139
Table 2. Baseline of PRIMA Indicators.
Multidimensional
Poverty Index
(MPI)
Population
overweight,
%
Cereal
Yield,
kg/ha
Agriculture
value added
per worker,
2005US$
Fertilizer
use,
kg/ha
Crop water
productivity,
kg/m
3
Proportion
of total
water use,
%
Safe water
service (rural),
%
Safe sanitation
service (rural)
%
Albania
0,005
52,7
4606
3614
87,5
1,09
4,3
95
90
Algeria
n.a.
59,1
1814
4470
15,3
0,72
48,9
82
82
Bosnia and Herzegovina
0,002
51,8
4027
n.a.
91,4
1,04
0,9
100
92
Croatia
n.a.
58,8
5451
24913
234,9
0,98
0,6
100
96
Cyprus
0,108
60,3
1710
13906
199,8
n.a
17,6
100
100
Egypt, Arab Rep.
0,014
62,0
7253
2562
636,4
1,22
97,8
99
93
France
0,084
60,7
7074
84574
140,6
1,42
14,8
100
99
Greece
0,121
60,5
4481
18602
157,4
1,05
13,8
100
98
Israel
n.a.
63,5
3797
n.a.
268,7
1,01
79,7
100
100
Italy
0,096
58,8
5229
52519
129,0
1,21
23,6
100
100
Lebanon
n.a.
68,7
3382
48067
456,5
0,62
24,3
99
81
Libya
0,006
68,7
833
n.a.
4,3
0,74
615,4
68
96
Malta
0,089
64,0
5151
n.a.
397,1
n.a.
67,3
100
100
Montenegro
0,001
55,8
2844
6939
324,7
1,06
n.a.
99
92
Morocco
0,067
56,5
1828
4600
52,4
0,82
35,7
65
66
Palestine
0,006
n.a.
1583
2278
n.a.
n.a.
48,7
82
90
Slovenia
0,054
60,6
4610
166068
267,4
n.a.
3,0
99
99
Spain
0,100
60,9
4081
41740
139,2
0,91
28,6
100
100
Syrian Arab Republic
0,016
58,5
1576
n.a.
21,3
0,67
84,2
87
95
Tunisia
0,004
62,9
1691
4524
41,1
0,95
69,7
93
80
Turkey
n.a.
66,3
3249
6855
113,5
0,64
18,9
100
86
Portugal
0,166
55,6
4183
9659
150,3
1,07
10,9
100
100
Jordan
0,006
65,9
1678
4848
681,9
0,51
92,4
92
99
Macedonia, FYR
0,002
55,2
3381
11460
69,2
0,94
16,1
n.a
n.a.
140
Land use
Figure 1. Baseline for the indicator land use (Italy, Morocco and Jordan are reported as example).
GHG emissions (total and AFOLU – t CO
2e
)
Figure 2. Baseline for
the indicator GHG
emissions (Italy, Morocco and Jordan are reported as example).
PRIMA operative objectives and the selected indicators
Below a diagram representing the eight operative objectives identified in the context of PRIMA initiative
and the chosen indicators: each indicator is coupled with the objective most influenced.
141
Figure 3. The relationship between the selected indicators and the PRIMA operative objectives.
Synthetic representation
The monitoring system is meant to track the behavior of each system in time rather than the comparison
among systems and establishment of rankings. A useful representation of the results (and of the evolution in
time) is the radar diagram (or “amoeba”) reported below for the case of Italy, highlighting 8 of the selected
indicators.
142
Figure 4. Radar diagram of Italy.
For part of these indicators it may be possible to have also a detailed spatial representation, mapping areas
where, for example, water shortage is particularly relevant.
Conclusions
The monitoring system developed for the PRIMA initiative consists of a dozen of indicators. It is a flexible set
that can be integrated with other indicators depending on the necessity to make it able to investigate other
aspects that are considered relevant. Currently, for all the indicators, with the exception of one, a reliable
baseline has been developed.
Among the possible indicators to be integrated in the present monitoring tool, it is worth to mention an
indicator of land degradation or soil erosion that should be combined with the one on cereal yield in order
to focus on the durability of present conditions.
Moreover, a relevant aspect to be stressed is the fact that the developed monitoring systems, with its
indicators, should be used to monitor countries’ development in time (or particular subnational systems).
This is because it is fundamental that each Mediterranean country and, consequently, the Mediterranean
area as a whole will improve and give their contribution to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.
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