Osteologia
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| Miologia
Orqa guruh mushaklar 3 guruhga bo`linadi 1) Yuza guruh mushaklar 2) Chuqur guruh mushaklar 3) Kalta guruh mushaklar Yuza guruh mushaklar 3 qavat bo`lib joylashadi. 1-qavat mushaklari 1) musculus trapezius Qon bilan taminlanishi -- a.transversa colli, a.suprascapularis Innervatsiyasi --- n.accessorius , bo`yin chigalining ramus trapezius tarmog`i 2) musculus latissimus dorsi Qon bilan taminlanishi -- a.transversa colli, a.thoracodorsalis, Innervatsiyasi -- n.thorocodorsalis 2-qavat mushaklari 1) musculus levator scapulae Qon bilan taminlanishi -- a.transversa colli, a.cervicalis superficialis et ascendens Innervatsiyasi --- n.dorsalis scapulae 2) musculus rhomboideus major 3) musculus rhomboideus minor Qon bilan taminlanishi -- a.transversa colli, a.suprascapularis Innervatsiyasi --- n.dorsalis scapulae 3-qavat mushaklari 1) musculus serratus posterior superior Qon bilan taminlanishi ---- a.intercostalis posterior, a.cervicalis profunda Innervatsiyasi --- n.intercostalis 2) musculus serratus posterior inferior Qon bilan taminlanishi -- a.intercostalis posterior Innervatsiyasi --- n.intercostalis 52 Chuqur qavat mushaklari: 1) musculus semispinalis capitis --- boshning yarim qirrali muskuli 2) musculus splenius capitis --- boshning tasmasimon muskuli 3) musculus splenius cervix --- bo`yinning tasmasimon muskuli 4) musculus erector spinae --- 3 ta muskul tolasi bor a) musculus spinalis --- qirrali b) musculus longissimus --- uzun c) musculus iliocostalis --- yonbosh-qovurg`a 5) musculus transversa spinalis --- 3 ta bo`ladi a) musculus semispinalis b) musculus rotatores --- aylantiruvchi c) musculus multifidus --- ko`p burchakli Qon bilan taminlanishi -- a.cervicalis profunda, a.transversa colli Innervatsiyasi --- orqa miya nervlarining orqa shoxlari Kalta mushaklari: 1) musculus intertransversus --- ko`ndalang o`siqlararo muskul 2) musculus interspinalis --- qirrali o`simtalararo muskul 3) musculus levator costarum longus 4) musculus levator costarum brevis Ensa osti mushaklar 2 guruhga bo`linadi 1) To`g`ri mushaklar 2) Qiyshiq mushaklar Qiyshiq mushaklari: 1) musculus obliquus capitis superior 2) musculus obliquus capitis inferior To`g`ri mushaklari: 1) musculus rectus capitis posterior major 2) musculus rectus capitis posterior minor Qon bilan taminlanishi -- a.cervicalis profunda Innervatsiyasi --- orqa miya nervlarining orqa shoxlari Orqa topografiyasi Orqa sohasida 2 ta fassiya bor 1) fascia nuchae 53 2) fascia thoracolumbalis Orqa sohasida bel uchburchagi --- trigonum lumborum bor. Uning devorlari: Pastdan --- crista iliaca Lateraldan --- musculus obliquus externus abdominis Medialdan --- musculus latissimus dorsi va fascia thoracolumbalis Tubini --- musculus obliquus internus abdominis hosil qiladi Bel uchburchagi urologiyada katta ahamiyatga ega. Buyrak operatsiyalarida shu uchburchak orqali buyrakka tushiladi. Old guruh mushaklar Ko`krak mushaklari 2 guruh bo`ladi 1) Serbar mushaklar 2) Xususiy mushaklar Serbar mushaklar ko`krak qafasidan boshlanib, yelka kamari va qo`lning erkin suyaklariga birikadi. 1) musculus pectoralis major --- 3 ta qismi bor a) pars clavicularis b) pars sternocostalis c) pars abdominalis Qon bilan taminlanishi --- a.thorocoacromialis, a.thoracica superior, a.thoracica lateralis Innervatsiyasi --- n.pectoralis lateralis et medialis 2) musculus pectoralis minor Qon bilan taminlanishi --- a.thorocoacromialis, a.thoracica superior Innervatsiyasi --- n.pectoralis lateralis et medialis 3) musculus subclavius Qon bilan taminlanishi --- a.thoracica superior, a.thorocoacromialis Innervatsiyasi --- n.subclavius 4) musculus serratus anterior Qon bilan taminlanishi --- a.thoracica lateralis Innervatsiyasi --- n.thoracicus longus Xususiy mushaklar 1) musculus intercostalis externa 2) musculus intercostalis interna 3) musculus subcostalis 54 4) musculus transversus thoracis Qon bilan taminlanishi --- a.intercostalis posterior, a.thoracica interna (r.intercostalis anterior), a.musculophrenica (r.intercostalis anterior) Innervatsiyasi ---- n.intercostalis Ko`krak topografiyasi Ko`krak sohasida 3 ta uchburchak bor 1) trigonum clavicopectoralis --- devorlari yuqoridan o`mrov suyagining pastki cheti, pastdan musculus pectoralis minor ning yuqori cheti. Ichidan 3 ta qon- tomir o`tadi. a) ramus subscapularis b) arteria thoracica superior c) arteria thoracoacromialis 2) trigonum pectoralis --- devorlari medialdan kichik ko`krak mushagining pastki cheti, lateraldan musculus biceps brachii bilan musculus coracobrachialis. Ichida arteria thoracica lateralis joylashadi 3) trigonum subpectoralis --- devorlari yuqoridan musculus pectoralis minor ning pastki cheti, pastdan musculus pectoralis major ning pastki cheti. Ichidan 3 ta qon-tomir joylashadi. a) arteria subscapularis b) arteria circumflexa humeri anterior c) arteria circumflexa humeri posterior Qorin mushaklari - 3 guruh 1) Oldingi guruh 2) Lateral guruh 3) Orqa guruh Oldingi guruh mushaklar 1) musculus rectus abdominis Qon bilan taminlanishi --- a. intercostalis, a.epigastrica superior et inferior Innervatsiyasi ---- n.intercostalis, n.iliohypogastricus 2) musculus pyramidalis --- rudiment Qon bilan taminlanishi --- a.epigastrica inferior , a.cremasterica Innervatsiyasi ---- n.intercostalis, n.iliohypogastricus Lateral guruh mushaklar 1) musculus obliquus externus abdominis 55 2) musculus obliquus internus abdominis 3) musculus transversus abdominis Qon bilan taminlanishi --- a.epigastrica superior et inferior, a.intercostalis posterior Innervatsiyasi ---- n.intercostalis, n.iliohypogastricus, n.ilioinguinalis Oqa guruh mushaklar 1) musculus quadratus lumborum Qon bilan taminlanishi --- a.iliolumbalis , a.lumbalis Innervatsiyasi --- plexus lumbalis Qorinning oq chizig`i --- linea alba Qorinning o`ng va chap tomonidagi qorinning tashqi qiyshiq, ichki qiyshiq va ko`ndalang mushaklarining oldingi erkin cheti apponevroz bo`lib tugaydi. Apponevrozlarning birikishidan --- linea alba hosil bo`ladi. Qorinning to`g`ri mushagining qini --- vagina musculi recti abdominis Qin kindik osti bilan kindik ustida 2 xil joylashgan 1) Kindik ustida ---- qorinning to`gri mushagining oldidan qorinning tashqi qiyshiq mushagining apponevrozi to`liq o`tadi, orqasidan qorinning ko`ndalang mushagining apponevrozi to`liq o`tadi. Qorinning ichki qiyshiq mushagi qorinning to`gri mushagining lateral chetiga kelganda 2 ta varaqqa ajraladi. a) lamina anterior --- oldingi devorini hosil qiladi b) lamina posterior --- orqa devorini hosil qiladi 2) Kindik ostida ---- qorinning to`g`ri mushagining oldidan qorinning 3 ta serbar mushagi ya`ni qorinning tashqi qiyshiq, qorinning ichki qiyshiq va ko`ndalang mushaklari apponevrozlari to`liq o`tadi. Qorinning to`g`ri mushagining orqasida qorinning ko`ndalang mushagi fassiyasi bo`ladi. Diafragma ---- diaphragma Ko`krak bo`shlig`ini qorin bo`shlig`idan ajratib turuvchi nafas muskuli. Atrofi muskuldan, markazi paydan tashkil topgan. Shakli --- gumbazsimon 56 3 ta qismi bor 1) pars sternalis 2) pars lumbalis 3) pars costalis 3 ta teshigi bor 1) hiatus oesophagus --- qizilo`ngach bilan nervus vagus o`tadi 2) hiatus aorticus ---- aorta bilan ductus thoracicus o`tadi 3) foramen vena cava inferior ---- pastki kovak vena o`tadi 2 juft uchburchagi bo`ladi 1) trigonum sternocostalis dextra et sinistra --- arteria epigastrica superior o`tadi 2) trigonum lumbocostalis dextra et sinistra Qon bilan taminlanishi --- a.phrenica superior et inferior, a.musculophrenica Innervatsiyasi --- n.phrenicus Chov kanali ---- canalis inguinalis Chov kanalining ichidan ayollarda ---- bachadon yumaloq boylami o`tadi Chov kanalining ichidan erkaklarda ---- urug` tizimchasi o`tadi Chov kanalining 4 ta devori bor 1) Yuqori devor --- qorinning ichki qiyshiq mushagi bilan qorinning ko`ndalang mushagi hosil qiladi 2) Pastki devor --- chov boylami ---- ligamentum inguinalis (Pupart boylami) hosil qiladi 3) Lateral devor (Oldingi) --- qorinning tashqi qiyshiq mushagining apponevrozi hosil qiladi 4) Medial devor (Orqa) --- qorinning ko`ndalang mushagining fassiyasi hosil qiladi. Ichida 2 ta halqa joylashadi a) anulus ingvinalis superficialis --- qov suyagi ustida joylashadi b) anulus ingvinalis profunda --- ko`ndalang mushak fassiyasi ostida joylashadi. Bunda chov churralari uchraydi. 57 Bo`yin mushaklari ---- 3 guruh 1) Yuza mushaklar 2) O`rta mushaklar 3) Chuqur mushaklar Yuza mushaklar 1) musculus platysma --- yuqori qovurg`alarning oldingi sohasidan boshlanib, pastki jag` suyagining oldingi chetiga birikadi Qon bilan taminlanishi --- a.cervicalis superficialis Innervatsiyasi --- n.facialis 2) musculus sternocleidomastoideus --- 2 ta qismi bor a) pars sternalis --- to`sh suyagidan boshlanadi b) pars clavicularis --- articulatio sternoclavicularis dan boshlanadi Bu 2 ta qism bitta qismga aylanib, processus mastoideus ga birikadi. Qon bilan taminlanishi --- a.sternocleidomastoideus, a.thyroidea superior (r.sternocleidomastoideus), a.occipitalis (r.sternocleidomastoideus) Innervatsiyasi --- n.accessorius, bo`yin chigalidan chiquvchi ramus sternocleidomastoideus O`rta mushaklar til osti suyagiga nisbatan olinadi. Til osti suyagi usti mushaklari 1) musculus stylohyoideus --- processus styloideus dan boshlanib, til osti suyagi tanasiga birikadi. 2) musculus digastricus --- 2 ta qorinchasi bor a) venter anterior --- incisura mastoideus dan boshlanib, til osti suyagi tanasiga birikadi b) venter posterior --- til osti suyagidan boshlanib, fossa digastricus ga birikadi. 3) musculus mylohyoideus --- pastki jag`dagi linea mylohyoideus dan boshlanib, til osti suyagi tanasiga birikadi 4) musculus geniohyoideus --- pastki jag`dagi spina mentalis dan boshlanib, til osti suyagi tanasiga birikadi. Qon bilan taminlanishi ---- a.lingualis (r.suprahyoideus) Innervatsiyasi ---- bo`yin chigali Til osti suyagi osti mushaklari 58 1) musculus omohyoideus ---- 2 ta qorinchasi bor. Incisura scapulae dan boshlanib, til osti suyagi tanasiga birikadi. a) venter superior b) venter inferior 2) musculus sternohyoideus ---- to`sh suyagidan boshlanib, til osti suyagi tanasiga birikadi 3) musculus sternothyroideus ---- to`sh suyagidan boshlanib, qalqonsimon tog`aydagi linea obliquus ga birikadi. 4) musculus thyrohyoideus ---- qalqonsimon tog`aydagi linea obliquus dan boshlanib, til osti suyagi tanasiga birikadi. Qon bilan taminlanishi ---- a.thyroidea superior(r.infrahyoideus) Innervatsiyasi ---- ansa cervicalis Chuqur qavat mushaklar --- 2 guruh 1) Lateral taraf mushaklar 2) Medial taraf mushaklar Lateral taraf mushaklari: 1) musculus scalenus anterior ---- 2-4- bo`yin umurtqalarining ko`ndalang o`simtalaridan boshlanib, 1-juft qovurg`alarga birikadi. Qon bilan taminlanishi ---- a.cervicalis ascendens Innervatsiyasi ---- bo`yin chigalining ramus muscularis i 2) musculus scalenus media ---- 3-4- bo`yin umurtqalarining ko`ndalang o`simtalaridan boshlanib, 1-juft qovurg`alarga birikadi. Qon bilan taminlanishi ---- a.cervicalis profunda Innervatsiyasi ---- bo`yin chigalining ramus muscularis i 3) musculus scalenus posterior ---- 4-6- bo`yin umurtqalarining ko`ndalang o`simtalaridan boshlanib, 2-juft qovurg`alarga birikadi. Qon bilan taminlanishi ---- a.cervicalis profunda, a.transversa colli Innervatsiyasi ---- bo`yin chigalining ramus muscularis i Medial taraf mushaklari: 1) musculus longus capitis --- bo`yin umurtqalarining ko`ndalang o`simtalaridan boshlanib, kalla asosiga birikadi. 2) musculus longus cervix --- ko`krak umurtqalarining tanasidan boshlanib, bo`yin umurtqalarining tanasiga birikadi. 3) musculus rectus capitis anterior --- 1-bo`yin umurtqasidan boshlanib, ensaga birikadi 4) musculus rectus capitis lateralis --- 1-bo`yin umurtqasining ko`ndalang o`simtalaridan boshlanib, chakkaga birikadi. 5) musculus intertransversus anterior cervicalis --- umurtqalarning ko`ndalang o`simtalari orasida tortilgan 59 Qon bilan taminlanishi --- a.vertebralis, a.cervicalis ascendens, a.cervicalis profunda Innervatsiyasi --- bo`yin chigalining ramus muscularis i Bo`yin topografiyasi Bo`yinda 2 ta bo`shliq bo`ladi. 1) spatium antescalenus ---- devorlari oldindan musculus sternohyoideus bilan musculus sternotyroideus, orqadan musculus scalenus anterior. Bu bo`shliqdan vena subclavia, arteria supraclavicularis o`tadi. 2) spatium interscalenus ---- devorlari oldindan musculus scalenus anterior, orqadan musculus scalenus media, pastdan 1-juft qovurg`a. Bu bo`shliqdan arteria subclavia bilan plexus brachialis o`tadi. Musculus sternocleidomastoideus bo`yinni 2 ta oblastga bo`ladi. 1) regio colli lateralis 2) regio colli medialis Regio colli lateralis da 2 ta uchburchak joylashadi: 1) trigonum omatrapezoideum ---- devorlari oldindan musculus sternocleidomastoideus, orqadan musculus trapezius, pastdan musculus omahyoideus ning venter inferior i 2) trigonum omaclavicularis ---- devorlari oldindan musculus sternocleidomastoideus, yuqoridan musculus omahyoideus ning venter inferior i, pastdan o`mrov suyagi Regio colli medialis da 4 ta uchburchak joylashadi: 1) trigonum submandibularis ---- devorlari yuqoridan pastki jag` suyagining pastki cheti, pastdan musculus digastricus ning venter anterior i bilan venter posterior i. Ichida glandula submandibularis joylashadi. 2) trigonum omahyoideus ( Pirogov uchburchagi ) ---- devorlari yuqoridan nervus hypoglossus, oldindan musculus mylohyoideus, orqadan musculus digastricus ning venter posterior i. Ichidan arteria lingualis, vena lingualis, nervus lingualis o`tadi. 60 3) trigonum caroticum --- orqadan musculus sternocleidomastoideus, oldindan musculus omahyoideus ning venter superior i, musculus digastricus ning venter posterior i. Ichidan umumiy uyqu arteriyasi o`tadi. 4) trigonum omatrachealis ---- devorlari orqadan musculus sternocleidomastoideus, oldindan musculus sternohyoideus, yuqoridan musculus omahyoideus ning venter superior i. Bu uchburchakdan traxeyastoma qo`yiladi. Bo`yinda 5 ta fassiya bor: 1) fascia prevertebralis 2) fascia endocervicalis 3) fascia colli superficialis 4) lamina superficialis fascia colli propria 5) lamina profunda fascia colli propria Bu fassiyalar Shevkunenko klassifikatsiyasi hisoblanadi. Bosh mushaklari --- 2 guruh 1) Chaynov mushaklari 2) Mimika mushaklari Chaynov mushaklari: 1) musculus temporalis --- 2 ta qismi bor a) lamina superficialis b) lamina profunda Qon bilan taminlanishi ---- a.maxillaris ( a.temporalis profunda et superficialis) 2) musculus masseterica --- pastki jag`dagi tuberositas masseterica ga birikadi. 2 ta qismi bor a) pars superficialis ---- yanoqdan boshlanadi b) pars profundus ---- arcus zygomaticus dan boshlanadi Qon bilan taminlanishi ---- a.maxillaris ( a.masseterica) 3) musculus pterygoideus lateralis ---- ensadagi fovea pterygoideus dan boshlanib, pastki jag`dagi fovea pterygoideus ga birikadi. Qon bilan taminlanishi ---- a.maxillaris (a.pterygoideus lateralis) 4) musculus pterygoideus medialis ---- ponasimon suyakdagi incisura pterygoideus dan boshlanib, pastki jag`dagi tuberositas pterygoideus ga birikadi. Qon bilan taminlanishi ---- a.maxillaris (a.pterygoideus medialis) (Qon bilan taminlanishi ---- a.carotis externa tarmoqlari) 61 Innervatsiyasi ---- barcha chaynov mushaklarini n.trigeminus innervatsiya qiladi Mimika mushaklari ---- 2 guruh 1) Boshning mimika mushaklari 2) Yuzning mimika mushaklari Boshning mimika mushaklari: 1) musculus occipitofrontalis --- 2 ta qorinchasi bor a) venter occipitalis ---- linea nuchae inferior dan boshlanadi b) venter frontalis ---- arcus supercilliaris dan boshlanadi Bu qorinchalar galea aponeurotica yordamida birikadi Qon bilan taminlanishi ---- a.temporalis superficialis, a.occipitalis 2) musculus auricularis anterior ---- chakkadan boshlanib, quloqqa birikadi 3) musculus auricularis superior ---- tepadan boshlanib, quloqqa birikadi 4) musculus auricularis posterior ---- ensadan boshlanib, quloqqa birikadi Qon bilan taminlanishi ---- a.temporalis superficialis, a.auricularis posterior Yuzning mimika mushaklari --- 3 guruh 1) Ko`z atrofi mushaklari 2) Burun atrofi mushaklari 3) Og`iz atrofi mushaklari Ko`z atrofi mushaklari 1) musculus orbicularis oculi --- 3 ta qismi bor a) pars palpebralis b) pars orbitalis c) pars lacrimalis Qon bilan taminlanishi ---- a.facialis, a.temporalis superficialis, a.supraorbitalis et infraorbitalis 2) musculus corrugator supercilli --- qisqarsa qoshlar bir-biriga yaqinlashadi va ular orasida vertikal chiziq --- ajin hosil bo`ladi Qon bilan taminlanishi ---- a.frontalis, a.supraorbitalis, a.temporalis superficialis 3) musculus procerus --- peshonadagi spina nasalis dan boshlanib, glabella ga birikadi. Qisqarsa qoshlar orasida ko`ndalang chiziq ---- ajin hosil bo`ladi Qon bilan taminlanishi ---- a.angularis, a.supraorbitalis 62 Burun atrofi mushaklari 1) musculus nasalis --- 2 ta qismi bor a) pars transversus b) pars alaris 2) musculus depressor septi nasi Qon bilan taminlanishi ---- a. facialis Og`zi atrofi mushaklari 1) musculus orbicularis oris ---- 2 ta qismi bor a) pars labialis b) pars marginalis 2) musculus zygomaticus major 3) musculus zygomaticus minor 4) musculus buccinator 5) musculus levator angulis oris 6) musculus levator labii superioris 7) musculus risorius 8) musculus depressor angulis oris 9) musculus depressor labii inferioris 10) musculus mentalis Qon bilan taminlanishi ---- a.facialis Innervatsiyasi ---- barcha mimika mushaklarini n.facialis innervatsiya qiladi. Bosh fassiyalari ---- 4 ta 1) fascia parotidea 2) fascia temporalis 3) fascia masseterica 4) fascia buccopharyngeus Qo`l mushaklari ---- 2 guruh 1) Kamar mushaklari 2) Qo`lning erkin mushaklari Kamar mushaklari 1) musculus deltoideus Qon bilan taminlanishi ---- a.circumflexa humeri posterior, a.thoracoacromialis Innervatsiyasi ---- n.axillaris 63 2) musculus subscapularis Qon bilan taminlanishi --- a.subscapularis, Innervatsiyasi ---- n.subscapularis 3) musculus supraspinatus Qon bilan taminlanishi ---- a.suprascapularis, a.circumflexa scapulae Innervatsiyasi ---- n.suprascapularis 4) musculus infraspinatus Qon bilan taminlanishi ---- a.suprascapularis, a.circumflexa scapulae Innervatsiyasi ---- n.suprascapularis 5) musculus teres minor Qon bilan taminlanishi ---- a.circumflexa scapulae Innervatsiyasi ---- n.axillaris 6) musculus teres major Qon bilan taminlanishi ---- a.subscapularis, Innervatsiyasi ---- n.subscapularis Qo`lning erkin mushaklari: Yelka mushaklari ---- 2 guruh 1) Yelkaning oldingi guruh mushaklari 2) Yelkaning orqa guruh mushaklari Oldingi guruh mushaklari 1) musculus biceps brachii ---- 2 ta boshi bor a) caput longus b) caput brevis 2) musculus coracobrachialis 3) musculus brachialis Yelkaning oldingi guruh mushaklarini a.brachialis qon bilan taminlaydi. Yelkaning oldingi guruh mushaklarini n.musculocutaneus innervatsiya qiladi Orqa guruh mushaklari 1) musculus triceps brachii ---- 3 ta boshi bor a) caput longus b) caput lateralis c) caput medialis Qon bilan taminlanishi ---- a.profunda brachii, a.circumflexa humeri posterior 64 Innervatsiyasi ---- n.radialis 2) musculus anconeus ---- tirsak mushagi Qon bilan taminlanishi ---- a.interossea recurens Innervatsiyasi ---- n.radialis Bilak mushaklari ---- 2 guruh 1) Oldingi guruh 2) Orqa guruh Oldingi guruh mushaklar 4 qavat bo`ladi 1 - qavat mushaklari ---- 5 ta 1) musculus brachioradialis Innervatsiyasi ---- n.radialis 2) musculus pronator teres Innervatsiyasi ---- n.medianus 3) musculus flexor carpiradialis Innervatsiyasi ---- n.medianus 4) musculus palmaris longus Innervatsiyasi ---- n.medianus 5) musculus flexor carpiulnaris Innervatsiyasi ---- n.ulnaris 2-qavat mushaklari ---- 1 ta 1) musculus flexor digitorum superficialis Innervatsiyasi ---- n.medianus 3 - qavat mushaklari ---- 2 ta 1) musculus flexor pollex longus Innervatsiyasi ---- n.medianus 2) musculus flexor digitorum profundus Innervatsiyasi ---- n.medianus, n.ulnaris 4 - qavat mushaklari ---- 1 ta 1) musculus pronator quadratus Innervatsiyasi ---- n.medianus Bilakning oldingi guruh mushaklarini ---- a.radialis, a.ulnaris, a.interossea posterior qon bilan taminlaydi. 65 Orqa guruh mushaklar ---- 2 guruh 1) Yuza mushaklar 2) Chuqur mushaklar Yuza mushaklar: 1) musculus extensor carpiradialis longus Innervatsiyasi ---- n.radialis 2) musculus extensor carpiradialis brevis Innervatsiyasi ---- n.radialis 3) musculus extensor digitorum Innervatsiyasi ---- n.radialis 4) musculus extensor digiti minimi Innervatsiyasi ---- n.radialis 5) musculus extensor carpiulnaris Innervatsiyasi ---- n.radialis Chuqur mushaklar: 1) musculus supinator Innervatsiyasi ---- n.radialis 2) musculus abductor pollex longus Innervatsiyasi ---- n.radialis 3) musculus extensor pollex brevis Innervatsiyasi ---- n.radialis 4) musculus extensor pollex longus Innervatsiyasi ---- n.radialis 5) musculus extensor index Innervatsiyasi ---- n.radialis Bilakning orqa guruh mushaklarini ---- a.radialis, a.ulnaris, a.interossea posterior qon bilan taminlaydi. Bilakning orqa guruh mushaklarini n.radialis innervatsiya qiladi Qo`l panja mushaklari ---- 3 guruh 1) Bosh barmoq atrofidagi mushaklar ---- thenar 2) Jimjiloq atrofidagi mushaklar ---- hypothenar 3) Kaft o`rtasidagi mushaklar ---- mesothenar Thenar mushaklar: 1) musculus flexor pollex brevis Innervatsiyasi ---- n.medianus, n.ulnaris 66 2) musculus adductor pollex brevis Innervatsiyasi ---- n.ulnaris 3) musculus abductor pollex brevis Innervatsiyasi ---- n.medianus 4) musculus opponens pollex brevis Innervatsiyasi ---- n.medianus Hypothenar mushaklar: 1) musculus flexor digiti minimi brevis Innervatsiyasi ---- n.ulnaris 2) musculus abductor digiti minimi brevis Innervatsiyasi ---- n.ulnaris 3) musculus opponens digiti minimi brevis Innervatsiyasi ---- n.ulnaris 4) musculus palmaris brevis Innervatsiyasi ---- n.ulnaris Mesothenar mushaklar: 1) musculus lumbricales Innervatsiyasi: 1-2-mushaklarni n.medianus, 3-4-mushaklarni n.ulnaris 2) musculus interossei palmaris Innervatsiyasi ---- n.ulnaris 3) musculus interossei dorsalis Innervatsiyasi ---- n.ulnaris Qon bilan taminlanishi --- qo`l panja mushaklari arcus palmaris superficialis et profundus bilan qon bilan taminlanadi Qo`l topografiyasi Fossa axillaris ---- qo`ltiq osti chuqurchasi. Devorlari Oldindan ---- musculus pectoralis major et minor Orqadan ---- musculus latissimus dorsi, musculus subscapularis, musculus teres major Medialdan ---- musculus serratus anterior Lateraldan ---- musculus biceps brachii, musculus coracobrachialis Fossa axillaris aylanmasiga cavum axillaris deyiladi. U 2 ta oblastga bo`linadi. 1) regio axillaris anterior --- 3 ta ko`krak uchburchagi joylashadi 2) regio axillaris posterior --- 2 ta teshik bo`linadi 67 a) foramen trilaterum ---- devorlari: yuqoridan --- musculus teres minor, pastdan --- musculus teres major, lateraldan ---- musculus triceps brachii ning caput longum i. Ichidan ---- arteria circumflexa scapulae o`tadi b) foramen quadralaterum ---- devorlari: yuqoridan --- musculus teres minor, pastdan --- musculus teres major, lateraldan --- yelka suyagining xirurgik bo`yinchasi, medialdan --- musculus triceps brachii ning caput longum i. Ichidan --- nervus axillaris bilan arteria cirxumflexa humeri posterior o`tadi. Foramen trilaterum bilan foramen quadralaterum ni yelkaning uch boshli mushagining uzun boshi ajratadi. Yelka sohasida ham 2 ta oblast bo`ladi. 1) regio brachialis anterior 2) regio brachialis posterior Regio brachialis anterior da 2 ta egat bo`ladi. 1) sulcus biceptalis lateralis --- tor bo`lib, bunda bosh barmoqdan vena qonini yig`ib keladigan --- vena cephalica joylashadi. 2) sulcus biceptalis medialis --- keng bo`lib, bunda jimjiloqdan vena qonini yig`ib keladigan --- vena basilica hamda yelka arteriyasining tarmoqlari va yelka chigalining tarmoqlari joylashadi. Regio brachialis posterior da yelkaning uch boshli mushagi bilan yelka suyagi o`rtasida --- canalis humeromuscularis bo`ladi. Ikkinchi nomi --- sulcus nervus radialis. Devorlari: lateraldan --- musculus triceps brachii, medialdan --- os humeri. Ichidan --- arteria profunda brachii bilan nervus radialis o`tadi. Tirsak chuqurchasi ---- fossa cubiti Devorlari: Lateraldan --- musculus brachioradialis Medialdan --- musculus pronator teres Tubini --- musculus brachialis hosil qiladi. Fossa cubiti da 2 ta egat joylashadi. 1) Medial egat ---- sulcus ulnaris. Devorlari: medialdan --- musculus pronator teres, lateraldan --- musculus brachialis 2) Lateral egat ---- sulcus radialis. Devorlari: lateraldan --- musculus brachioradialis, medialdan --- musculus pronator teres. Bilakning oldingi yuzasida 3 ta egat joylashadi. 1) sulcus radialis --- Devorlari: lateraldan --- musculus brachioradialis, medialdan --- musculus flexor carpi radialis. Ichidan --- vena cephalica, arteria radialis, nervus radialis ning ramus superficialis shoxi o`tadi. 68 2) sulcus medianus --- Devorlari: lateraldan --- musculus flexor carpi radialis, medialdan --- musculus flexor digitorum superficialis. Ichidan --- nervus medianus o`tadi. 3) sulcus ulnaris --- Devorlari: lateraldan --- musculus flexor digitorum superficialis, medialdan --- musculus flexor carpi ulnaris. Ichidan --- vena basilica, arteria ulnaris, nervus ulnaris o`tadi. Anatomik tabakerka chuqurchasi Devorlari: Tubini --- articulatio radiocarpi Lateraldan --- musculus abductor pollex longus bilan musculus extensor pollex brevis ning payi Medialdan --- musculus extensor pollex longus ning payi Oyoq mushaklari --- 2 guruh 1) Kamar (chanoq) mushaklari 2) Oyoqning erkin mushaklari Chanoq mushaklari 2 guruh 1) Ichki guruh 2) Tashqi guruh Ichki guruh mushaklari: 1) musculus psoas minor 2) musculus psoas major Qon bilan taminlanishi --- a.iliolumbalis, a.lumbalis Innervatsiyasi --- plexus lumbalis (r.muscularis) 3) musculus iliacus (musculus iliacus bilan musculus psoas major chov boylamidan o`tgandan so`ng qo`shilib, musculus iliopsoas ni hosil qiladi) Qon bilan taminlanishi --- a.iliolumbalis, a.circumflexa ilium profunda Innervatsiyasi --- plexus lumbalis (r.muscularis) 4) musculus periformis Qon bilan taminlanishi --- a.glutea superior, a.glutea inferior Innervatsiyasi --- plexus sacralis (r.muscularis) 5) musculus gemellus superior 6) musculus gemellus inferior 69 Qon bilan taminlanishi --- a.glutea inferior Innervatsiyasi --- plexus sacralis (r.muscularis) 7) musculus obturatorius internus Qon bilan taminlanishi --- a.glutea inferior, a.obturatoria Innervatsiyasi --- plexus sacralis, (r.muscularis), n.gluteus superior Tashqi guruh mushaklar: 1) musculus gluteus maximus Qon bilan taminlanishi --- a.glutea inferior Innervatsiyasi --- n.glutea inferior 2) musculus gluteus medius 3) musculus gluteus minimus Qon bilan taminlanishi --- a.glutea superior Innervatsiyasi --- n.gluteus superior 4) musculus quadratus femoralis Qon bilan taminlanishi --- a.glutea inferior, a.circumflexa femoris medialis, a.obturatoria Innervatsiyasi --- n.ischiadicus 5) musculus obturatorius externus Qon bilan taminlanishi --- a.obturatoria, a.circumflexa femoris lateralis Innervatsiyasi --- plexus sacralis, n.gluteus superior, n.obturatorius 6) musculus tensor fascae latae Qon bilan taminlanishi --- a.glutea superior, a.circumflexa femoris lateralis Innervatsiyasi --- n.gluteus superior Son mushaklari --- 3 guruh 1) Oldingi guruh 2) Medial guruh 3) Orqa guruh Oldingi guruh mushaklar: 1) musculus sartorius --- organizmdagi eng uzun mushak 2) musculus quadriceps femoralis --- 4 ta boshi bor a) musculus vastus lateralis b) musculus vastus medialis c) musculus rectus femoralis d) musculus vastus intermedia Sonning oldingi guruh mushaklari a.femoralis orqali qon bilan taminlanadi. Sonning oldingi guruh mushaklari n.femoralis orqali innervatsiyalanadi 70 Medial guruh mushaklar: 1) musculus pectineus Innervatsiyasi --- n.obturatorius 2) musculus adductor longus Innervatsiyasi --- n.obturatorius 3) musculus adductor magnus Innervatsiyasi --- n.obturatorius, n.ischiadicus 4) musculus adductor brevis Innervatsiyasi --- n.obturatorius 5) musculus gracilis Innervatsiyasi --- n.obturatorius Sonning medial guruh mushaklari a.obturatorius orqali qon bilan taminlanadi Sonning medial guruh mushaklari n.obturatorius orqali innervatsiyalanadi Orqa guruh mushaklar: 1) musculus biceps femoralis ---- 2 ta boshi bor a) caput longus b) caput brevis 2) musculus semimembranosus 3) musculus semitendinosus Sonning orqa guruh mushaklari a.profunda femoris (a.circumflexa femoris lateralis et medialis) orqali qon bilan taminlanadi. Sonning orqa guruh mushaklarini n.ischiadicus innervatsiya qiladi. Boldir mushaklari --- 3 guruh 1) Oldingi guruh 2) Lateral guruh 3) Orqa guruh Oldingi guruh mushaklar: 1) musculus tibialis anterior 2) musculus extensor digitorum longus 3) musculus extensor hallex longus Boldirning oldingi guruh mushaklarini a.tibialis anterior qon bilan taminlaydi Boldirning oldingi guruh mushaklarini n.peroneus profundus innervatsiya qiladi Lateral guruh mushaklar: 1) musculus peroneus longus 2) musculus peroneus brevis 71 Boldirning lateral guruh mushaklarini a.peronea qon bilan taminlaydi. Boldirning lateral guruh mushaklarini n.peroneus superficialis innervatsiya qiladi Orqa guruh mushaklari ---- 2 guruh 1) Yuza qavat 2) Chuqur qavat Yuza qavat mushaklari: 1) musculus triceps surae --- boldirning 3 boshli mushagi a) musculus gastrocnemius --- 2 ta boshi bor, caput medialis et lateralis b) musculus soleus --- kambalasimon mushak 2) musculus plantarius Chuqur qavat mushaklari: 1) musculus popliteus 2) musculus tibialis posterior 3) musculus flexor digitorum longus 4) musculus flexor hallex longus Boldirning orqa guruh mushaklari a.tibialis posterior, a.poplitea orqali qon bilan taminlanadi. Boldirning orqa guruh mushaklari n.tibialis orqali innervatsiya qilinadi. Oyoq panja mushaklari ---- 2 guruh 1) Ustki guruh 2) Ostki guruh Ustki guruh mushaklari: 1) musculus extensor hallex brevis 2) musculus extensor digitorum brevis Qon bilan taminlanishi ---- a.dorsalis pedis Innervatsiyasi ---- n.peroneus profundus Ostki guruh mushaklar --- 3 guruh 1) Medial guruh 2) Lateral guruh 3) O`rta guruh Medial guruh mushaklari: 1) musculus abductor hallex Innervatsiyasi --- n.plantaris medialis 2) musculus adductor hallex Innervatsiyasi --- n.plantaris lateralis 72 3) musculus flexor hallex brevis Innervatsiyasi --- n.plantaris medialis et lateralis Lateral guruh mushaklari: 1) musculus flexor digiti minimi 2) musculus abductor digiti minimi Innervatsiyasi --- n.plantaris lateralis O`rta guruh mushaklari: 1) musculus flexor digitorum brevis Innervatsiyasi --- n.plantaris medialis 2) musculus quadratus plantaris Innervatsiyasi --- n.plantaris lateralis 3) musculus interossei plantaris Innervatsiyasi --- n.plantaris lateralis 4) musculus interossei dorsalis Innervatsiyasi --- n.plantaris lateralis 5) musculus lumbricales Innervatsiyasi --- n.plantaris medialis et lateralis Oyoq panjasining ostki mushaklarini a.plantaris medialis, a.plantaris lateralis qon bilan taminlaydi. Oyoq panjasining ostki guruh mushaklari n.plantaris medialis, n.plantaris lateralis orqali innervatsiya qilinadi Oyoq topografiyasi Tovonda 2 ta egat bo`ladi: 1) sulcus plantaris medialis ---- Devorlari: medialdan --- musculus abductor hallex, lateraldan --- musculus flexor digitorum brevis. Ichida --- arteria plantaris medialis, vena plantaris medialis, nervus plantaris medialis joylashadi. 2) sulcus plantaris lateralis ---- Devorlari: lateraldan --- musculus flexor digiti minimi, medialdan --- musculus flexor digitorum brevis. Ichida --- arteria plantaris lateralis, vena plantaris lateralis, nervus plantaris lateralis joylashadi. Taqim osti-boldir kanali --- canalis cruropopliteus ( Gruber kanali ) Axil payining tagida joylashadi. Devorlari: Oldindan --- musculus tibialis posterior 73 Orqadan --- musculus soleus Lateraldan --- musculus flexor digitorum longus Medialdan --- musculus flexor hallex longus Ichidan arteria tibialis posterior bilan nervus tibialis o`tadi Boldirning lateral tomonida 2 ta kanal joylashadi. 1) canalis musculoperoneus superior --- Devorlari: lateraldan --- musculus peroneus longus, medialdan --- os fibula. Ichidan --- nervus peroneus superficialis o`tadi, 2) canalis musculoperoneus inferior --- Devorlari: lateraldan --- os fibula, medialdan --- musculus tibialis posterior. Ichidan --- arteria peroneus o`tadi. Taqim osti chuqurchasi --- fossa poplitea Yuqoridan 2 ta pastdan 2 ta devori bo`ladi. Yuqori lateral devorini --- musculus biceps femoris Yuqori medial devorini --- musculus semimembranosus, musculus semitendinosus Pastki lateral devorini --- musculus gastrocnemius ning caput lateralis i Pastki medial devorini --- musculus gastrocnemius ning caput medialis i Ichini yog` klechatkasi to`ldirib turadi. Qon-tomirlar yuzadan chuqurga qarab NeVA shaklida joylashadi. Yuzada - Ne, o`rtada - V, chuqurda - A. Ne --- nervus ischiadicus V ---- vena poplitea A ---- arteria poplitea Sonning medial tomonida --- canalis adductorius ( Gunter kanali ) bo`ladi. Devorlari: lateraldan --- musculus vastus medialis, medialdan --- musculus adductor magnus, oldindan --- lamina vastoadductorius. Ichidan --- arteria femoralis va vena femoralis o`tadi. Son uchburchagi ---- trigonum femoralis ( Skarp uchburchagi ) Devorlari: Oldindan --- ligamentum inguinalis Lateraldan --- musculus sartorius Medialdan --- musculus adductor longus Tubini --- musculus pectenius bilan musculus iliopsoas hosil qiladi. 74 Chov boylami bilan yonbosh suyagi o`rtasidagi soha --- arcus iliopectenius vositasida 2 ta kovakka ajraladi. 1) Medial tomonda lacuna vasorum --- qon-tomir kovagi. Ichidan arteria femoralis , vena femoralis hamda nervus genitofemoralis ning ramus femoralis shoxi o`tadi. 2) Lateral tomonda lacuna musculorum muskul kovagi. Ichidan musculus iliopsoas bilan nervus femoralis o`tadi. Lacuna vasorum ostida --- canalis femoralis bo`ladi (sog` odamda uchramaydi). Bu ayollarda tug`ruq jarayonida zo`riqish kuchli bo`lgan vaqtida sonda churra hosil bo`ladi. Son churrasi hosil bo`lganda son kanali hosil bo`ladi. Devorlari: Oldindan --- ligamentum inguinalis Lateraldan --- vena femoralis Medial devori bo`lmaydi Orqadan --- sonning serbar fassiyasining chuqur varag`i hosil qiladi. Son kanalining kirish teshigiga --- anulus femoralis deyiladi. Devorlari: Oldindan --- ligamentum inguinalis Lateraldan --- vena femoralis Medialdan --- ligamentum pectenialis Orqadan --- ligamentum lacunaris Musculus periformis ning trochanter major ga birikishi natijasida 2 ta teshik hosil bo`ladi. 1) foramen supraperiformis --- ichidan arteria glutea superior bilan nervus glutea superior o`tadi 2) foramen infraperiformis --- ichidan arteria glutea inferior, nervus glutea inferior, nervus periformis, nervus ischiadicus, nervus gemellus superior, nervus gemellus inferior, nervus obturatorius internus, nervus pudenda interna o`tadi. Yüklə 5,01 Kb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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