THE MODERN PROBLEMS OF TURKOLOGY
87
At last, while coming across with the
question: «Is the result unexpected?» the
author gives such a diffused answer: «Dead
languages are more than living ones».
Notwithstanding that, G.Dorfer considers
the Huns as a mixed society (eclectic) from the
ethnic point of view, there is an authoritative
position in Turkology. This position shows
that, the Hun Empire amalgamates in itself the
Turkic, Mongol, Tungus-Manjur and other
ethnoses, tribes or tribal unities encompassing
a large geography from the Central Asia to the
Eastern Europe. The Turks were playing a
leading role in the life of the Empire occupying a
superior position. It’s not accidental that,
N.A.Baskakov talks about the Eastern Hun
and the Western Hun, i.e. two branches of the
ancient Turkish language as the most
important result of the separation of the East
and West of the Hun Empire. In his opinion,
there were z-∫ phonetic parallels in the Eastern
Huns and r-l // z-∫ phonetic parallels in the
Western Huns. It’s called not only parallelism,
but also methodological system.
The great majority of the investigators
exploring the elements of the Hun language in
the Chinese resources accept them Turkish.
But according to others, the same language
elements belong to dead languages (like
G.Dorfer!). When we say dead languages for
some reason the Sumer language is remembered.
Though, the scientific and fantastic idea
about the Sumers being from the Turkish
origin is controversial, it’s indisputable to
solve the problem of the Sumer language. In
order to solve the problem it’s necessary
namely to begin from this supposition: – «the
Sumers are the Turks». Ideas about their origin
(even non-Turkic!) should be substantiated
from scientific and methodological point of
view.
One of the interesting problems in
Turkology is the problem which shows that,
the Turks are the «foothold». It means that,
without the Turks
a) neither the Mongols, Tunguses and
Manjurs;
b) neither the Fins, Hungarians and
Estonians;
c) nor the Koreans, Japanese, etc can’t
occupy their natural places (coordinates) in the
world ethnic and historical system. And
Turkology didn’t pay attention to this. Because
the same theme is out of its sphere.
G.Dorfer announced the language of the
Huns in all political and geographical
manifestations namely on the scale of «Hun
Philology» «a dead language» from the
Central Asia to the Eastern Europe without
showing valid argument. He doesn’t take into
consideration that, this is neither the scale nor
the contemporary of Sumer... The Turks have
already settled down from the Central Asia to
the Eastern Europe so that, any ethno-
historical event is appreciated namely in their
context. Even when «it’s out of» the «context»
we remember those «Turks who are outside of
the Turks» – either the Chuvashes or Yakut-
Sacs. This isn’t «out of» the Mongol-Altai
Unity.
To isolate the ancient Turks from the
Huns or to insist that, the Huns aren’t from the
Turkish origin means that, Altai Philology,
Hun Philology and Turkology are of no
concern with one another. But in the broad
sense of a word, historiography can’t accept
this. Because
a)
the
Huns
(in
all
ethnonimic
manifestations: Khunn, Syunnu, etc.) are the
followers of the Altai ethnos;
b) there isn’t any (except the Turks!)
ethnic, geographical, social, political and
historical «power» laying claim to this ethnos;
c) the ethnic, geographical, social and
political (cultural!) heirs of the Huns are
namely the Turks, even the Kipchak Turks if
NIZAMI JAFAROV
88
we approach to the problem from differential
point of view.
Therefore, in comparison with Altai
Philology Hun Philology is the component of
Turkology. It’s proved by the development,
evolution and differentiation history of the
Turks. So that, the Huns (or the Turks!)
«shaking» the memory of the history in the 3rd
century enlarge the borders of the common
prahomeland (of the Altais) oppressing their
Mongol
(before
this
Tungus-Manjur)
neighbors. In the mid of the 1st millennium
they move towards the West. The main allies
of the Huns (the Turks) in this period calling
«the great migration of the people» are the
Fin-Ugroes or Ugro-Fins. This mass and
stream «being complicated from ethnic point
of
view»
becomes
very «complicated»
entering into an alliance with the Slavic and
German ethnoses in the West… And history
keeping in memory the information which
shows how «barbarians» having double
complicated component destroyed the Roman
Empire under the mythical Attila’s leadership
thought that, it had sent a historical «message»
to the East that would be unforgettable for
centuries.
When the great culture (ancient culture!)
exciting suspicion in any investigator (generally,
in the social and intellectual consciousness)
collapsed (in the mid of the 1st millennium)
the Turks created their own written literature,
on the whole culture in the faraway places –
Altais. This was an original event unlike
neither the Western nor the neighboring
Eastern cultures. It’s more important to go to
the Altai (and Protoaltai) antiquity than «to
look around» in order to clarify the ethnogeny
of this event (of the Hun-Turkish culture).
Therefore, Indian and European Philo-
logy can be considered to be as an excellent
science. Because the objects of the ethno-
logical sciences being originated from it
approximately have chronological borders. So
that, Indian Philology or Sanscritology
interferes neither in Romance Philology,
Germanic Philology and Slavic Philology nor
Iranian Philology. In case of interference it
should invent either a new method in the
context of the historical-comparative method
or «to gesture»… But neither Altai Philology,
Indian Philology nor Turkology as a very
«strict» science hadn’t been accustomed to
such «gesture».
The Turks created rich mythology,
folklore and self-belonging ethnography – the
system of ethnic and cultural habits till the mid
of the 1st millennium, i.e. a thousand years
period on the historical stage… It was such
system that, couldn’t be distributed with any
ethnos, even with the relatives being from the
Altai origin. The ancient Turkic written
monuments were the most significant event or
indicator.
The ancient Turkish written monuments
didn’t come to any intellectual’s mind till it’s
deciphered, i.e. till the end of the 19th century.
These perfect writings may belong namely to
the Turks… When V.Thomson gave the key to
read these writings leaving V.V.Radlov behind the
Great Turkological Movement began. That
movement scraped the names of world-fame
importance such as V.V.Radlov, P.M.Melioranski,
S.Y.Malov on the history of Turkology perpetually.
If the ancient Turkish written monuments
were read not at the end of the 19th century, but in
Flippe Fon Tabbert-Stralenberg’s period (18th
century) Turkology would leave its history at
least hundred years behind. To imagine this
isn’t so difficult.
In fact the ethno-geographical diffe-
rentiation of the Turks had begun since the
beginning AD. But the second stage of this
process scaled up with the Hun marches… The
Huns put the foundation of the formation of
the Turkic people disseminating the Altai (and
Protoaltai) ethnoses, especially the Turks to a
big geography from the East towards the West.
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