16
uZvelesi protoqarTuli tomebi
mtkvararaqsisa da TrialeTis kulturam kavkasiaSi ayvaveba daiwyo
Zv. w. 4000 wlidan 2000 wlamde. meloris JP Mallory mixedviT, misi yvelaze
mniSvnelovani maxasiaTebeli iyo `metalurgiis ganviTareba~. marto
samegreloSi daaxloebiT 400 uZvelesi pirvelyofili Rumelebia
aRmoCenili. aTasobiT ulamazesi 46 aTasi wlis winandeli oqrosa da
vercxlis samkauli, aseve etlis borblebi, iaraRi da instrumentebi,
romlebic saqarTvelos muzeumSi inaxeba. es civilizebuli qalaqebi
ufro Zveli iyo, vidre Sumerebis mier blokebiT agebuli Senobebi.
`kembrijis uZvelesi istoriis~ mixedviT (kembrijis universitetis
presa, 19701975 ww.) `The Cambridge Ancient History~ (Cambridge University
press, 19701975), kavkasiaSi civilizacia momdinareobs Zv. w. IXV aTas
wleulidan, sanam is SuamdinareTamde miaRwevda. qarTveli mecnie rebis
azriT, Rvinis fermentacia swored aqedan iRebs saTaves, adamianebs
ganuviTardaT tolerantoba alkoholis mimarT, rac kavkasielebs
dRem de axasiaTebT.
qarTvelebis mier Catarebuli kvlevebi adasturebs, rom mtkvar
araq sis kultura iyo dasabami brinjaos da metalurgiis xanisa, aqve
aRsaniSnavia Rvinis warmoeba, marcvleulis SerCeva, cxenebis mo
Si
naureba da borblis gamogoneba (bunebrivia, am yvelafers sxva mezobeli
da ucxo erebic amtkiceben). aseTi saxis miRwevebi protokavkasielebs
aZlevda samxedro sabrZolo da kulturul upiratesobas. isini
aRmavlobas ganicdidnen 2 aTasi wlis ganmavlobaSi, magram, miuxedavad
amisa, ganwirulni iyvnen imisaTvis, rom ebrZolaT momTabare dampy
roblebis uzarmazari armiebis winaaRmdeg da sabolood ganadgurdnen
kidec.
Cvens welTaRricxvamde 1200 wels evraziaSi moxda didi istoriuli
katastrofa – troas omi ( Trojan War), uZvelesi `msoflio omi~ (ixilavT
momdevno TavebSi), im droidan saqarTvelos teritoriaze sami ZiriTadi
qveyanaa cnobili:
1. iberia (aRmosavleT saqarTvelo)
2. kolxeTi (dasavleT saqarTvelo)
3. muSkiTubali (Mushki-Tubal) da diaoxi (Diaochi) – samxreT
saqarTveloanatolia.
amasTan erTad, ra Tqma unda, somxeTi da albaneTi.
iberiis Iberia saxelis warmoSobis Sesaxeb bevri mosazreba arsebobs,
romelTagan yvelaze metad misaRebia dasavleli mkvlevrebis mosazreba,
rom aris tomi tiberiani TIberani (asureli mefeebis wyaroebidan
gamomdinare) an Tubalkaini (Tubalkain), saidanac TiTqosda iberielebis
17
(Iberoi) saxeli miiReba. Zveli berZeni avtorebi miiCneven, rom qarTvel
tomebs hqviaT iberoi, plutarqes romaul wyaroebze dayrdnobiT.
adgilobrivi iberielebi TavianT samefos eZaxdnen qarTls da TavianT
erovnebas – qarTlelebs, miTiuri mTavris qarTlosis mixedviT. Cvens
welTaRricxvamde me6 saukuneSi iberiis dedaqalaqi iyo mcxeTa.
herodote Herodotus gvamcnobs, rom tibarenebma, mosinikebma,
makronebma, mosxebma Tibarenes, Mossinikoi, Macrones, Moschi da sxva iberielma
tomebma (Zvel arianelebTan erTad) Seqmnes sparseTis satrapiebi midia
Medes da aqemenia.
muSkebi Mushki – (Zv. w. II aTaswleuli) anatoliis `rkinis~ xalxi
iyo, rogorc asuruli wyaroebi gvamcnoben, da mosxoi Moschoi, igive
mesxebi Meskhetians, mias Mia tomebi eTayvanebodnen cnobil frigiel
mefes midass Phrygian King Midas, romelmac frigiuli ancira Ancyra
(amJamad ankara) aRmoaCina.
ioseb flaviusma Josephus Flavius mosxi Moschoi warmoadgina bibliur
meSeqTan erTad. meSeqi Meshech iyo iafetis Japheth vaJi. dabadeba 10:2 da
1 neStTa 1:5. hekatosi (Hecataeus) (Zv. w. 550496 ww.) moixseniebs mosxebs
(Moschoi), rogorc kolxebs, hurianebis (Hurrians) gverdiT mcxovrebT.
straboni Strabo mosxebis adgilmdebareobad miiCnevs SavizRvispireTs.
prokopi Procopius ki acxadebs, rom isini iberielebi iyvnen. harvardis
universitetis profesor jeims r. raselis James R. Russell TqmiT,
qarTulad somexi (Somekhi) Zveli saxelwodebaa da muSkidan (Mushki)
momdinareobs. bizantiur istoriografiaSi mosxi cnobilia, rogorc
kabadokielebis STamomavali (evsevi Eusebius).
kolxeTi da iberia (Zv. w. 600 – Cv. w. 500 ww.)
18
muSkebi cxovrobdnen urartus mezoblad da hurianebisa da
kaskasis (Hurrians and Kaskas) mokavSireebi iyvnen. Zv. w. 1160 wels SeiWrnen
asureTis provinciebSi, magram maleve damarcxdnen. qristes Sobamde
me8 saukuneSi kaskasebTan erTad saxeli gaiTqves Tabalebma (Tabal)
postxeTuri (Hittite) saxelmwifoebrivi wyobiT. muSkebi, TabalebTan
da qarCemiSTan (Carchemish) (amJamad siria) erTad, gaerTiandnen anti
asurul aliansSi. aliansi male asurelma sargonma daamarcxa da
qarCemiSi daipyro.
qarTveli mecnierebisa da legendebis Tanaxmad, qristes Sobamde
me6 saukuneSi palestinis muSki mosaxleobis nawili ebraelebTan erTad
saqarTveloSi movidnen (TavSesafari nabuqodonosoris Nebuchadnezzar
Semosevis Semdeg miiRes) da dasaxldnen mcxeTasa da mis SemogarenSi.
qarTuli anu muSkuri ena, megrul da svanur enebTan erTad, Sumerul
enasTanaa dakavSirebuli (Zveli Caldini), romelic mSobliuri iyo
abrahamis STamomavlobisTvis.
Tubalis Tubal (Tabal) da meSexis (mosoxi/mesxi) (Meshekh (Mosokh/Meskhi))
Zveli qarTuli tomebi miiCnevian metalurgiis dargis fuZemdeblebad,
aseve spilenZisa da brinjaos pirvelmwarmoeblebad. meSexebi da
Tubalebi iwodebian gogis da magogis samTavroebad (ezekieli 38:2
da 39:1). im dros yvelam icoda, rom Tabalis qveyanaSi, taros mTebis
CrdiloaRmosavleTiT anatoliaSi, moipoveboda vercxli. Tubali
(kaeni) Tubal(cain) bibliaSi moxseniebulia, rogorc `spilenZisa da
rkinis instruqtori~ (dabadeba 4:22, ezekieli 38:143) da miiCneva
masonuri moZraobis sulier winamorbedad. berZnebi am toms uwodebdnen
Tiberanebs, romelmac SesaZloa biZgi misca iberiis saxelis warmoSobas
TIberian an subarelebs Subarian, ra saxeliTac icnobda klasikuri
msoflio saqarTvelos. flaviusi wers, rom `Tobalebi cnobilni arian
rogorc iberielebi~.
diaoxi, diaei (Diaochi, Diaei (Taochi, Tao)) iyo uZvelesi qveyana
anatoliaSi, evfratis midamoebSi, Zv. w. me128 saukuneebSi. is iyo Zlieri
sagvareulo gaerTianeba, romelmac gailaSqra asureTis, urartusa da
kolxeTis winaaRmdeg. Zv. w. me8 saukuneSi, diaoxi aneqsirebuli iyo
kolxebis mier. amis Semdeg maleve daiwyo brZola urartusa da kolxeTs
Soris, qristes Sobamde 750748 wlebSi.
kolxeTi (lazika romaelebisTvis, egrisi iberielebisaTvis) Colchis
(Qolha) (Lazica, Egrisi) warmoadgenda saqarTvelos dasavleT nawils Zv. w.
me15 saukuneSi da bizantiis imperiamde qristes Sobidan adreul wlebSi.
aq metalis dnoba da Camosxma daiwyo gacilebiT adre, vidre msoflios
sxva regionebSi. berZnul miTologiaSi is iyo uaRresad mdidari miwa,
aietis da medeas Ayetes and Medea saxli da argonavtebis Argonauts
Dostları ilə paylaş: |