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Decent work and economic growth (SDG 8)
Reduce inequalities (SDG 10)
Sustainable communities (SDG 11)
Sustainable consumption and production (SDG 12)
Climate action (SDG 13)
Sustainable management of oceans and coastal areas (SDG 14)
Sustainable
land use, forest and other terrestrial ecosystems (SDG 15)
Selection of indicators
The selection process of feasible indicators for the monitoring systems was carried out on the basis of specific
criteria to be satisfied:
Cover most of SDGs: starting from the two SDGs about
food security and
water provision (the specific
topics of PRIMA initiative), an improvement of the selected indicators should be able to positively
influence the achievement of as many goals as possible.
Consider biophysical limits: it is fundamental to have indicators that give information about the
biophysical limits of the system, from both resource consumption and environmental loading point
of view.
Consider the nexus: food, water, and energy have a strong relationship with each other and play a
crucial role in the achievement of SDGs; the use of indicators that can highlight the linkages among
all three is needed.
Consider both national and sectoral systems: some indicators have to monitor national systems (e.g.
poverty, health, land use, GHGs emissions), while others shall monitor sectoral systems (e.g.
agriculture, water services).
Be limited in number: the indicators should be limited in number in order to have an effective tool
that can easily support the monitoring process of projects under the PRIMA initiative.
Data availability should be guaranteed frequently enough to be meaningful in the PRIMA time
horizon.
Below a short-list of the provisionally selected indicators (with their units) for PRIMA monitoring is reported:
1.
Multidimensional Poverty Index
2.
Population overweight (%)
3.
Land Use (%)
4.
GHG emissions (total and AFOLU – t CO
2e
)
5.
Cereal Yield (kg/ha)
6.
Agriculture Value Added (US$/worker)
7.
Fertilizers consumption (kg/ha
arable land
)
8.
Crop water productivity (kg/m
3
)
9.
Proportion of total water used (%)
10.
Population using safely managed water services (rural, %)
11.
Population using safely managed sanitation services (rural, %)
12.
Amount of agricultural residues used for energy purpose (t)
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All the listed indicators are reported in Table 1, with the aim to show which goals are affected by the
improvement generated by the PRIMA initiative.
Table 1. Table representing which goals (in rows) can be positively influenced by an improvement of the
PRIMA indicators (in columns).
SDGs
INDICATORS
SDGs
INDICATORS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1. No poverty
2. Food security and sustainable agriculture
3.
Good health and well-being
6. Clean water and sanitation
7.
Affordable and green energy
8. Decent work and economic growth
10. Reduce inequalities
11.
Sustainable communities
12. Sustainable consumption and production
13. Climate action
14. Sustainable management of oceans
15.
Sustainable land use, forests, etc.
PRIMA Indicators
1.
Multidimensional Poverty Index
Among the US SDSN goals, “End poverty in all its forms everywhere” is here represented by the
Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI). This is an international poverty measure developed by the Oxford
Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) for the United Nations Development Programme. The
index reflects the multiple deprivations that a poor person faces with respect to education, health and
living standards.
According to Alkire and Foster (2011), the MPI is an index of acute multidimensional poverty. It assesses
the nature and intensity of poverty at the individual level, creating a vivid picture of people living in
poverty within and across countries. The MPI has three dimensions: health, education, and living
standards. These are measured using 10 indicators. It consists in the first international measure of its kind
and it offers an essential complement to income poverty because it measures deprivations directly.
The MPI can be used as an analytical tool to identify multidimensionally poor people, show aspects in
which they are deprived and help to reveal the interconnections among deprivations. It can also identify
the poorest among the poor, reveal poverty patterns within countries by province or social group, and
track changes over time. This can enable policy makers to target resources and design policies more
effectively.
Source: The MPI indices for the Mediterranean countries are based on the works of Alkire
et al. (2014)
and Alkire and Robles (2015).
17
17
Alkire, S., Apablaza, M., and Jung, E. (2014). ‘Multidimensional poverty measurement for EUSILC countries.’ OPHI
Research in Progress 36b.
Alkire, S. and Robles, G. (2015). “Multidimensional Poverty Index 2015: Brief Methodological Note and Results.” Oxford
Poverty and Human Development Initiative, University of Oxford,
Briefing 36.