What had been engineered, under Bismarck’s guidance, was effectively the
extension of Prussian power rather than the expression of nationalist enthusiasm
for a united Germany.
The constitution of the second Empire made this abundantly clear. It was a
federal empire, in which the constituent states retained their monarchies and
considerable power over internal matters, while foreign policy and war were
national areas of competence. The political structure was essentially a pyramid
with three layers. The bottom layer, the parliament or
Reichstag
, was directly
elected by universal manhood suffrage on a secret ballot. While it was
apparently very democratic, parliamentary deputies in practice had little real
power and could simply let off steam by expressing their opinions. Moreover,
since there were no parliamentary salaries, anyone lacking independent means
had little chance of becoming a representative in parliament. Eventually, as the
German sociologist Max Weber was to point out, anyone with aspirations to
wielding real power would disdain parliament in any case. While the Reichstag
had veto-rights, legislation was initiated in the Federal Council, or
Dostları ilə paylaş: