Qaraqalpaq indd

Nizami Tağısoy
 Qaraqalpaq ədəbiyyatı
430
431
XX century is the historical beginning of garagalpag 
literature. Just at the beginning of this century they could get 
alphabet and began to activate their mass press organs, a lot of 
representative come to literature. At the end of XX century the 
new theatrical circles were created in Garagalpagstan. After it 
A.Otepov’s ‘Alpamis’, A.Begimov’s ‘Garib-Ashig’ and other 
drama works were occurred in that period and also theatre, 
drama, producing, acting began to be developed successfully. 
It is interesting that there were staged some musical drama and 
comedies in theatres by Azerbaijan authors—U.Hajibayov’s 
‘Arshin mal alan’ and M.S.Ordubady’s ‘Besh manatlig gelin’. 
In garagalpag theatre and dramaturgy there was need using 
Turkish, Azerbaijan and European theatrical traditions.
 During the centuries the wide spread genre was poetry 
in garagalpag literature and it stood in leading position at 
the beginning of XX century. KH.Ahmedov, A.Begimov, D. 
Nazbergenov, M.Daribayev, A. Dabilov, S. Nurumbetov and 
others  conquered the hearts of garagalpag readers. Garagalpag 
poetry was enriched with new artistic characters  by  J. 
Aymirzeyev, T.Jumamuradov, I.Yusupov, A.Shahmuradov, 
B.Ismailov, T.Seyideanov and so on.
Garagalpag poetry was directed towards the realism 
in the middle of XX century. Just in this period there was a 
good situation to  have changes in new poem creativity and 
J.Aymirzeyev’s ‘Jumagul’ and “Struggle’ M.Daribayev’s 
‘Kaljan’ and ‘ Aimeamal’, A.Begimov’s ‘The son of fight’ and 
some other poems were among them. 
In the  40th the collection of garagalpag poets were 
given to the readers—such kind of works were ‘Fight for the 
country’,   ‘We overcome the enemy’, ‘Patriotism songs’ and 
so on. D.Nazbergenov’s ‘ Two heroes’ and some other poems 
were published in this period. 
The 40th and 50th  garagalpag poetry is considered to 
be in more developed period. S.Mecidov, J.Aymirzeyev, 
A.Begimov, A.Dabilov, A.Musayev, S.Nurumbayev and 
some other craftsmen played a great role in formation of it and 
garagalpag poetry was differed among the others  according 
to their genre and coloring.
In the second half of the XX century the creation of the 
garagalpag poets was continuing intensively and a lot of 
lyrical poems, epos, quarts  were occurred by T.Jumamuradov, 
N.Japakov, T.Seyidov, A. Aliyev and so on. In garagalpag epic 
poetry was developing on the basis of folklore motives. As in 
soviet literature the military theme was always addressed in 
60th-80th  years, for example, S. Beynezerov’s ‘Tanya”,  KH. 
Seyidov’s ‘With the love of the heart’, M.Seyidniyazov’s ‘My 
childhood spent in  war’, B. Kaipnezerov’s ‘Two soldiers’, 
KH.Turumbetov’s ‘The fighter’s widower’ and other poems 
were on these themes.
The figurative solution of the problems in that period which 
was looked through and Kh. Safarov’s, S.Jumaniyazov’s, 
I.Gurbanbeyov’s, T.Gulmuradov’s, I.Seyidnazarov’s, 
S.Abbasov’s, T.Kabulov’s, R.Ayapbergenov’ s, S.Seyidov’s 
and other works were dedicated on these themes.     
One of the deferent features of   garagalpag literature was 
connected with classical traditions and second one was to be 
appropriate to the exact situation. In that period one of the 
craftsmen was I.Yusupov who was in the focus of attention. 
His poetical collection such as ‘Lyrics of happiness’, ‘Romance 
of Desert’, ‘Tomris’, ‘Ilham’, ‘A story about hat’, ‘The legend of 
mountain river’, ‘The meridian of hearts’,’Poems’, ‘The eye of 
the reptile’, ‘Roses and wormwood’ and other works became 
very popular among the readers. He was popular not only 
in Garagalpagstan but also abroad. Later ‘To east traveler ’, 
‘Thoughts’, ‘Seven roundabout way, ‘Selected works’, etc. 

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Nizami Tağısoy
 Qaraqalpaq ədəbiyyatı
432
433
are known to the readers living in Uzbekistan, Girgizistan, 
Russia and also in Azerbaijan. In creation of I.Yusupov 
philosophical thinking, mythological world, psychological 
moments, tender lyrics, figurativeness, the usage of richness 
of pop-language, innovation, the decoration of lines and 
syllables correctly are the main elements of his characteristics. 
I.Yusupov is known not only an excellent poet, but also a very 
responsible translator. He has translated girgiz and nogay 
songs from Russian, Ukranian and European classics--- 
 
(T.Shevchenko’s, A.Pushkin’s, M.Lermontov’s, A. Blok’s, 
Shakespeare’s, Shiller’s, Bayron’s, Hote’s, Heine’s poems, 
etc.)  into his native language. Besides, he  also translated 
M.F.Akhundov’s ‘Eastern poems to Pushkin’s death’ in 1966 
and published in literary-pictoral journal ‘Amuderya’ and 
presented to garagalpag readers. These are good examples 
how he valued other people’s creation.
  One of Garagalpagstan popular craftsmen is T.Kabulov. 
his books mainly published in Nokis , Dashkend  and also 
in some other journals and newspapers, for example, ‘Zvez-
da Vostoka’, ‘Gulkhan’,’Gonche’, ’Sovetskaya Karakalpa-
kiya’, ’Pravda Vostoka’, ‘Vechemi  Tashkent’,’ Uzbekis-
tan madaniyyati’,Komsomolets Uzbekstana’,’ Leninskoye 
znamya’ and so on. Kabilov’s poems are often presen ted 
in uzbek,gazakh,Turkmen and Russian broadcastting to 
different audience. His works have been translated into 
uzbek,gazakh,girgiz,uygur,Russian,ukranian moldova and 
other languages. T.Kabilov is a songster poet and majority of 
his poems have been composed music. His works are in the 
character of lyrics  and deep national roots.
Garagalpag prose works were mainly occurred in 20th  of 
the XX century. The first of them  were essays and topical 
satire. The first authors of garagalpag literature were R. 
Mejidov, N.Kuzembayev and some others.
 In 30th-40th publicistic articles and stories were occurred 
in garagalpag literature. On this point D.Nazber 
genov’s, 
A.Begimov’s, M.Daribayev’s and others’ activity have to be 
noted.  
In 40th-50th S.Saliyev, A.Shahmuradov, Y.Khojaniyazov,T.
Kaipergenov and for other children they began to write 
different stories. 
 In 50th in garagalpag literature there was created novels. 
There  A.Orazov’s ‘In hard days’, J.Tashenov’s ‘The friends of  
a battle’, T.Najiniov’s ‘A banner on the soil’ and others were  
among them. 
 The genre of a novel was appeared in 50th of the XX 
century. Among these samples A.Begimov’s ‘The first step’, 
and ‘The daughter of a fisherman’, K.Yelmanov’s ‘ In the past 
days’,’ S.Mejidov’s ‘Suyun and Sara’ and  some other works 
were written in that period. Also in  other periods there were 
other principles of genre in garagalpag literature.
In 60th -70th in garagalpag prose realism was successfully 
found in this period. Exactly in this period the garagalpag 
prosaists were in close relations with other writers of different 
countries and those years a lot of fiction works were translated 
into the garagalpag language. The works by A.Pushkin, 
 
M. Lermontov, N.Gogol, L.Tolstoy, A. Chekhov, S. Ayni, 
B.Kerbabayev, V. Merime, V. Hugo, R.Tagor and other works 
were presented to the readers of the world. The garagalpag 
literature was in the way of strengthening of the traditions of 
it and being assimilated by the other literature.
A.Begimov was the first man who earned success in poetry 
and dramaturgy. He had a lot of good service in the formation 
and development of garagalpag prose. The novel written by 
this author-- ‘The daughter of a fisherman’ was dedicated to 
the hard lives of the people living in Mediterranean Sea area. 
The deepness of Roman events, surrounding of lives of people 
in large plan, national coloring, the opening of complicated 

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