Content Outline a joint Program of the Federation of State Medical Boards

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renal mechanisms in acid-base balance 

renal mechanisms in body fluid homeostasis 

micturition 

Cell/tissue structure and function 

renal metabolism and oxygen consumption 

tubular reabsorption and secretion, including transport processes and proteins  

hormones produced by or acting on the kidney (eg, renin, aldosterone, angiotensin II, 

vasopressin) 

Repair, regeneration, and changes associated with stage of life 

Abnormal Processes: Health and Health Maintenance, Screening, Diagnosis, 

Management, Risks, Prognosis 

Infectious, immunologic, and inflammatory disorders  

infectious disorders 

upper urinary tract: granulomatous pyelonephritis; perinephric abscess; 

pyelonephritis; pyonephrosis; renal abscess; renal tuberculosis 

lower urinary tract and urinary tract infections of unspecified location: cystitis; 

chlamydial and nonchlamydial 

immunologic and inflammatory disorders 

 

upper urinary tract 

glomerular disorders: Alport syndrome; glomerular disease due to hepatitis 

B, C; glomerulonephritis, including poststreptococcal; IgA nephropathy; 

lupus nephritis; minimal change disease; nephrotic syndrome; thin 

basement membrane disease 

tubular interstitial disease: acute tubular necrosis (ATN); acute 

interstitial nephritis; papillary necrosis; HIV nephropathy 

lower urinary tract: interstitial cystitis 

Neoplasms 

benign neoplasms and cysts: polycystic kidney disease 

malignant neoplasms: renal (eg, Wilms tumor/nephroblastoma, renal cell carcinoma, 

renal tumors associated with congenital/hereditary conditions); urinary bladder and 

collecting system

 

Signs, symptoms, and ill-defined disorders: dysuria; hematuria; oliguria, anuria; proteinuria 

Metabolic and regulatory disorders: acute kidney injury; renal insufficiency; azotemia, 

uremic syndrome; chronic kidney disease, including end-stage renal disease; 

cystinuria; Fanconi syndrome; hypertensive renal disease (renal complications of 

hypertension); renal calculi, ureteral calculi, nephrolithiasis; renal tubular acidosis 

Vascular disorders: renal artery stenosis (atherosclerosis, fibromuscular dysplasia, 

nephrosclerosis); renal vein thrombosis; renal infarction 

Traumatic and mechanical disorders: bladder rupture; neurogenic bladder; obstructive 

uropathy; posterior urethral valves; renal laceration; renal vascular injury; ureteral 

laceration/avulsion/disruption; urethral diverticulum; urethral/ureteral 

obstruction/stricture/prolapse; urinary incontinence, including secondary enuresis; 

vesicoureteral reflux 

Congenital disorders: double ureters/ureteral duplication/double collecting system; 

horseshoe kidney; hydronephrosis/reflux; renal agenesis, renal hypoplasia, renal 

dysplasia; single kidney 

Adverse effects of drugs on the renal and urinary system: ACE inhibitors; aminoglycosides; 

amphotericin B; cisplatin; furosemide; gadolinium (nephrogenic systemic fibrosis); 

heroin; iodinated contrast dye; lithium; NSAIDs; penicillins; sulfa drugs; tenofovir; drug -

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induced urinary retention 

 

Pregnancy, Childbirth, & the Puerperium

 

Normal Processes 

Organ structure and function:  pregnancy, including fertilization, implantation, development 

of embryo, labor and delivery, the puerperium, lactation, gestational uterus, placenta 

Abnormal Processes: Health and Health Maintenance, Screening, Diagnosis, 

Management, Risks, Prognosis 

Prenatal care 

preconception counseling and care: folate deficiency prevention; immunizations; 

nutritional assessment, including vitamins; Rh screening 

prenatal risk assessment/prevention: adolescent pregnancy; antepartum fetal 

evaluation, including biophysical profile; genetic screening; α-fetoprotein; diabetes 

mellitus; neural tube defects; Rh isoimmunization 

supervision of normal pregnancy: assessment of gestational age; iron deficiency 

prevention; nutrition, including weight management; surveillance, including 

ultrasonography and assessment of fetal growth; vitamin deficiency prevention; 

infections, maternal, fetal, newborn (focus on prevention and screening): 

cytomegalovirus, coxsackievirus, hepatitis B virus, herpes simplex viruses, HIV, 

influenza virus, parvovirus B19 virus, rubella virus, varicella-zoster virus, Chlamydia 

trachomatis, Treponema pallidum, Streptococcus agalactiae, Toxoplasma gondii, 

amnionitis; asymptomatic urinary tract infection 

Obstetric complications: abortion, induced, septic, missed, spontaneous, threatened; acute 

fatty liver of pregnancy; anemia of pregnancy, sickle cell disease, thalassemia in 

pregnancy; antepartum hemorrhage, including third-trimester bleeding; cardiomyopathy 

of pregnancy; cervical incompetence, cervical shortening; cholestasis of pregnancy, 

intrahepatic; congenital abnormalities, maternal (eg, bicornuate uterus); ectopic 

pregnancy; fetal abnormality affecting management of mother (eg, hydrocephalus, spina 

bifida); fetal growth restriction; gestational diabetes; maternal mortality; multiple 

gestation; placental abnormalities (abruptio placentae, placenta previa, premature 

separation of placenta); polyhydramnios, oligohydramnios; preeclampsia, eclampsia, 

HELLP syndrome, gestational hypertension; prolonged pregnancy; Rh isoimmunization 

affecting management of mother; vomiting in pregnancy (morning sickness, hyperemesis 

gravidarum); trauma in pregnancy; infections complicating pregnancy 

Labor and delivery: labor and delivery, uncomplicated; labor and delivery, complicated, 

including shoulder dystocia; cesarean delivery, including complications; cord 

compression, cord prolapse; fetal malpresentations (eg, breech); intrapartum fetal 

evaluation, including fetal heart tones; intrapartum prophylaxis (eg, HIV, Chlamydia, 

gonococcal prophylaxis); premature rupture of membranes; preterm (before 37 weeks' 

gestation) and postdates labor and delivery; threatened preterm labor 

Puerperium, including complications: lactation problems; breast-feeding problems; lochia; 

postpartum cardiomyopathy; postpartum blues; postpartum hemorrhage; postpartum 

sepsis; retained placenta, products of conception (eg, placenta accreta); uterine atony 

Newborn (birth to 4 weeks of age) 

normal newborn 

examination of liveborn at admission to hospital 

screening, newborn 

disorders of the newborn: screening, newborn; ABO incompatibility in newborn; 

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