International Journal on Integrated Education

International Journal on Integrated Education 
IJIE | Research Parks Publishing (IDEAS Lab)
 
 
Volume 6, Issue 8 | Aug- 2023 |
81 
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special quality” [4; 687 p.], it is possible to determine the main tasks that serve to achieve this 
goal. 
Most Eastern scholars can observe different interpretations of the teachings on the path to 
enlightenment. Examples include dervishism, asceticism, hard work, the pursuit of knowledge, 
the way of the tariqa (the Sufi doctrine or path of spiritual learning), most arts, and often 
wisdom. An analysis of didactic works shows that the views on enlightenment are leading in the 
works of Fariduddin Attar and Nasiruddin Tusi. Their teachings can be effectively used to train 
an enlightened person. 
THEORETICAL BASIS. 
Between the 2nd half of the XII century and the 1st half of the XIV 
century many philosophers, scientists and scholars lived and worked in the East. Scientists of 
that period wrote in the Arabic, Persian and Turkish languages. In their works, they emphasized 
religious and worldview views and took care of the importance of human perfection. In the 
formation of an enlightened person: abstinence, not succumbing to pride and arrogance, the 
acquisition of knowledge, relations between the teacher and the student, fidelity of the ancestors, 
respect for parents and relatives of the family as well as the ideas of humanity are overwhelmed. 
Speaking about the scholars of that time and the priceless spiritual heritage they left us, it is 
impossible not to highlight the great thinkers named below whose creative and scientific 
activities are commendable. They are: 
Sheikhs – Najmuddin Kubro (1145–1221), Fariduddin Attar (1148–1221), Shahabuddin 
Suhrawardi (1145–1294), Majiduddin Baghdadi (1150–1219), Bahovuddin Valad (1152–1231), 
Muslihiddin Sa’di (1184–1292), Shams Tabrizi (1185–1248). ), Sayfiddin Boharzi (1190–1261), 
Sa’diddin Hamavi (1191–1252), Jalaliddin Rumi (1207–1273), Najmiddin Razi (d. 1278), Hasan 
Bulg’ari (1208–1273); Hazrat Sayyid Amir Kulol (1288–1370); 
Philosophical scientists – Fakhriddin Razi (1149–1209), Sirojiddin Urmavi (1198–283), 
Nasiriddin Tusi (1201–1274), Aziziddin Nasafi (1220–1305), Mahmud Shabustari (1287–1320); 
Writer, poets – Ahmad Yugnaki (XII–XIII), Avfi Bukhari (1177–1233), Sayfiddin Isfarangi 
(died in 1261), Sayfiddin Muhammad Fargani (died in 1308), Yunus Emra (1240–1321), 
Pahlavon Mahmud (1247–1326), Rukniddin Qubavi (XIII), Nasiruddin Burkhaniddin Rabguzi 
(125 0–1330), Khusrav Dehlavi (1253–1325), Ziyovuddin Nakhabiy (1263–1350), Ubayd 
Zakoni (1280–1370). 
Encyclopedic scientist Nasiriddin Tusi (1201–1274) worked in such sciences as philosophy, 
geography, music, optics, medicine, education, mineralogy, the pedagogical work of the scientist 
called «Akhloki Nasiri» is especially famous. The work reflects the moral education of the 
individual, respect for the teacher, the content of family relations and issues of public 
administration. 
Another famous thinker is Muslihiddin Saadi Shirozi (1184–1293). He left an invaluable 
contribution on the development of pedagogical thought with his moralizing and didactic works 
«Boston» and «Guliston». 
The great thinker Jalaluddin Rumi (1207–1272) created his «Masnavi manavi», consisting of 
thirty–six thousand verses. In this work, he interprets the foundations of a person’s spiritual 
education in simple and at the same time complex stories.