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Ashtanga Yoga School) and even brought Jois as a guest teacher to Montreal in 2002. He
finds that Ashtanga Yoga is not as popular now as it was when he opened. He felt that
because Ashtanga is a very challenging practice, other teachers have taken certain bits
and pieces to make yoga styles that are easier and more accessible. He said that due to the
mushrooming of yoga studios, “ten years ago less people were doing yoga but those that
were, were much more committed”. He felt that it was “a little disappointing” that yoga
has become fashionable and consequently he believes standards have been lowered.
AT2 also has a long history with yoga, having practiced for the past twenty years.
She is thirty-three years old and has a BA in Religious Studies. Her mother was interested
in yoga and her mother practiced a soft form of Hatha-yoga, some of her mother‟s friends
were yoga teachers. She recalled that her first yoga class was an Iyengar style class that
she took when she was eleven years old. Due to the fact that yoga was a part of her
household she practiced as a teenager and found it to be a very good complement to her
activities in dance and sports. In her early twenties she travelled in India and stayed
several months in a Sivananda ashram. She enjoyed the spiritual aspect but she was not
challenged by the asana practice of the Sivananda style. She said it took years to find a
form of yoga that was a good match for her. AT2 was attracted by the strong physical
practice of Ashtanga; she has been practicing this it for the past eight years and has been
teaching Ashtanga Yoga for five. She was introduced to Ashtanga at the Sattva studio
and then trained under AT1. She enjoys the community feel of Sattva and the benefit of
working consistently with a single teacher. She has visited the Ashtanga Research
Institute in Mysore, now under the direction of Jois‟ grandson Sharath Rangaswamy, and
maintains a relationship with the Institute to this day.
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AT3 is thirty-seven years old and comes from a strong athletic background.
Beginning with swimming, he has been involved in competitive sports since an early age.
This led him to become a triathlon and ironman competitor. During his BSc studies in
Kinesiology he took a twelve week yoga course. It was gentle and had lots of relaxation
and to no surprise our athlete was bored stiff; this really turned him off yoga. When he
became less involved in competing, he began coaching high level athletes. Due to his
rigorous training and the physically demanding sports he was engaged in, he suffered
from numerous injuries. He started doing yoga style stretches but remained wary of yoga.
One day, an Ashtanga demonstration by David Swenson, one of Jois‟ American students,
was playing on a screen in a Lululemon Athletica stores. AT3 was so impressed with
what Swenson was physically able to do that he found his previous idea of yoga
transformed. He immediately bought the DVD and began following along at home as best
he could. After meeting AT1 and giving up professional athleticism, he moved to
Montreal to participate at the Sattva studio. He has been practicing Ashtanga for fifteen
years and teaching for seven.
The training of teachers in Ashtanga is a very interesting phenomenon. As
mentioned above, there are only fifty teachers in North America with full certification.
What this means is that the teacher was either granted authority to teach the primary
series by Pattabhi Jois or, more recently, by the Ashtanga Research Institute. The training
process is lengthy and requires numerous trips to Mysore for extended periods of stay.
AT1 and his wife both have certification based on their time spent with Jois. AT2 has
made four trips to Mysore and told me that with one more trip she hopes to be awarded
certification. She also told me that the awarding of certification is a subjective decision
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by the Institute, based on your yogic education, practice, attitude, number and frequency
of visits and general relationship to the Institute. If there are so few certified teachers the
question that arises is then, how are there so many Ashtanga teachers? AT2 and AT3 do
not have certification and neither do the majority of most Ashtanga teachers. Both
teachers have followed several training sessions and workshops under a fully certified
teacher. In addition, they both had the opportunity to apprentice under AT1 at his Sattva
studio.
(B) Ashtanga Yoga teachers’ belief about yoga practice and its benefits
Given that Ashtanga is very physical practice it is clear that the teachers all enjoy
the exercise but all three also spoke about other benefits. AT1 started the practice because
“it was hard but felt good”. He spoke about cleansing and purifying the body through
dedicated asana practice, specifically the internal organs and nervous system. In this
regard, he said that twisting postures have the greatest effect on the internal organs. He
likened the organs to a dirty sponge and repeated twists was like squeezing the water out
of the sponge; eventually the sponge and the water that is pressed out will be clean. AT1
explained that Ashtanga‟s use of the same fixed series forces students to concentrate.
Ashtanga also offers a three-fold focus during the class by asking students to remain
aware of bandha (body locks), vinyasa (moving with breath) and dristi (gaze).
In addition to the physical benefits, AT2 described the practice as “emotional
therapy”. She gave me as an example of this in something that happens from time to time,
when a tough and physical man comes to her sobbing after a class. All three teachers
spoke about the transformative effects of the practice. AT3 found this to be a priority; he
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