdenad
veluri iyo, rom xalxi malavda TavianT bavSvebs, gogoebs da aseve
biWebsac. pirveli diplomatiuri kavSiri aRmosavleTTan iyo miamituri
werili sparseli Sah abasis mimarT, romelsac iwvevdnen gadasuliyo is
da misi ojaxi marTlmadidebel qristianobaze. 164850 wlebSi cimbirSi
laSqrobdnen rusi banditebi, kazakebi, sanam ar Sexvdnen Cinel mesaz
Rvreebs.
es is dro iyo, rodesac evropeli jariskacebi pirvelad iyvnen
miwveulni moskovSi, rom ruseTis jarSi emsaxuraT. 30wliani omi ev
ropaSi dasrulda (16181648 ww.) da evropeli jariskacebis umetesoba
moskovSi gadmovida. daqiravebuli iyo 5 000 germaneli da Sotlandieli
meomari. cnobilma Sotlandielma oficerma gordonma, romelmac
datova Tavisi Tavgadasavlis detaluri aRwera, didi daxmareba
gauwia Seqmniliyo `axali~ rusuli armia, `strelcebis~ magivrad. igi
piradad xelmZRvanelobda ajanyebul strelcebze ieriSs 1698 wels,
rodesac aTasobiT iyo daxocili da sikvdiliT dasjili, romelsac
Tavad eswreboda petre didi. cnobili rusi poeti lermontovi
iyo learmontis Learmonth STamomavali, Sotlandieli daqiravebuli
oficrisa, romelic msaxurobda poloneTis mefesTan da Semdeg car
Tan. inglisis gavlena ruseTze Zalzed Zlieri iyo, radgan 1588 wels
inglisma uZleveli armada daamarcxa da protestantuli inglisi
da holandia gabatonebulni iyvnen sazRvao xazze. magram oliver
kromvelis revoluciis da mefe karl Iis 1648 wels sikvdiliT dasjas
didi reaqcia mohyva moskovSi da maT Sewyvites savaWro kavSiri
inglisTan. amave dros, holandia (gansakuTrebiT petre didis dros),
protestanti, magram inglisTan saomar mdgomareobaSi myofi, iqca rusi
mogzaurebis upirates adgilad.
aseve damyarda romanovebis kavSirebi holSteinebis dinastiebTan.
pir
veli romanovi, mefe mixeili, sasowarkveTilad eZebda SesaZ
leblobas, ganemtkicebina romanovebis dinastiis legitimacia nebi
s
mieri iseTi evropeli monarqiis warmomadgenelze qorwinebiT, ro
mel Tanac ar hqonda ruseTs sazRvrebi
1
. ivane mrisxanem elCebi gaug
zavna dasaqorwineblad elizabetsac ki inglisSi. 1641 wels daniis
prin
ci ewvia moskovs, raTa eSuamavla holSteinebisaTvis Holstein
1
Tumca ivane mrisxane sakuTar Tavs germanuli warmoSobis (riurikebis
dinastiis) mefed Tvlida, magram ara marto mas, aramed TviT romanovebTanac
arc erTi mmarTveli evropuli dinastia ar danaTesavebula.
Dostları ilə paylaş: |