Financing of the terrorist organisation islamic state in iraq and the levant (isil)
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- FINANCING OF THE TERRORIST ORGANISATION ISLAMIC STATE IN IRAQ AND THE LEVANT (ISIL)
- Case 17.2
FINANCING OF THE TERRORIST ORGANISATION ISLAMIC STATE IN IRAQ AND THE LEVANT (ISIL)
2015 39
Case Study 17: Official channels for donations Case 17.1:
In July 2012 Saudi Arabia launched a national donation campaign for Syrian refugees and called upon all Saudis to take part in helping the Syrian refugees. The Saudi Ministry of Interior announced that the campaign would cover all parts of the kingdom so that all Saudi citizens would get the chance to offer the Syrian people what they can to help them in their time of crisis.
A day of Solidarity with the Syrian Children was inaugurated on February 25, 2014. On that day large number of Saudis turned out with huge donations on to support the national campaign. There after a caravan of 60 trucks left Riyadh, carrying relief supplies, including food and medicine meant for the children of Syria. The Campaign, which started since 2012, has spent more than SR708 million to help the afflicted people of Syria.
The Prime Ministry Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency of the Republic of Turkey (AFAD) oversee the humanitarian response to the Syrian and Iraqi crises, including the collection and distribution of donations. Furthermore, national and international non-governmental organisations can operate in Turkey only if they are registered with the Ministry of Interior as per the relevant laws and regulations in place. The number of Syrians living in Turkey under temporary protection has reached 1.6 million. Turkey has so far spent close to 5 billion USD to serve the needs of Syrians in Turkey; the total bilateral and multilateral support it has received remains at 300 million USD.
Turkey’s cross-border humanitarian assistance cooperating with the United Nations in the implementation of the UNSCRs 2139, 2165 and 2191 to Syrian people distributed at the "point-zero" of selected border gates through the Turkish Red Crescent reached 330 million USD since August 2012. Turkey has been providing humanitarian assistance for all Iraqis seeking protection in Turkey and IDPs without any discrimination. Furthermore, Turkey has built three IDP camps in northern Iraq.
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V. CONCLUSION The purpose of this report was to understand how ISIL obtains and moves funds in order to (i) disrupt financial flows, (ii) deprive ISIL of its resources, and (iii) prevent ISIL from abusing relevant financial and economic sectors. As highlighted in the report, a number of traditional countermeasures used to deprive terrorist organisations of its funds are not applicable with respect to the new model adopted by ISIL. However, like any terrorist organisation, ISIL’s financial, logistical and supply networks are vulnerable. Disruption of command, control and economic structures will hinder ISIL’s ability to finance its operations and support its fighters. A number of the funding tactics ISIL employs have not yet been assessed by the FATF, such as extortion of goods, cash transiting territory where ISIL operates and grass-root funding strategies. The FATF should consider undertaking further research into emerging terrorist financing methods and trends in order to better inform both the public and financial sectors, including non-financial businesses and professions. Further, all international AML/CFT bodies and organisations including FATF’s Global Network are integral in countering ISIL financing given the diverse geographic scope of the terrorist financing risks identified. All efforts should be made to call on all countries to fully implement counter- terrorist financing measures in accordance with the FATF standards to include adequately criminalizing terrorist financing, ensuring a robust targeted financial sanctions regime and creating legal and operational frameworks to stop, restrain and enable confiscation of cash when reasonable grounds for suspicion exist of terrorist financing. Finally, in an effort to disrupt ISIL’s external funding sources, focus should be put on the identification of the origin, middlemen, buyers, carriers, traders and routes through which oil produced in ISIL-held territory is trafficked. This would align with the recently adopted UNSCRs 2170 (2014), 2178 (2014) and 2199 (2015) on this subject. Further, robust preventative measures and effective supervision and enforcement are central to ensuring that MVTS are not abused for ISIL-financing purposes. This should include effective mechanisms to identify, monitor and take action against illegal MVTS operations. To conclude, this report contributes to the international discussion to update global counter terrorist finance efforts and will help identify existing and potentially new countermeasures that could be utilized to deprive ISIL of its resources and disrupt its financial flows. Still, further consideration will have to be given to determine how best the international community can prevent ISIL from using or benefiting from the financial and commercial sectors under its control. FINANCING OF THE TERRORIST ORGANISATION ISLAMIC STATE IN IRAQ AND THE LEVANT (ISIL)
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