whom Weimar democracy had meant only national humiliation, economic
disaster, social conflicts and personal uncertainty. Recognising the force of such
a mass movement, and recognising their own lack of a popular base, the
nationalist, industrial, agrarian and military elites thought they could ‘harness’,
‘tame’ and use this movement to give their own schemes for the destruction of
democracy a legitimacy which they could not on their own achieve. Hitler did
not need to ‘seize’ power; the old elites simply opened the door and welcomed
him in. Faced with such a conjunction, there was little that the weakened unions
and the divided left could do to salvage a democracy which had been effectively
deserted by powerful interests as well as petty bourgeois masses. The
miscalculated machinations of the elites proved a sadder, more irresponsible
mistake than the weaknesses and errors of those who were ultimately unable to
protect and defend the inherently unstable, ill-fated Weimar Republic. In this
unique combination of circumstances, Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany.
THE CONSOLIDATION OF HITLER’S POWER
It nevertheless took Hitler some time to extend his hold on power, appointed as
he was to lead a cabinet in which there were only two other Nazis, Frick and
Goering. Elections were called for 5 March 1933, and, despite the intimidating
atmosphere following the burning of the Reichstag on 27 February, which the
Nazis used as a pretext for declaring a state of emergency, the Nazis still failed
to win an absolute majority at the polls. The NSDAP achieved 43.9 per cent of
the vote, giving it 288 seats, while the left gained over 30 per cent of the vote
(128 seats for the SPD and eighty-one for the KPD) and the Centre and Liberals
together gained 18 per cent. Even together with their Nationalist coalition
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