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![](/i/favi32.png) April 22nd-28th 2023 Ukraine’s game planThe EconomistPicture perfect?
“Y
ou can
be 60 and have a free bus pass
here, but you can’t use it,” exclaims
Janette Williamson, the Labour leader of
Wirral Council on Merseyside. Ms Wil
liamson is talking not about public trans
port but about voting. New rules obliging
eligible voters to show a form of photo
ID
at
the ballot box face their first big test in lo
cal elections on May 4th.
Passports and driving licences are ac
ceptable everywhere, but requirements for
other forms of
ID
vary. An over60 travel
pass is fine in London, Wales and Northern
Ireland (where photo
ID
has been required
since 2003). Elsewhere, only an over66
travel pass granted at the state retirement
age is
OK
. “It doesn’t seem to make much
sense to us here,” says Ms Williamson.
The changes, pushed through by the
government last year, are ostensibly an at
tempt to allay fears about election security.
Proponents point to highprofile, if isolat
ed, examples of fraud. The most egregious,
a 2014 mayoral election in the London bor
ough of Tower Hamlets, was voided.
Opponents argue that the new rules will
suppress turnout among certain segments
of the electorate. None of the photo
adorned bus passes, student cards and rail
cards carried by younger voters, who are
less likely to vote Conservative, are accept
able. People with severe disabilities, the
unemployed and those who have never
voted are less likely to have photo
ID
.
Whether the new rules will have a long
term impact, on either electoral integrity
or voter suppression, is open to question.
Pretending to be someone else at polling
stations, the problem which voter
ID
is de
signed to fix, is rare: in the eight years to
2021, there were only three convictions for
this offence. In other places that require
identification, such as Canada, Switzer
land and certain American states, research
has not shown a causal relationship be
tween voter
ID
laws and depressed turn
out. (Indeed, a new study in America sug
gests that communities which feel they are
being deliberately targeted may turn out in
greater numbers.)
That still leaves open the possibility of
immediate chaos. Details of the new voting
requirements weren’t finalised until De
cember 2022, leaving only a few months
before the local elections for officials to get
the message out. At the time the Conserva
tiveled Local Government Association, a
crossparty body representing more than
300 local authorities, called for the rules to
be delayed because of potential pressure
on election staff.
“It’s the biggest change in polling sta
tions in a generation,” says Peter Stanyon,
CEO
of the Association of Electoral Admin
istrators, the body representing election
officials. “It’s very disappointing that these
things have been introduced so late.” Local
officials are the ones who have to turn
away people without the right form of
ID
.
“There are concerns about the security of
staff, because if you do get an irate elector,
the staff are effectively quite vulnerable.”
There may be a lot of frustrated people.
As of February, according to research by the
Electoral Commission, an independent bo
dy that oversees ballots in Britain, 37% of
voters believed that
ID
was not needed. A
government study found that 4% of voters,
or about 2m people, did not have a suitable
photo
ID
. Such voters can apply for a free
“voter authority certificate”. So far just
60,000 have done so; the deadline to apply
is April 25th. “It’s a massive hill to climb,”
says Craig Westwood, who runs communi
cations for the commission.
Given the fine margins of local democ
racy, the loss of a few voters can make a big
difference (experience suggests that peo
ple who are turned away from polling sta
tions do not all return, even if they have a
valid
ID
at home). In last year’s local elec
tions, for instance, two seats on Wirral
council were decided by fewer than 100
votes; two seats also happened to be the
size of the Labour victory.
If voters are turned away in droves, or
seats swing because a handful of voters are
carrying the wrong pass, that might dent
faith in the system. “Confidence is always
going to be central to our role and is a key
indicator around elections,” says Mr West
wood. “It’s incredibly hard to build it up.
And it’s very easy for it to be lost.”
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