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damarcxda da Temur lengma daipyro dedaqalaqi sarai berqe. magram
Temur lengma ar aiRo moskovi da dabrunda monRoleTSi, erT-erTi
monRoleli yaenis gardacvalebis gamo. miuxedavad amisa, mas arasdros
daviwyebia daemTavrebina Tavisi SurisZieba. mogvianebiT damarcxebuli
ToxTamiSi moklul iqna tiumenSi 1406 wels Temur lengis msaxurTa
mier. Sesabamisad, daiwyo oqros urdos daSla da moskovis saxanos
gaZliereba. 1427 wels `oqros urdos~ yirimis saxano gamoiyo, xolo
1432 wels Seiqmna damoukidebeli yazanis saxano.
mefe demetre II Demetre bagrationma (12701289 ww.) samefo gvirgvini
memkvidreobiT miiRo 1270 wels, rodesac 11 wlis iyo. 12771281 wwSi man
monawileoba miiRo, monRol hulagusTan erTad, egvipteli mamluqebis
winaaRmdeg brZolaSi da Zalzed gamoiCina Tavi meore brZolaSi, homsSi
Homs 1281 wels, sadac TiTqmis 3 000 qarTveli cxenosanTa jari daixoca.
mefe demetres pirovnebaze bevrs kamaToben. radgan is qristiani
iyo, Zalzed akritikeben monRolebis msgavsad mravalcolianobis gamo.
erTi SexedviT, mas sami coli hyavda: trapizonis mefis qaliSvili,
monRoleTis ministris buRas Bugha qaliSvili da qarTveli coli.
1288 wels monRolTa yaenma gamoaaSkarava Zlevamosili monRoli buRas
SeTqmuleba, romelic demetres simamri iyo. buRa da misi ojaxi amo
Jlites da qarTveli mefe eWvitanilad iTvleboda, radgan CarTuli
iyo am SeTqmulebaSi da monRoleTis dedaqalaqSi Casvla ubrZanes, wi
naaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi mas saqarTvelos aoxrebiT emuqrebodnen. deme
trem Tavidan rom aecilebina sadamsjelo eqspedicia Tavis qveyanaSi,
amjobina Tavad wasuliyo, raTa moeklaT da Tavi mohkveTes kidec.
igi saqarTveloSi, mcxeTaSi dakrZales. igi saqarTvelos marTl
madideblurma eklesiam wmindanad Seracxa da istoriaSi cnobilia
rogorc demetre Tavdadebuli.
giorgi V brwyinvale George the Brilliant (13131346 ww.), demetres
vaJi, brZeni, moqnili politikiT, miznad isaxavda monRolebis batono
bis srul gadagdebas, raTa aRedgina saqarTvelos gaerTianeba omis
gareSe, magram elodeboda Sesaferis moments, rodesac ilxanati da
oqros urdo, erTmaneTis mosisxle mtrebi, TviT ganadgurdebodnen.
am dros ki saqarTvelom 1335 wels Sewyvita xarkis gadaxda. 1328 wels
mefe giorgim Sekriba amboxebuli didgvarovnebi samefo sabWoSi da
sastikad gaanadgura. 1329 wels mefem SemoierTa dasavleT saqarTvelo
(afxazeTiimereTi, quTaisi) da 1334 wels – samcxis samTavro. mTelma
saqarTvelom monRolTa batonobisagan Tavi gainTavisufla, mTeli
momdevno 30 weli. man centralizeba gaukeTa samefo xelisuflebas,
aRadgina ekonomika da daamyara axlo, saerTaSoriso komerciuli ka
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vSirebi, ufro metad bizantiasTan, magram, amave dros, veneciasa
da genuasTan. man moWra qarTuli fuli `TeTri~. qarTuli dinastia
aRdgenil iqna trapizonSi. TiTqmis mTeli CrdiloeT kavkasiis tomebi
iyvnen qarTvelTa batonobis qveS. paradoqsulia, mas didi brZolebi
ar hqonia, magram iseTi avtoriteti hqonda, rom istoriaSi Sevida,
rogorc im drois hegemoni (Turqebisa da monRolebis Semosevebis
Sua periodi). SeiZleba iTqvas, rom es iyo `saqarTvelos renesansis~
meore periodi. 1329 wels papi ioane XXII Tavis giorgi Vsadmi miweril
werilSi, Tbiliss axasiaTebs, rogorc `Zalian mniSvnelovan, mWidrod
dasaxlebul da mdidar qalaqs~. TbilisSi gaZlierda kaTolikuri
misia, franciskaneli an domenikeli episkoposebis TavmjdomareobiT
ramdenime saukunis manZilze.
giorgi Vm aseve gaafarTova diplomatiuri urTierTobebi
egvipteli mamluqebis bahris Bahri dinastiasTan. egvipteli sulTani
beibari Beibar gansakuTrebuli simpaTiiT iyo ganwyobili qarTveli
mefeebis mimarT, romelmac solidarobis gamosaxatavad, ganaaxla da
daubruna qristianuli saxe ierusalimis jvris monasters Monastery of the
Cross, romelic meCeTad iyo gadaqceuli. aseve daabruna wminda saflavi
Church of the Holy Sepulcher da sxva adgilebi. qarTvel piligrimebs ufleba
hqondaT Sesuliyvnen ierusalimSi, romlebsac arabi elCebi eskortiT
acilebdnen qalaq alepodan. qarTvelebi iyvnen patronebi ierusalimSi
qristianuli adgilebisa. giorgi Vm egviptis sulTanTan gagzavna
despani da samxedro daxmareba SesTavaza. amis sanacvlod giorgis
gadasces qristes saflavis gasaRebi, daibrunes namdvili jvris nawili
da neba darTes ierusalimSi Tavisuflad Sesvlisa mfrinavi banerebiT
da iZulebulni aRar iyvnen evloT unagiriT. im xanad saqarTvelos
cxenosanTa jari udavod iTvleboda msoflioSi yvelaze Zlierad.
qarTveli mecnieris, giorgi gabiskirias mixedviT, xuTjvriani qarTuli
droSa giorgis mefobis dros Seiqmna, romelic axlandeli erovnuli
droSaa. giorgi brwyinvale 1346 wels gardaicvala da quTaisTan axlos,
gelaTis monasterSi dakrZales.
Turq-monRolebi OSMan (Or OTTOMan) TurKS saqarTveloSi
TurqmonRolebis imperiis ganadgurebis Semdeg maTma mmarTvelma
klanma – Turqebma daiwyes Setakebebi da Temur lengis pirveli, 8
Semosevidan, saqarTveloSi moxda 1386 wels, romelic mohyva saSinel
Sav Wirs (saqarTvelosa da evropaSi 1366 wels), daamsxvria imis imedebi,
rom kidev gagrZeldeboda saqarTveloSi oqros xana, rac giorgi Vm
daisaxa miznad. 2000 welze metxans saqarTvelo iZulebuli iyo, ebrZola
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aleqsandre didTan, parTelebTan, romaelebTan, hunebTan, sasanianTa
iranTan, bizantiasTan, skviTebTan, CrdiloeT kavkasielebTan,
arabebTan, TurqselCukebTan da TurqosmalebTan, xvarazmelebTan,
monRolebTan, yizilbaSebTan, yirimel TurqebTan, TurqmenebTan da
rusebTan. Tumca yvelaze gamanadgurebeli Temur lengis Semosevebi
iyo.
Temur lengi Tamerlane (Timurleng or Timur) (1336-1405 ww.), iyo Turq-
monRoli dampyrobeli. misi saxeli Temur lengi, niSnavs `rkinas~
CaRatais Chagatai mSobliur enaze, magram mis imperiaSi sparul enas iye-
nebdnen. is ar iyo Cingizidebis samefo gvaris da Tavis Tavs yaens ar
uwodebda, mxolod amirs, anu sardals. igi musulmani iyo, rac mas ar
aCerebda, moekla milionobiT muslimani. Temur lengi samxedro geniosi
iyo da arc erTi brZola ar waugia. is erTdroulad ebrZoda Siitebs,
sunitebs, marTlmadideblebs, monofizitebs, monRolebs, kavkasielebs,
indoelebs, Turqebs, iranelebs da bolos, ver miaRwia CineTamde. is
arasdros cdilobda raime aeSenebina okupirebul teritoriaze, mxo-
lod aoxrebda adgilebs da xocavda xalxs. is iyenebda propagandas,
mis kampanias win uswrebda jaSuSebis Seyvana, romelTac evalebo-
daT informaciebis mopoveba da avrcelebdnen panikur xmebs Temur
lengis armiaze, rom Zalian sastikni da mravalricxovanni iyvnen. aseTi
dezinformaciebi mosaxleobas moralurad anadgurebda da panikaSi
agdebda. miuxedavad aseTi erTgulebisa Temur lengis mimarT, raoden
gasakviric unda iyos, igi Tavis armias ar aZlevda anazRaurebas. maTi
waxaliseba mxolod dakavebuli adgilebis ZarcviT Semoifargleboda.
igi Tavis laSqrobebs wlebiT adre gegmavda, aseve cxenebis saWmel
qeris daTesvasac 2 wliT adre adgenda.
1370-1380 ww-Si, Temur lengi daexmara ToxTamiSs Tokhtamysh oqros
urdoze pasuxismgebloba Tavis Tavze aeRo da daerbia moskovi,
magram ToxTamiSs teritoriuli ambiciebi hqonda aseve sparseTsa da
centralur aziaze. mas Semdeg, rac 1383 wels Temur lengi Semovida
Sua aziidan da daipyro sparseTi, ToxTamiSma misi mokavSiris wi-
naaRmdeg antiTemur lengis aliansi Sekra saqarTvelos mefis bagrat
V-is monawileobiT da 1385 wels maT erTad aiRes sparseTis qalaqi
Tavrizi. aman safrTxeSi Caagdo Temur lengi da momdevno wels man
kavkasiaSi gadainacvla. im dros zamTari iyo da oqros urdos ar
SeeZlo daxmareboda kavkasiel mokavSireebs. 1386 wels saqarTvelos
armia ganadgurebuli iyo, Tbilisi dangreuli, bagrati tyved Cavarda,
yivCayebi mTlianad amoixoca. Temur lengi iyenebda artilerias,
jariskacebi liTonis furclebiT iyvnen dafaruli da abjari mTlianad