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electrolyte metabolism (calcium, potassium, phosphorus)
water metabolism
Intracellular accumulations (eg, pigments, fats, proteins, carbohydrates, minerals,
inclusions, vacuoles, lysosomal/glycogen storage disease and structures related to
storage diseases, glycogen phosphorylase deficiency, Zellweger syndrome)
Abnormal Processes: Health and Health Maintenance, Screening, Diagnosis,
Management, Risks, Prognosis
Infectious, immunologic, and inflammatory disorders
infectious disorders
bacterial: brucellosis (
Brucella spp); leptospirosis (
Leptospira interrogans); Lyme disease
(Borrelia burgdorferi); melioidosis (Burkholderia pseudomallei); miliary
(disseminated) tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis); tularemia (Francisella
tularensis); toxic shock syndrome; Q fever (Coxiella burnetii); anaplasmosis and
ehrlichiosis (Anaplasma and Ehrlichia species); rickettsiosis (Rocky Mountain
spotted fever [Rickettsia rickettsii])
viral: infectious mononucleosis (Epstein-Barr virus); cytomegalovirus infection; yellow
fever; human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8)
fungal: blastomycosis (
Blastomyces dermatitidis); candidiasis (
Candida albicans);
coccidioidomycosis (Coccidioides immitis/posadasii); histoplasmosis (Histoplasma
capsulatum)
parasitic: schistosomiasis (
Schistosoma); leishmaniasis (
Leishmania spp), visceral (kala-
azar); trypanosomiasis/Chagas disease, acute and chronic (Trypanosoma)
immunologic and inflammatory disorders: acute rheumatic fever; autoimmune
arteritis/vasculitis; Behçet syndrome; Churg-Strauss syndrome; eosinophilic
granuloma, histiocytosis, Langerhans cell histiocytosis; Goodpasture syndrome;
Henoch-Schönlein purpura; Kawasaki disease; mixed connective tissue disease;
polyangiitis; polyarteritis nodosa; polyglandular autoimmune syndrome, type 1;
polymyalgia rheumatica, temporal arteritis; Raynaud disease/Raynaud syndrome;
reactive arthritis, formerly Reiter disease, including Reiter arthritis; scleroderma
(systemic sclerosis); Sjögren syndrome; systemic lupus erythematosus; Takayasu
arteritis; granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly Wegener granulomatosis);
familial Mediterranean fever; sarcoidosis, Lofgren syndrome
Neoplasms and related disorders
paraneoplastic syndromes: endocrine (eg, SIADH, Cushing syndrome, hypercalcemia of
malignancy [parathyroid‐related protein and paraneoplastic syndrome with
hypercalcemia]); hematologic (polycythemia, nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis);
neurologic (myasthenic syndrome, paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration, limbic
encephalitis, pure sensory neuropathy, anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis);
mucocutaneous (eg, acanthosis nigricans); musculoskeletal (eg, pulmonary
osteoarthropathy, polymyositis); other (membranous glomerulonephritis)
inherited cancer syndromes: DNA repair abnormalities (eg, Fanconi anemia); Lynch
syndrome (gastrointestinal and female reproductive)
Signs, symptoms, and ill-defined disorders: arthralgias; abdominal pain; chest pain; cough;
dizziness, light-headedness, syncope, including breath-holding spells with syncope;
dyspnea, shortness of breath; edema, anasarca; fatigue; fever of unknown origin; Gulf
War syndrome; hemoptysis; pain management (in a nonaddiction, nonpalliative-care
setting); joint pain; lymphedema; palpitations; pruritus; unexpected weight gain/weight
loss
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Nutrition
protein-calorie malnutrition (kwashiorkor, marasmus)
vitamin deficiencies and/or toxicities: vitamin A; vitamin B; vitamin B1, thiamine (eg,
Wernicke- Korsakoff syndrome, beriberi); vitamin B3, niacin; vitamin B6, pyridoxine;
vitamin B9, folic acid; vitamin B12, cobalamins (pernicious anemia); vitamin C
(scurvy); vitamin D (rickets); vitamin E; vitamin K
mineral deficiencies and/or toxicities
obesity
enteral/parenteral nutrition (TPN)
Toxins and environmental extremes
physical and associated disorders
temperature (eg, hypothermia, hyperthermia, heat stroke)
radiation (eg, radon, uranium mining, imaging studies)
thermal injury, burns, electrocution, lightning
decreased atmospheric pressure, high-altitude sickness
increased water pressure (nitrogen narcosis)
chemical including Gulf War illness/syndrome
gases, vapors, smoke inhalation
agricultural hazards (eg, pesticides, green tobacco poisoning, anhydrous ammonia,
Agent Orange)
volatile organic solvents
metals (eg, lead)
other chemical agents (eg, ethylene glycol, carbon tetrachloride, methanol; BPA)
principles of poisoning and therapy (eg, acetylsalicylic acid [ASA], acetaminophen)
Venomous bites and stings: hymenoptera bites and stings; scorpion bites; snake bites; spider
bites; jellyfish stings
Fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance disorders
fluid volume and electrolyte/ion disorders: fluid volume disorders; dehydration;
hypovolemia; volume overload; electrolyte disorders; hyponatremia, hypernatremia;
hypokalemia, hyperkalemia; hypocalcemia, hypercalcemia; hypophosphatemia,
hyperphosphatemia; hypomagnesemia
acid-base disorders: metabolic acidosis; metabolic alkalosis; respiratory acidosis;
respiratory alkalosis; mixed acid-base disturbances
Abuse
child, nonaccidental trauma/inflicted head trauma/factitious disorder by proxy
intimate partner abuse, sexual, emotional, and physical including injuries (eg, rib
fractures) related to abuse
elder abuse, sexual, emotional, and physical including injuries (eg, rib fractures)
related to abuse
sexual assault
Multiple trauma (eg, prioritization, blast injury involving more than one organ system)
Shock, cardiogenic, hypovolemic, neurogenic, septic, sepsis, bacteremia, systemic
inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), refractory, multiorgan dysfunction
syndrome: meningococcemia
Genetic metabolic and developmental disorders
multifactorial: VATER syndrome, association syndromes
large genomic changes: Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome; Down syndrome; Prader-
Willi syndrome
enzymatic/metabolic: alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency; porphyria; inborn errors of