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saqarTvelos gmirulma brZolam Turqebis winaaRmdeg ganapiroba
iranSi gamahmadinebuli qarTvelebis aRmavloba. isini TandaTan
konsolidirebas ukeTebdnen poziciebs da sefevidebis samefoSi
TandaTanobiT didi gavlena moipoves. bevr kandidatsa Tu Sahs hyavda
qarTveli deda da coli (ixileT aseve Tavi mamluqebze).
1587 wels iranis samefo gvirgvini gadaeca 16 wlis Sah abas Is,
romelic iyo oTar SalikaSvilis qaliSvilis SviliSvili. qarTul
wyaroebze dayrnobiT, igi taxtze aiyvana manve da qarTuli ena misTvis
mSobliuri iyo. meherafroze mirza habibis (qarTuli saga: kavkasiidan
indoeTamde, oqsfordi, 2005 weli) mixedviT, `araoficialuri ena,
romeliTac sparseTis samefo karze saubrobdnen, qarTuli iyo~. mas
4 qarTveli coli hyavda, elenes CaTvliT, romelic kaxeTis mefis,
Teimuraz Iis da iyo. miuxedavad imisa, rom igi dasmuli iyo yizilbaSebis
mxardaWeriT, abasi marioneti ar iyo. man Seamcira yizilbaSTurqmenebis
gavlena da momavalSi gazarda qarTvelebis ricxvi sparseTSi da
Camoayaliba qarTulkavkasiuri `axali aristokratia~. mis Setakebebs
uzbekebis winaaRmdeg, xorasanSi, xelmZRvanelobda manuCari, samcxis
aTabagi, qarTlis mefis, simon Iis siZe.
qarTvelTa gavlenis periodi daiwyo samefo haramxanaSi, sadac
kavkasieli qalebi, umetesad qarTuli warmoSobis, Zalzed cnobilebi
gaxdnen. jon fraieris mixedviT, iraneli deda dedofali me17
saukuneSi yovelTvis qarTveli iyo. qarTvel qals mniSvnelovani roli
ekava samefos qorwinebebis politikaSi. didi ingliseli mecnieri Carlz
darvini werda, rom ar aris arc erTi aristokrati ojaxi sparseTSi,
romelsac ar hqondes qarTuli an Cerqezuli warmoSoba.
qarTvelebma miaRwies garkveul poziciebs sparseTis samefo
karze, gansakuTrebiT samxedro saqmeSi. mefe simon I 15871600 ww. dros
qarTvelebi pirvelad Sevidnen iranelTa jarSi, xolo Semdeg undilaZis
qarTulfeodalur saxls gansakuTrebuli adgili eWira sefevidTa
iranis politikasa da samxedro arenaze.
alaverd xan undilaZe iranis armiis meTauri iyo 15 welze meti (1595
1613 ww.) da es pozicia qarTvelebs ekavaT mTeli saukunis ganmavlobaSi.
Sah abas Iis mefobis dros, cecxlsasroli iaraRiT aRWurvili
jariskacebis umetesoba iyvnen qarTvelebi (dela vale, 1663 w. I, gv.
760; kaemferi. gv. 273). 30 000 qarTveli msaxurobda Sah abasis armiaSi
(dela vale, 1663, gv. 8). man 1590 w. Seqmna gulami, monebis korporacia,
romelic Sedgeboda Cerqezebis, qarTvelebisa da somxebisagan. Sah
abas Iis dacva, romelTac erqvaT `quli jari~ (Quli troops), ZiriTadad
qarTvelebiT iyo dakompleqtebuli.
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qarTvelebis Zalis gamoyenebiT Sahis brZola qarTvelebis
winaaRmdeg damangreveli iyo. 161325 ww., man ayara mosaxleoba da
daasaxla isini iranis Sida regionebSi im mizniT, rom `aemaRlebina
iranelebis mosaxleobis done~, amgvarad Seiqmna `fereidanis~ dasaxleba.
dRemde maT axsovT mSobliuri ena, simRerebi da cdiloben, aRadginon
istoriuli urTierToba TavianT Zvel samSoblosTan.
1603 wels iranma gamoacxada Turqebis winaaRmdeg brZola da miiwvia
qarTveli mefeebi, raTa monawileoba mieRoT erevanze laSqrobaSi.
qarTlis da kaxeTis mefeebma iTaves Seteva da Sevidnen kidec qalaqSi.
orive mefem jildo miiRo. magram samSvidobo SeTanxmeba TurqebTan
ver dades, radgan TurqeTis delegaciis xelmZRvaneli iyo cnobili
qarTveli qali diplomati, qarTveli mefis qaliSvili. is daJinebiT
iTxovda, rom saqarTveloze mmarTveloba hqonoda Turqebs, ambobda,
rom am SemTxvevaSi `TurqqarTvelebi~ ufro ukeT daicavdnen
saqarTvelos mosaxleobas. aravis undoda strategiulad mniSvnelovani
saqarTvelos dakargva.
moulodnelad, 1609 wels 60 000 yirimel TaTarTa armia, romel
mac gadawva moskovi 1571 wels, saqarTveloSi CrdiloeTidan SemoiWra.
1609 wels taSiskaris brZolaSi giorgi saakaZem, Tbilisis 40 wlis
mouravma, yirimeli TaTrebisa da Turqebis koalicia daamarcxa. mad
lierebis niSnad, iranelma Sahma gaiyvana Tavisi garnizoni Tbilisidan
da daubruna qalaqi qarTvel mefes Teimuraz Is (15891663 w.), bagra
tionTa dinastiidan. magram 1612 wels iransa da TurqeTis Soris
xelSekrulebaze xeli iqna mowerili da saqarTvelo kidev erTxel gaiyo
dasavleT da aRmosavleT nawilebad iranelebis da Turqebis meSveobiT.
moulodnelad qarTvelebma ajanyeba daiwyes da Sahi gausworda maT.
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16141617 wwSi kaxeTis mefis Teimuraz Iis ajanyebis sapasuxod,
Sah abasma, yizilbaSTurqmenebTan erTad, Seteva ganaxorciela kaxeTze
4jer, aaoxra is im ganzraxviT, rom daemTavrebina `gurjistanis
problema~ (sparsulad qarTvels gurjs eZaxian). Sahma moiTxova me
fis deda da Svilebi da mZevlebad aiyvana isini. mefem uari Tqva pira
dad gamoCeniliyo da dasavleT saqarTveloSi gaiqca, sadac Turqebis
kontroli iyo. Sahma gaanadgura kaxeTi, 80 000 kvlav gadaasaxla da 500
000 ki daxoca. rodesac ruseTis mefem mixeil fiodoroviCma gagzavna
despani kaxeTis mefesTan, man igi tyeSi miiRo.
1612 wels qarTvel mefe TeimurazTan davis Semdgom giorgi saakaZe
iranSi gaemgzavra TavSesafaris saTxovnelad da islami miiRo. man
iranSic gaiTqva saxeli rogorc saukeTeso sardalma. misi meTaurobiT
iranelTa jarma warmatebiT daipyro erayi (man aiRo baRdadi), avRaneTi
(qarTvel mxedrebTan erTad, romlebic pirvelebi Sevidnen qandaRarSi
1623 wels) da indoeTic ki. misi avtoritetiT, alaverd xan undilaZis
SviliSvili, xosromirza (rostom xani), daniSnuli iyo ispahanis
(iranis dedaqalaqi) mmarTvelad 1618 wels. 1625 wels saakaZe gagzavnil
iqna aejanyebuli qarTvelebis winaaRmdeg 30 000 iranis sadamsjelo
eqspediciasTan erTad. misi vaJi paata Sah abasma mZevlad daitova. ma
gram man daamyara saidumlo kavSiri saqarTvelos mefe Teimuraz ITan,
mis `mterTan~, yizilbaS iranelebis winaaRmdeg. 1625 wlis 25 marts
qarTvelTa patara razmma Seutia iranelebs da am dros giorgi saakaZem,
Tavis 4 TanamebrZolTan erTad daiwyo iranis mTavar banakSi meTaurebis
daxocva. araorganizebuli iranuli armia damarcxda. 30 000 armiidan,
27 000 mokluli iyo. am gamarjvebisTvis giorgi saakaZem Tavisi vaJi paata
msxevrplad Seswira. man srulad gaanadgura Casaxlebuli momTabare
Turqmenebi da kvlav qarTvelebi Caasaxla.
ramdenime TveSi, 40 000-iani iraneli jari iqna gagzavnili aRmo
savleT saqarTvelos (qarTli da kaxeTi) dasasjelad. dasavleT saqar
Tvelo Turqebis mmarTvelobis qveS iyo. armias xelmZRvanelobda
saqarTvelos gandgomili xosromirza (rostom xani), saakaZis forma
luri proteJe da qarTveli poetis sulxan saba orbelianis didi babua.
mefe Teimuraz bagrationi, giorgi saakaZe, cnobili didgvarovnebi: eri
sTavi, baraTaSvili, bagrationmuxranbatoni, ciciSvili, ColoyaSvili,
jandieri, xerxeuliZe, maCabeli da jayeli gaerTiandnen saqarTvelos
armiaSi. marTlmadidebeli eklesiis episkoposebic moxaliseebad
Caewernen, raTa ebrZolaT am mniSvnelovan momentSi. iranelebs 12 000
muSketi da artileria hqondaT da Zalian cxeli amindebic maTTvis
xelsayreli iyo.
1625 wlis 1 ivliss brZola daiwyo marabdaSi. mefe Teimuraz I, saa
kaZe, aristokratebi da episkoposebi, yvela xanjlebiTa da isrebiT
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