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daniis, SvedeTis, Sotlandiis, xorvatiis, serbeTis, bulgareTis da un-
greTis.
me7 saukuneSi bizantiuriranuli metoqeoba iberiaSi
1
dasrulda
arabebis mier regionis dapyrobis dawyebis gamo. winaswarmetyvelis
sikvdilis Semdeg mxolod erTi Taobis manZilze arabebis mier
dapyrobebis siswrafem ganacvifra sparselebi da bizantielebi.
iberiaqarTlisa da lazikis mmarTvelebi mixvdnen, rom
arabebi morCil saxelmwifoebs kargad epyrobodnen, xolo vinc
winaaRmdegobas uwevda, Zalzed sastikad: habib ibn maslamasTan Habib
ibn Maslama gagzavnili despanebi danebebas sTavazobdnen da iTxovda
vasalis statuss. habibi ewvia Tbiliss da daawesa jizia, gadasaxadi
qristianebisTvis. arabebi Semwynareblebi aRmoCndnen qristiano
bis mimarT: islamis miReba gaxda nebayoflobiTi, Tumca xalifati
daJinebiT moiTxovda, rom misi administraciuli moxeleebi yofiliyvnen
muslimebi da moemaragebinaT jariskacebi arabebis omebSi. ra Tqma
unda, arabebis gavlena kavkasiaSi Zalauflebaze arc Tu ise Zlieri iyo
da mTeli me7 saukunis ganmavlobaSi transkavkasia gaxldaT brZolis
veli, sadac arabebi ebrZodnen bizantielebis mier mowveul xazarebs
da adgilobriv amboxebulebs.
735 wels arabma xalifam baRdadidan gagzavna 120 000 kaciani
sadamsjelo armia marvan ibnmohamedis Marwan IbnMohamed meTaurobiT
1
570600 wwSi bizantielma imperatorma heraklem ruseTis stepis xazarebis
laSqris daxmarebiT garkveulwilad gaaerTiana kolxeTlazikaegrisi,
rogorc vasaluri saxelmwifo, afxazeTis patrikiosiT saTaveSi patrikioi of
Abkhazia (afxazuri anCbas
Anchba
ojaxi).
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(cnobili iyo rogorc murvan yru), romelsac nabrZanebi hqonda
daepyro kavkasia da Tbilisi, sadac arabuli saamiro daaarsa. murvanma
eTnikuri wmenda Caatara qarTlkaxeTSi, sadac islamze moqceuli
xazarebi daasaxla. 850 wels baRdadis xalifas armiam, buRa Turqis
Bugha Turk meTaurobiT mxolod TbilisSi 50 aTasi adamiani mokla.
arabebmes ieriSi miitana da miwasTan gaaswores lazika da afxazeTi.
aqtiurobdnen aseve sxva mtrebic. 760 wels ulamazesma princesa
SuSanma uari Tqva colad gahyoloda xazarebis hakans Khazar Khagan
da saqarTveloSi xazarebis armia SeiWra. SuSani Seipyres da hakanTan
gagzavnes, Tumca man Tavi moikla. xazarTa armiis winamZRoli hakanma
sikvdiliT dasaja.
miuxedavad amisa, evropis (espaneTi), CrdiloeT afrikis da aziis
yvela qveyanaSi, sadac Sevida arabTa jari, muslimuri religia daaweses,
garda saqarTvelosi. me9 saukuneSi qveyana aRdga murvanis damangreveli
laSqrobebi Semdgom, gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac baRdadi gaanadgura
Sidaareulobam 813 wels. arabebma moaxerxes qristianoba aekrZalaT
qarTlSi, afxazeTegrisSi, somxeTsa da albaneTSi (axla mas arans
uwodeben). arabebi ar Sesulan saqarTvelos maRalmTian soflebSi.
adgilobrivi didebulebi Tbilisis saemiroSi Tanaarsebobdnen. Tbilisi
gaxda is saerTaSoriso gzajvaredini, romelzec bevri mniSvnelovani
savaWro gza gadioda.
1
me9 saukuneSi bagrationebis axalma dinastiam isargebla arabebis
SesustebiT da warmoadgines Tavi taoklarjeTis mTavrebad. axla
samxreTdasavleTis istoriuli nawili TurqeTis teritoriazea. 813
wels mefe (erismTavari) aSot I, bagrationebis ojaxidan, taoklarje
Tis mmarTveli, saTaveSi Caudga arabebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi. aRiara
bizantiis proteqtorati da daaarsa qarTvelebis samTavro bizantiis
teritoriaze, rogorc iberiis kurapaltma Kuropalate of Iberia. amave dros,
dasavleT saqarTveloSi, mravalsaukuniani gamanadgurebeli omebis
Semdgom, egrislazikis politikurma centrma gadainacvla afxazeTSi,
sadac aCbas Achba afxazuri sagvareulo (leo I (73677 ww.), leon II (766
811 ww.) bizantielebis mxardaWeriT samefo dinastiad Camoyalibda
(qarTvelebi maT anCabaZeebs Anchabad uwodebdnen – anCabaZe/anCafaZe/
amCabaZe. afxazma mefeebma teritoria gawmindes arabebisgan, xazarebis
gan, bizantielebisgan da dedaqalaqi daaarses quTaisSi. me13 saukuneSi
1
Tbilisis SedarebiT ayvaveba, rogorc muslimebis savaWro centrisa,
meore iyo derbentis Semdgom kavkasiaSi, sadac amirebi xarjavdnen fuls
fufunebaSi da ukve aRar gadascemdnen baRdads, rac Zalzed izidavda zog
dampyrobels, rogorc buRa Turqs, romelic Semovida TbilisSi 50 aTas
kaciani armiiT. isini Tavs daesxnen da mokles muslimi amira.
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qarTlSi damkvidrebul maT STamomavlebs daerqvaT maCabeli, kaxeTSi
– afxazi.
magram, miuxedavad imisa, rom qarTuli iyo saxelmwifo ena,
saeklesio enad berZnuli rCeboda. male, me10 saukunis dasawyisSi,
eklesiac mihyva am mdgomareobas da mimarTuli gaxda aRmosavleTisken:
lazikis moZRvrebma, afxazeTma da jiqeTma Seicvales es damokidebuleba
konstantinopolTan da daiwyes berZnulis nacvlad, qarTuli enis
xmareba liturgiebSi.
saqarTvelos myari definicia warmoadgina mweralma giorgi
merCulem Giorgi Merchule me9 saukuneSi Semdegnairad: `Cven SegviZlia
miviCnioT es qveyana rogorc didi saqarTvelo, sadac masa da
mlocvelebi saubroben qarTulad~.
daviT III bagration kurapalatma (9611001 ww.) Kuropalate David III
Bagrationi gaZlierebuli jari gagzavna bizantiis imperator basil II
Tan Basil makedonielebis dinastiidan, mas aseve icnobdnen rogorc
bulgareT mmusvrels BulgarSlayer (9581025 ww.). jaris saTaveSi dainiSna
ioaneTornike erisTavi, romelic gadadga saqarTveloSi generlis
Tanamdebobidan da cxovrobda bermonazvnuli wesiT aTonis mTaze.
am jariT saqarTvelo exmareboda keisris sardals barda fokas
Bardas Phocas
1
, raTa daemarcxebina meamboxe bizantieli sardali barda
skliarosi (9789 ww.). 1200ma qarTvelma mxedarma mniSvnelovani roli
iTamaSi 979 wlis brZolaSi.
mxardaWerisaTvis gamarjvebulma bermonazonma sardalma
saCuqrad miiRo 1200 funti oqro, ramac saSualeba misca qarTvelebs
aegoT sakuTari taZari Iveron Monastery aTonis mTaze, kunZulze egeosis
zRvaSi. Tumca axla igi berZnebiTaa dasaxlebuli da dRemde cnobilia
iveronis`iberielebis~ saxeliT. aseve, qarTveli mefe dajildovda
1
bizantiaSi garkveuli raodenobis warmoSobiT qarTvelsomexTa ojaxi
saxlobda, iseTi rogorc bakuriani, Tornikioi, fokadesi, skleroi da
dalasenoi Pakourianoi (Bakuriani), Tornikioi, Phokades, Skleroi and Dalassenoi.
grigol bakurianosi Gregory Pakourianos aRniSnavda, rom `iberielebi
sisxliT axlos arian CvenTan~. rogorc ostrogorski Ostrogorsky dasZens,
bakurianos, miuxedavad SesaniSnavi karierisa saimperio samsaxurSi, Tavs
gaucxoebulad grZnobda bizantiur wreebSi da berZnebs eWvis TvaliT
uyurebda. grigol bakurianosma (Bakuriani bakurianiZe) bulgareTSi, Tavis
miwaze, 1081 wels 50 qarTveli bermonazoni gadmoasaxla da daaarsa
petriwonis monasteri. man aseve miiRo monawileoba aTonis mTaze iveriis
monastris daarsebaSi. monastris tipikonSi aRniSnulia, rom berZeni ber
monazvnebi ar unda iyvnen daSvebulni. yvela bers unda SeZleboda waekiTxa
da daewera qarTulad.
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